Mini-Review: Role of Drugs Affecting Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): What We Know and What We Should Know

Mohammad Kazem Sarpolaki,Ali Vafaei,Mohammad Reza Fattahi,Arad Iranmehr 대한신경손상학회 2023 Korean Journal of Neurotrauma Vol.19 No.2

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are among the most important clinical and research areas in neurosurgery, owing to their devastating effects and high prevalence. Over the last few decades, there has been increasing research on the complex pathophysiology of TBI and secondary injuries following TBI. A growing body of evidence has shown that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a well-known cardiovascular regulatory pathway, plays a role in TBI pathophysiology. Acknowledging these complex and poorly understood pathways and their role in TBI could help design new clinical trials involving drugs that alter the RAS network, most notably angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. This study aimed to briefly review the molecular, animal, and human studies on these drugs in TBI and provide a clear vision for researchers to fill knowledge gaps in the future.

Differential Representation of Landmark and Self-Motion Information along the CA1 Radial Axis: Self-Motion Generated Place Fields Shift toward Landmarks during Septal Inactivation

Fattahi, Mohammad,Sharif, Farnaz,Geiller, Tristan,Royer, Sé,bastien Society for Neuroscience 2018 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.38 No.30

<P>Spatial location in the environment can be defined in relation to specific landmarks or in relation to the global context, and is estimated from both the sensing of landmarks and the inner sense of cumulated locomotion referred to as path-integration. The respective contribution of landmark and path-integration to place-cell activity in the hippocampus is still unclear and complicated by the fact that the two mechanisms usually overlap. To bias spatial mechanisms toward landmark or path-integration, we use a treadmill equipped with a long belt on which male mice run sequentially through a zone enriched and a zone impoverished in visual-tactile cues. We show that inactivation of the medial septum (MS), which is known to disrupt the periodic activity of grid cells, impairs mice ability to anticipate the delivery of a reward in the cue-impoverished zone and transiently alter the spatial configuration of place fields in the cue-impoverished zone selectively: following MS inactivation, place fields in the cue-impoverished zone progressively shift backward and stabilize near the cues, resulting in the contraction of the spatial representation around cues; following MS recovery, the initial spatial representation is progressively restored. Furthermore, we found that place fields in the cue-rich and cue-impoverished zones are preferentially generated by cells from the deep and superficial sublayers of CA1, respectively. These findings demonstrate with mechanistic insights the contribution of MS to the spread of spatial representations in cue-impoverished zones, and indicate a segregation of landmark-based and path-integration-assisted spatial mechanisms into deep and superficial CA1, respectively.</P>

The Effect of Pre-sowing Treatments and Light on Seed Germination of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss: An Endangered Medicinal Plant in Iran

Mohammad Fattahi,Vahideh Nazeri,Fatemeh Sefidkon,Zabihollah Zamani,Javier Palazon 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.6

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-sowing treatments and light on Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss. seed germination. The following treatments were used: sandpaper; 3, 5 and 10 min soaking in sulfuric acid; 15 min in sodium hypochlorite; 24 h in water, hot water and boiling water; 50, 150, and 250 mg・L^(-1) of Gibberellic acid; 1000, 2000,4000, and 6000 mg・L^(-1) of KNO3, and water (control). The germination rate, germination start (GS), mean germination time (MGT), time to 50% germination (T_(50)) and cumulative germination were determined as germination indices. Root, shoot and seedling length and the vigor index (VI) were evaluated as growth factors at the end of the incubation period. Second experiment was carried out to study the effect of light on seed germination. It was observed that both the physical and chemical scarification methods were effective in enhancing D. Kotschyi seed germination and growth. In the first stage, up to day 20 SA (10 min) and sandpaper scarification treated seed had shown germination more than 70% whereas control seeds did not begin germination until day 20. The highest germination rate was observed with sandpaper (1.77 units) and SA (1.56 units)in compare with other treatments (less than 0.9 units). Also the highest vigor index was found in SA- and sandpaper-treated seeds and the lowest occurred in sodium hypochlorite treatments. The other results showed that light was more effective than darkness for seed germination.

Effect of Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Intention in Family Relative with Colorectal Cancer Patients Based on Theory of Planned Behavior

Baghianimoghadam, Mohammad Hosein,Ardakani, Mojtaba Fattahi,Akhoundi, Mohsen,Mortazavizadeh, Mohammad Reza,Fallahzadeh, Mohammad Hosein,Baghianimoghadam, Behnam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of most common cancers in women and men and one of the major causes of death due to neoplasia. Colonoscopy is considered as the most accurate diagnostic procedure to detect colorectal cancer at the earlier stages. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of an education program using the Theory of Planned Behavior on promoting behavioral intention among first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program to promote attitudinal factors associated with early detection of colorectal cancer in 99 first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients aged more than 20 years in Yazd city, Iran. A researcher made questionnaire forwhich validity and reliability were confirmed by expert point of view and pilot testing was employed for data collection. Questionnaires were filled in before and after educational intervention. The registered data were transferred to SPSS 19 and analyzed by paired T-test, Man-Whitney and Wilcaxon. Results: Mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention regarding colorectal cancer increased after education significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior has positive influence on promoting intention behavior. It is therefore recommended to apply educational programs to promote behavioral intention.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Common Mutations in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients: a Meta Analysis

Forat-Yazdi, Mohammad,Neamatzadeh, Hossein,Sheikhha, Mohammad Hasan,Zare-Shehneh, Masoud,Fattahi, Mortaza Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: To date several common mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated with breast cancer have been reported in different populations. However, the common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among breast cancer patients in Iran have not been described in detail. Materials and Methods: To comprehensively assess the frequency and distribution of the most common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Iranian breast cancer patients, we conducted this meta-analysis on 13 relevant published studies indentified in a literature search on PubMed and SID. Results: A total of 11 BRCA1 and BRCA2 distinct common mutations were identified, reported twice or more in the articles, of which 10 (c.2311T>C, c.3113A>G, c.4308T>C, c.4837A>G, c.2612C>T, c.3119G>A, c.3548A>G, c.5213G>A c.IVS16-92A/G, and c.IVS16-68A/G) mutations were in BRCA1, and 1 (c.4770A>G) was in BRCA2. The mutations were in exon 11, exon 13, intron 16, and exon 20 of BRCA1 and exon 11 of BRCA2. All have been previously reported in different populations. Conclusions: These meta analysis results should be helpful in understanding the possibility of any first true founder mutation of BRCA1/BRCA2 in the Iranian population. In addition, they will be of significance for diagnostic testing, genetic counseling and for epidemiological studies.

Kinetic modeling of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) over a vanadium–graphene catalyst: Application of the DOE and ANN methodologies

Moslem Fattahi,Mohammad Kazemeini,Farhad Khorasheh,Alimorad Rashidi 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

In this research the application of design of experiment (DOE) coupled with the artificial neural networks (ANN) in kinetic study of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) over a vanadium–graphene catalyst at 400–500 ℃ and a method of data collection/fitting for the experiments were presented. The proposed reaction network composed of consecutive and simultaneous reactions with kinetics expressed by simple power law equations involving a total of 20 unknown parameters (10 reaction orders and 5 rate constants each expressed in terms of a pre-exponential factors and activation energies) determined through non-linear regression analysis. Because of the complex nature of the system, neural networks were employed as an efficient and accurate tool to model the behavior of the system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and ANN methods were constructed based upon the DOE’s points and were then utilized for generating extra-simulated data. The three data sets including the original experimental data, those simulated by the ANN and RSM methods were subsequently used to fit power law kinetic rate expressions for the main ODHP and side reactions. The results of kinetic modeling with simulated data sets from the ANN and RSM models compared with collected experimental data. Both methods were able to satisfactorily fit the experimental data for which the ANN data set showed the best fitting amongst them all.

Antioxidant and antifungal activities of a new chemovar of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)

Ghader Ghasemi,Mohammad Fattahi,Abolfazl Alirezalu,Youbert Ghosta 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.3

Chemical composition, antifungal and antioxidantproperties of essential oil extracted from Cuminumcyminum from Iran was studied. GC–MS analysis revealedthe presence of 18 components, with 3-caren-10-al andcuminal as the principal constituents. Hierarchical clusteranalysis and antioxidant capacities showed that thisessential oil made a single group at 64 unit distinct fromother reported essential oils extracted from cumin in theliterature and was with high antioxidant activity [150 lLexhibiting strong reducing power; 2200 (FRAP) lmol/LFe?2 during 15 min and * 89 DPPH % at 60 min]. Theantifungal effects of the essential oil against threepostharvest fungal pathogens, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillusniger and Penicillim expansum revealed that at concentrationsof C 750 lL/L, the mycelial growth of the testedfungi were completely inhibited. Overall, the essential oilderived from this new cumin chemovar could be apromising candidate for its utilization as a naturalpreservative.

Adoption of Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) for non-Darcy Flow in Porous Media

Amirhossein Arvin,Mohammad Hadi Fattahi,Mohammad Sedghi-Asl,Seyyed Abbas Mohammadi 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.4

For non-Darcy flow in coarse porous media, an analytical solution based on the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is proposed. Subsurface water profile data of a laboratory model are used for six different inlet discharges in both rounded and crushed coarse porous media types. The model slope is S = 0.00001 close to the horizon. Different upstream and downstreamwater level boundary conditions are considered. The results of the analytical solution of non-Darcy flow by the HPM method are compared with experimental data. The normal objective function (NOF) is used for better comparison between the results of analytical solutions and experimental data. Results depict that the HPM method provides acceptable solutions in both rounded and crushed media types. The analytical results of flow rates q = 26.25 lit/s with NOF of 0.000294586 percent in rounded porous media and q = 30 lit/s with NOF of 0.00028660 percent in crushed one are the most consistent with the experimental data. The proposed HPM solution performs very well, particularly at higher flow rates, in both rounded and crushed porous media.

Effects of Methods, Time and Conditions on Success of Budding in Walnut

Aziz Ebrahimi,Amir Sahraroo,Mohammad Reza Fattahi Moghadam 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Influence of unsupported and partially supported sleepers on dynamic responses of train–track interaction

Jabbar Ali Zakeri,Morvarid Fattahi,Mohammad Mehdi Ghanimoghadam 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.6

One of the major problems of railroad deterioration is uneven settlement which occurs due to various reasons, including existence ofdefects in substructures, using non-homogenous ballast, or being poorly drained. Sometimes, because of these problems, sleepers remainfreely as a part of vertical displacement and contact the ballast with load increase. Different models have been presented for checking theeffect of hanging sleepers on the dynamic interaction of rail and train. In this paper, a mathematical model was developed for railwaytrack and differential rail displacement with supported and unsupported sleepers was compared by modeling sleepers such as partiallysupported ones. On this basis, the motion equations of the train-track system were solved considering the non-linearity of wheel/rail contactform and using numerical integration in the time domain. Longitudinal sections of the track model were coded in Matlab softwareand the effect of one, two, or three partially supported sleepers and various spacing of sleepers on the sleepers and rail displacement wasstudied and compared with that of the unsupported one. It was shown that, with increasing the sleeper spacing from 50 to 75 cm, raildisplacement increased from 7 to 22% in the unsupported sleeper and 5 to 8% in the partially supported sleeper. Additionally, rail displacementincreased from 13 to 74% by changing the number of the unsupported sleeper from 1 to 9. Also, it increased from 6 to 24% inthe partially supported sleepers.