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Benoît H. Lessard,Sarah Mackay,Adrien Métafiot,Milan Marić 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.8
Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)-block-poly(methacrylate-ran-styrene) block copolymers were synthesized from low dispersity (Mw/Mn=1.24) and perfectly alternating poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) macroinitiators, by nitroxide mediated controlled radical polymerization (NMP), using various methacrylate-rich mixtures: methyl methacrylate/styrene (MMA/S), ethyl methacrylate/styrene (EMMA/S), n-butyl methacrylate/styrene (BMA/S) and benzyl methacrylate/styrene (BzMA/S). Some irreversible termination was present during the chain extension from the macroinitiator, resulting in some bimodality in the molecular weight distribution of the final block copolymer (≈2% to ≈25% dead chains) which is common for methacrylate/styrene copolymerizations by NMP. The resulting final block copolymers were determined to be methacrylate-rich (molar ratio XMA/S ≈3.3 to 5.5) by 1H NMR and the resulting glass transition temperature (Tg) of the chain-extended segments were found to be similar to the coresponding pure poly(methacrylate)s. NMP allows the controlled placement of functional maleic anhydride containing segments within a block copolymer with tunable mechanical properties by simple substitution of methacrylate monomer used in synthesis.
Negotiating Subcontract Conditions in the Australian Construction Industry
지석호,Christopher L. Mackay 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.19 No.3
Strategic negotiation of subcontracts appears to contain many benefits regarding cost savings, quality improvement, better projecttime management, and project value enhancement. The primary purpose of the study presented in this paper is to investigate thecurrent and prospective concepts of negotiable subcontract conditions in the Australian construction industry that can alleviateelongated negotiations and attain a win/win result for both contractor and subcontractor. The study first discussed legislativeregulations and opinions concerning subcontract negotiation through extensive review on academic literature and AustralianStandards including AS 4903 General conditions of subcontract for design and construct and AS 4300 General conditions of contractfor design and construct. The study was further developed in the form of a survey, collecting data from 71 respondents (i.e.,contractors and subcontractors) from the Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Territory construction industries in Australia. Cronbach’s alpha assessed the reliability of survey responses. The research then statistically analyzed not only critical negotiationfactors contributing to project performance based on Fisher’s exact test but also significant differences between contractors’ andsubcontractors’ viewpoints to subcontract negotiation by ANOVA testing. The survey results revealed that contractors andsubcontractors attain different opinions regarding the fairness of subcontract conditions; however, both parties believed that therewere genuine opportunities to improve project performance and value via the negotiation of subcontract conditions using anintegrative approach.