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Benoît H. Lessard,Sarah Mackay,Adrien Métafiot,Milan Marić 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.8
Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)-block-poly(methacrylate-ran-styrene) block copolymers were synthesized from low dispersity (Mw/Mn=1.24) and perfectly alternating poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) macroinitiators, by nitroxide mediated controlled radical polymerization (NMP), using various methacrylate-rich mixtures: methyl methacrylate/styrene (MMA/S), ethyl methacrylate/styrene (EMMA/S), n-butyl methacrylate/styrene (BMA/S) and benzyl methacrylate/styrene (BzMA/S). Some irreversible termination was present during the chain extension from the macroinitiator, resulting in some bimodality in the molecular weight distribution of the final block copolymer (≈2% to ≈25% dead chains) which is common for methacrylate/styrene copolymerizations by NMP. The resulting final block copolymers were determined to be methacrylate-rich (molar ratio XMA/S ≈3.3 to 5.5) by 1H NMR and the resulting glass transition temperature (Tg) of the chain-extended segments were found to be similar to the coresponding pure poly(methacrylate)s. NMP allows the controlled placement of functional maleic anhydride containing segments within a block copolymer with tunable mechanical properties by simple substitution of methacrylate monomer used in synthesis.
Jarvas, Gabor,Guttman, Andras,Mię,kus, Natalia,Bą,czek, Tomasz,Jeong, Sunkyung,Chung, Doo Soo,Pä,toprstý,, Vladimir,Masá,r, Mariá,n,Hutta, Milan,Datinská,, Vladim Elsevier 2020 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.122 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>By coupling a sample pretreatment technique of sample clean up and enrichment power with capillary electrophoresis (CE) of high-performance separation, the task of analyzing trace analytes in a complex matrix such as a biological sample can be carried out successfully with ease. This review aims for providing an overview of strategies to couple sample pretreatment techniques with capillary and related microscale (e.g., microchip) electrophoresis, practically adoptable in an automatic manner, without requiring serious modification of existing instruments to install sophisticated interfaces. In-line sample pretreatment techniques based on liquid phase microextraction performed before sample injection and on-line sample preconcentration techniques performed during or after sample injection are discussed with emphasis on the applicability to samples of high conductivity, commonly encountered for biological samples. An overview of the recent developments in microfluidic immobilized enzymatic microreactors which fit excellently to microchip CE is also given.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recent advances and major trends in sample pretreatment for capillary electrophoresis are summarized. </LI> <LI> In-line and on-line sample pretreatment techniques are discussed with emphasis on biological samples. </LI> <LI> We provide an overview of strategies to couple sample pretreatment techniques with capillary and microchip electrophoresis. </LI> </UL> </P>