A Chosŏn Dynasty Court Painter, Kim Hong-do

KUMJA PAIK KIM The Academy of Korean Studies 1988 Korea Journal Vol.28 No.2

A scanning probe mounted on a field-effect transistor: Characterization of ion damage in Si

Shin, Kumjae,Lee, Hoontaek,Sung, Min,Lee, Sang hoon,Shin, Hyunjung,Moon, Wonkyu Elsevier 2017 Micron Vol.101 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have examined the capabilities of a Tip-On-Gate of Field-Effect Transistor (ToGoFET) probe for characterization of FIB-induced damage in Si surface. A ToGoFET probe is the SPM probe which the Field Effect Transistor(FET) is embedded at the end of a cantilever and a Pt tip was mounted at the gate of FET. The ToGoFET probe can detect the surface electrical properties by measuring source-drain current directly modulated by the charge on the tip. In this study, a Si specimen whose surface was processed with Ga+ ion beam was prepared. Irradiation and implantation with Ga+ ions induce highly localized modifications to the contact potential. The FET embedded on ToGoFET probe detected the surface electric field profile generated by schottky contact between the Pt tip and the sample surface. Experimentally, it was shown that significant differences of electric field due to the contact potential barrier in differently processed specimens were observed using ToGOFET probe. This result shows the potential that the local contact potential difference can be measured by simple working principle with high sensitivity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We propose a method for characterization of ion damage in Si using a Tip-on-Gate of Field-Effect Transistor (ToGoFET) probe. </LI> <LI> We fabricated a ToGoFET probe embedded with an ion-implanted metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET) for efficient transduction of the electrical signal at the probe tip. </LI> <LI> The ToGoFET probe can detect the surface electrical properties by measuring source-drain current directly modulated by the charge on the tip. </LI> <LI> The FET embedded on ToGoFET probe detected the surface electric field profile generated by schottky contact between the Pt tip and the sample surface. </LI> <LI> This result shows the potential that the local contact potential difference can be measured by simple working principle with high sensitivity. </LI> </UL> </P>

Reading과 관련된 Listening comprehension의 문제점 고찰

鄭金子,金英姬,申如仙 淑明女子大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The present paper is an attempt to analyze the types of difficulties which college freshmen learning English may experience with listening materials in the language laboratory. The basic assumptions here are (1) that college freshmen have already had six years of learning experience by the time they enter a college and acquired considerable proficiency in English, (2) that since their previous experience is mainly in written skills and almost none in listening, their listening abillity is frustratingly low compared with their relatively high reading ability, and (3) that if we admit that "reading is the process of transfer from sounds to written symbols" as Fries has said, this process of listening might be considered to be that of the transfer from written symbols to sounds. During the process some aspect of their previous experience in English may facillitate their listening comprehension in terms of grammar and vocabulary, but other aspects such as incorrect pronunciation and wrong reading habits may interfere with the development of oral skills in English. The procedures followed in the analysis are: The setting up of the hypotheses <Chapter Ⅱ>. The construction of tests based on the hypotheses. and the administration of the test to a group of freshmen at Sookmyung Wemen's University chosen at random <Chapter Ⅲ>, and the analysis and interpretation of the results of the test a copy of which will be found at the end of the present paper. The six hypotheses are the following: 1. Listening comprehension may be low when students cannot distinguish English sounds at both the phonemic and the allophonic levels. 2. Listening comprehension may be low when students have acquired incorrect pronunciations of English words through reading. 3. Listening comprehension may be low when numbers and dates are presented orally in English. 4. Listening comprehension may be low when individual words are blended in phrases and sentences. 5. Listening comprehension may be low when students are not thoroughly familiar with basic sentence patterns. 6. Listening comprehension may be low when sentences are long or structurally complicated. In conclusion, the results of the test validate the above mentioned hypotheses on the whole, and the students' proficiency which has been acquired mainly through reading seems to facilitate their listening. Their exclusive experience with written scripts, however, cause peculiar types of difficulties on the other hand. Presented in the degree of sericusness, they are difficulties in blending, the most serious, with numbers and dates, followed by wrong pronunciation acquired through reading, and with phoneme distinction, the least sericus, which however, constitutes a problem because after one semester's systematic practice, our students still have difficulties in this area.

음절이론 연구

정금자 淑明女子大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Although the syllable has been mentioned as a significant unit in phonological studies, there is no agreed definition of this unit larger than the segment and smaller than the word, and no formal means of referring to it as a unit. Recently there arose attempts to define the syllable formally by rules and prove it a useful unit in linguistic description. Kahn among them tried to establish a thery of syllabic phonology. He defined syllable structures by applying syllable structure assignment rules, setting up a new tier, the syllable tier, other than the segmental tier. He justified formally the recognition of the syllable in phonological theory by discussing a large number of phonological processes of English. The purpose of this paper is to make a study on the syllable according to Kahn's theory of syllabic phonology and show the superiority of nonlinear description over the linear approach in phonological description. In the first chapter, definition and uses of the syllable as a phonological unit are observed. In Chapter 2, universal svllabication rules and syllable structure assignment rules are examined along with syllable structure constraints. In Chapter 3, some of the phonological processes of English such as aspiration, glotalization and flapped/t/are discussed, and finally, advantages of syllabic phonology, especially of Kahn's theory are mentioned in the last chapter.

高等敎育을 받은 女性의 生活과 意識에 관한 調査硏究

金光雄,鄭金子 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1983 아시아여성연구 Vol.22 No.-

The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze corroborative data on the life and values of female college graduates: what family and social life they have been leading and what value orientation they have. A questionaire constructed by the authors was administered to a sample of 3047 graduates of Sookmyung Women's University. Out of the total number of the response sheets returned only 684 were valid, which comprises 22.5 percent of the originally intended size of the sample. Such low percentage seems to result from the facts that the questionairing was conducted by mail and that the questions were rather lengthy and complicated to fill out. The method of analysis followed is first to count the number and compute the percentage of each checked item of multiple choice questions, and second to score each item of the scale evaluation questions and calculate the average and standard deviation. Controlled variances considered were age, major field of study, state of employment, marital status, attitudes...etc. In case of need X²test or F test through analysis of variance were conducted also. Summarized in the following are the results of the study: 1.Almost all the graduates were found to be married under 30 years of age. 405 subjects were married (59.2%), 271 not married yet (39.6%), and 8 single separated by death or divorce (1.2%). Only 14 subjects over thirty were unmarried (4.8%). 2.Many of the graduates were found to be in employment. 403 subjects were being employed at the time of qucstionairing (58.9%). 3.Pharmacy majors showed the highest percentage of employment (85.7%), and others an average percent of 50-60. 4.74 percent of the subjects' fathers and 43 percent of the mothers had a formal education of high school and above. 5.Occupations of the subjects' parents were mostly self-sustaining business (26.9%) and. professional management (26.1%). 6.The subjects' mothers showed relatively high ratio of employment (27.7%). 7.Subjects were married mostly at the age of 25-27 years in average, and their spouse at 27-31 showing, 2-4 years of age discrepancy. Especially the age group of 41-45 appeared to be married at the average age of 29.2 which was markedly higher than those of the other groups. 8.The average number of children the subjects had were 2-4 showing decreasing tendency with younger age groups. 9.99 percent of their husbands were college graduates, and their occupations presented in the order of percentage were professional management (44.1%), general business (12.8%), self sustaining, business (11.4%), and technical profession (9.6%). 70 percent had an average monthly income of 500, 000-1,500,000won and 11.3 percent earned over 2,000,000won. 10.58 percent of the subjects lived in a separate house, 42 percent in an apartment house. 88.4 percent owned a house and 9.2 percent lented. 11.53.1 percent of the employed were engaged in technical profession in which category teaching profession was included. 17.8 percent in general business, and 14.4 percent in liberal profession where running of a drugstore was included. They started to work between the ages of a 23-26 and obtained the present position between 25-30. 12.21.6 percent of the employed obtained the job by the help of the vocational adviser, 17.7 percent through public competition, 15.9 percent own a private business, 11.4 percent applied individually, 10.4 percent helped by their relatives, and 7.3 percent by their parents. Among the groups of over 36 years of age were seen a very few instances of attending to the family profession. 13.Major causes of resignation were marriage (51.7%), childbirth and child care (12.4%). 14.The dominant motive of seeking a job was a desire for self-actualization rather than financial causes. 38.7 percent took a job in order to utilize own ability, skills and experiences, 15.4 percent to be economically independent, 12.2 percent to experience self-satisfaction by working, and 11.4 percent to contribute to the society. 15.Reasons for not having a job were marriage, child-care and housework (48.3%), no appropriate job (43.7%), and traditional notion that women should stay in the home (2.4%). 80-90 percent of the jobless subjects under the age of 35 were eager to work. 16.Approximately 70 percent of the subjects now working wished to continue their career in any forms in the future. On the other hand only 5.6 percent wanted to give up their job when their financial needs were satisfied. 17.Types of difficulties working women experience showed diversity according to the age and marital status of the subjects. While those young or unmarried complained of the lack of leasure time for hobby, older groups appealed that they were short of time for house-keeping, child caring, and keeping the family relationship smooth. Regardless of age groups, 20-40 percent of the total subjects complained of fatigue. Health problems of working mothers appears to be very serious. 18.There was found a close correlation between the rate of employment and the marital status. 80.3 percent of the subjects working were unmarried and 46.8 percent married. The result of our research in this respect agrees with that of the study done by a Japanese women's university. 19.A statistically significant difference was noticed in the number of children between the two groups with and without job. The average number of children was 2.28 for working mothers and 2.56 for non working group. 20.In taking care of preschool children during the working hours other faminy members were asked to help(50.7%), a baby sitter was employed(29%), and day care facilities were utilized (2.2%), The last figure was in sharp contrast with the high percentage of Japan (38.5%). 21.Though husband's low income seems to have something to do with the high rate of wife's employment, it can not be said to be the primary factor in this matter. Working carrer of the subject's mother in the past appeared to have no relation with that of the subject. 22.About 30 percent of the subjects graduated from a graduate school, half of which studied in the graduate school of Sookmyung Women's University. 90 percent of the non working subjects wished to participate unpaid in the social work other than academic studies. 23.It was found to be desirable for women to work except the child caring period. Especially the unmarried were stronger in support of working women. 28.6 percent of the husbands objected to working wife, and the rest were in either strong support or neutral. 24.Subjects' positive attitude toward working women and their husband's support had close correlation with the high rate of married women's employment. 25.Older groups tended to show higher expectations and emotional attachment to their children. Working mothers seemed to have the same tendency more than those not working did. 26.About 60-70 percent had an opinion that women should work not confining themselves to child -caring and house keeping. The unmarried tended to be in stronger support of working mother. 27.Values of life were economic value (36.1%), self-satisfaction (40.5%) and social value (14.5%). 28.Those younger or having a job had a less discriminating sexrole concept. Father's education and the subject's major field of study seemed to play no role in forming the subject's sex role concept. 29.The means of living in widowhood were well prepared (20-30%), earning by herself(40-50%), being supported by children (10-20%) and no means (below 10%). 30.70,80 percent of the subjects whose spouse alive, wished to live themselves alone apart from their children. As a widow, 50-60 percent planned to live together with their children. Whether the subject had income or not did not affect the response in this respect. 31.70-80 percent of the subjecs recognized the usefulness of specialized college education, especially 90 percent of working graduates accepted it as useful. Listed according to the major fields of study, the percentages of recognition were Pharmacy majors (98%), Arts and Physical Education majors (84.6%), Home Economics majors (79.8%), Liberal arts (77.4%), Political Science and Business Administration majors (67.5%) and Sciences (64.6%). 32.60-80 percent showed a positive response to the usefulness of general education of college to enhance general culture. The degree of recognition rose higher in proportion to the age of the subject. Political Science and Business Administration majors(72.6%), Arts and Physical Education majors (70.5%), Liberal Arts majors (70.2%), Pharmacy majors (69.9?), Home Economics majors (61.7%) and Sciences majors (59.2%). 33.Wishes of the subjects as an alumnus on Sookmyung Women's University were the in augurating of night School (30.5%), local campus (21.5%), coeducation (13.8%), etc.

CMOS 표준 공정을 통한 SPM 프로브의 제작 및 그 성능 평가

이훈택 ( Hoontaek Lee ),김준수 ( Junsoo Kim ),신금재 ( Kumjae Shin ),문원규 ( Wonkyu Moon ) 한국센서학회 2021 센서학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In this paper, we report the fabrication of the tip-on-gate of a field-effect-transistor (ToGoFET) probe using a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process and the performance evaluation of the fabricated probe. After the CMOS process, I-V characteristic measurement was performed on the reference MOSFET. We confirmed that the ToGoFET probe could be operated at a gate voltage of 0 V due to channel ion implantation. The transconductance at the operating point (Vg = 0 V, Vd = 2 V) was 360 μA/ V. After the fabrication process was completed, calibration was performed using a pure metal sample. For sensitivity calibration, the relationship between the input voltage of the sample and the output current of the probe was determined and the result was consistent with the measurement result of the reference MOSFET. An oxide sample measurement was performed as an example of an application of the new ToGoFET probe. According to the measurement, the ToGoFET probe could spatially resolve a hundred nanometers with a height of a few nanometers in both the topographic image and the ToGoFET image.

Sex-Specific Nutritional Stress on Humeri among the Crystal River Archaeological Population in Central Florida

변주나(Byun Juna),박문희(Munhee Park),김금재(Kumjae Kim),최일림(Ilrim Choi) 대한체질인류학회 1998 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.11 No.1

12,000년에서 7,000년 전 사이에 생존하였던 것으록 알려진 미국의 중앙프로리다 카누인골 78기를 중심으로 선사인골 스트레스 연구모델을 적용하여 ( 대한체질인류학회지 10(1) 125-143 1997년 장조 ) 91년 2월부터 92 년 2 월 까지 실시한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다 상완골의 septal aperture 의 발생빈도는 영양상태 판정 지표인 cortical thickness 정도와는 유의한 역 상관관계를 보이는 반면에 공의 활동량의 지표로 간주되는 8개의 장대함 (skeletal robuscity) 변수들과는 상관관계를 보이 지 않았다 또한 septal aperture 와 corttcal thickness 는 성별로 유의한 차이를 보였는데 septal aperture 논 여 성 (71 5%) 에서 남생 (28 6%) 보다2 5 배 정도 빈발하였으며 corttcal thickness 는 여성 (264mm) 이 남생 (5 28 mm) 보다 2배 정도 앓았다 위계적 다중회귀분석을 한 결과 성별과 corttcal thickness 의 차이만으로도 septal aperture 발생반도의 331% 흘 설명하고 있었다。 이러한 결과는 septal aperture 의 발생원인올 남성의 신체적 활동량 증가로 인한 골의 장대함때문으로 보는 기존의 성과는 사뭇 다른 것이다. 따라서 본 연구결과에 따른 새로운 설호는 septal aperture 발생원인은 골조직이 형성될 시기의 영양상태의 악파 (malnutntIOn) 때문이라 할 수 있다. 특히 여성인골에서 빈발한다는 정에서 보면 유아기 및 이유기 여아에게 있었을 성차별에 의한 상대적 식품바탕 (food depnvation) 에 의한 여아들의 영양상태의 악화로 인한 골조직의 이상이 성장 후 그 흔적을 상완골에 남긴 것이라 할 수 있다 그러나 이러한 가성을 입증하기 위해서는 성별로 다양한 영양스트레스 지표들에 대한 폭넓은 추후 연구가 필요하다.

Numerical Study on the Performance of Advanced Adsorption Chiller Incorporating Electromagnetic-activated Desorption

Seung Jin Oh(오승진),M KumJa,Yeongmin Kim(김영민),Yoon Jung Ko(고윤정),Yongwoo Yang(양용우),Nagyeong Kim(김나경),Seungchan Park(박승찬) 한국유체기계학회 2022 한국유체기계학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

재한 중국 조선족 근로자들의 신체증후군에 관한 연구

김소정(Sojung Kim),변주나(Juna Byun),김금재(Kumjae Kim),서인선(Insun Surh) 대한스트레스학회 1997 스트레스硏究 Vol.5 No.1

선사인류 스트레스연구를 위한 생물ㆍ문화적 접근방안에 관한 고찰

변주나(Juna Byun),박문희(Munhee Park),김금재(KumJae kim) 대한체질인류학회 1997 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.10 No.1

생물학적 인류와 문화적 인류의 관계 (biocultral relation)를 규명하기 위하여 인류의 생존기술혁명으로 간주되고 있는 농업혁명이 구석기 수렵ㆍ체집인류의 건강과 질병에 미친 영향을 과학적 방법으로 입증해 보았다. 이를 위하여 선사사람뼈 연구를 위한 스트레스 모델과 연구방법을 소개한 다음 구석기 사람뼈 및 치아와 농경기 사람뼈 및 치아와 농경기 사람뼈 및 치아에 농경기 사람뼈 및 치아에 남겨진 스트레스 지표들을 비교한 기존 연구결과들을 중심으로 그 결과를 토론하였다. 이들 기존 연구에 따르면 구속기 사람뼈에서 보다 농경사람뼈에서 영양 및 질병 스트레스 지표들이 유의하게 높게 나타나고 있다는 결론이다. 이러한 현상은 곧 인류의 생존기술문화발달과 인류의 생물학적 삶의 질은 역 상관 관계가 있음을 의미한다. 다시 말하면, 「인류의 문화발달사는 인류의 뼈에 사무치는 생물학적 댓가를 치르고서야 이루어져 왔다」는 새로운 사실에 대한 학계의 재해석이 요구된다.