<가짜열녀이야기>의 형성 맥락과 전승 의미

곽성민(Kwak Sung Min) 한국문학회 2016 韓國文學論叢 Vol.74 No.-

본 연구는 <가짜열녀이야기>를 다각도로 살펴, 이야기를 구전한 사람들의 생각을 알아 보는 것을 목적으로 한다. <가짜열녀이야기>는 조선후기 생성, 전승된 열녀이야기 중 하나로 당대의 사회적 병폐를 여과없이 드러냈다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 특히 이 이야기만의 독특한 서사구조를 통해 조선후기 사회의 한 단면을 구체적으로 보이고 있기 때문에, 그 서사구조와 전승양상으로 당시 민중들의 의식을 파악할 수 있다. 첫째, <가짜열녀이야기>는 대부분이 유사한 서사구조를 공유하며 구전되고 있기 때문에 처음 형성될 당시의 서사구조가 큰 변화 없이 굳어져 현재까지 전승되고 있다. 그래서 공통적인 서사구조를 바탕으로 다른 설화와의 연관관계를 살필 수 있다. 이로 볼 때, <가짜열녀이야기>는 아지설화와의 영향관계 아래 형성된 것으로 파악된다. 둘째, <가짜열녀이야기>의 전승의식을 정확하게 연구하기 위해서는 중심 인물인 현풍곽씨 가문의 어린아이와 박문수 사이에서 벌어지는 사건들을 중심으로 살펴보아야 한다. 특히 <가짜열녀이야기>는 대부분이 현풍곽씨와 결부되어 나타나기 때문에 그 이유를 정확하게 연구할 필요가 있다. 이것은 먼저 현풍 곽씨 가문에 대한 비판적 인식이다. 조선 후기 열녀를 대표하는 가문으로 전국적인 위상을 자랑하고 있던 현풍 곽씨 가문이었기 때문에 그에 대한 대항적 의식의 하나로 그들을 비판하고 있다. 겉으로 드러나는 의식은 현풍 곽씨에 대한 비판이지만 실상 현풍곽씨를 상징적으로 활용하여 당대의 폐단에 대한 비판적 의식을 가진 것이다. 셋째, 여성을 철저하게 타자화시키고 남성적 시각으로 서사 전반을 전개시키고 있는 이유에 대한 고찰이 필요하다. 조선 후기 열녀는 대부분이 죽음으로 완성된다. 초기의 열녀는 유교적 덕목의 실천만으로도 정려를 받았다면, 두 번의 전쟁이 있은 후 죽음이 곧 열녀라는 인식이 생기면서 열녀 정려에 허술함이 생겨버렸다. <가짜열녀이야기>에서도 간부가 손쉽게 정려를 받는 것은 죽었기 때문이다. 이러한 열녀 정려에 대한 허술함을 사람들은 비판하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to search in various ways the thoughts of the people who handed down orally <Sham heroine tales>. <Sham heroine tales> is one of the heroin tales which had been made and handed down orally in the late Jeoson dynasty. It has an important meaning that revealed social ills of the time. Especially it reveals specifically a section of the society in the late Joeson dynasty with a unique narrative structure, we can find out people s consciousness by the unique narrative structure and transmitter s aspect. First, Because most of <Sham heroine tales> had been handed down orally sharing similar narrative structure, the narrative structure of the beginning of at that time has been transmitted until now without a great change. So, we can identify a link between <Sham heroine tales> and other folk tales based on a common narrative structure. Judging from this, it is seized that <Sham heroine tales> was built under <Children s Wisdom story> s influence. Second, it needs to examin around the incidents between a child of Hyeonpung kwak s family and Park munsu who are the main characters to study accurately the transmitter s consciousness. Especially because <Sham heroine tales> is linked with Hyeonpung kwak‘s family, the reason is to be studied. In the first place, the main reason is critical perception about Hyeonpung kwak s family. Because Hyeonpung kwak s family that had a high position throughout the country represented virtuous women in the late Jeoson dynasty, it is revealed a criticism against Hyeonpung kwak s family. In fact, it revealed a criticism against negative effects at that time, albeit Hyeonpung kwak s family comes up to the surface by using Hyeonpung kwak s family symbolically. Third, It needs an exact understanding about the act burning Bound by Chastity Rule. Most of the virtuous women in the late Jeoson dynasty concluded by death. Though in the early, a virtuous woman got commendation as practicing confucian virtue, after two wars assignment of the qualification of a virtuous woman became loose appearing a perception that death equals a virtuous woman. In <Sham heroine tales> a wicked woman got easily commendation with death. So people criticize slackness of a virtuous woman commendation.

The Development of Software Pricing Schemata and Its Application to Software Industry in Korea

Kwak,Youngsik,Lee,Yunkyung,Kwak,Yoonsik 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2010 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.3 No.1

임진왜란기 곽재우장군의 섬김리더십에 관한 연구

곽효문 ( Hyo Moon Kwak ) 한국행정사학회 2013 韓國行政史學誌 Vol.33 No.-

조선조의 최대 외침인 임진왜란을 물리칠 수 있었던 배경에는 각 지방의 사민군(士民軍)으로 편성된 의병활동에 크게 의존하였다고 볼 수 있다. 미증유의 국난을 극복할 수 있었던 여러 요인을 논의할 때 혹은 그 배경은 의병의 봉기가 결정적이었다고 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 봉기의 승인(勝因)은 의병을 이끈 서번트 리더십을 통해서만이 가능한 일이었다고 할 수 있다. 당시에 확립된 의병의 전통은 항일독립군의 모태가 되었다. 이와 같이 오랜 의병의 역사로 인하여 특유의 의병정신이 조성되어 승패를 가리지 않고 결사감전(決死敢戰)하는 것이 의병의 본분이라 여기게 되었다. 당시의 대표적인 의병장인 곽재우의 의병 정신은 한민족의 특성이라고까지 말해도 지나치지 않다고 말할 수 있다. In the background that Korea could overcome Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, which was the most dangerous foreign invasion, there was an important role of righteous army consisting of classical scholars and general people of each area. When mentioning various factors to overcome unexampled national crisis, the uprising of righteous army was decisive. The cause of victory in the uprising of righteous army was only available through servant leadership of the leader. The tradition of righteous army that was established in the time became the matrix of anti-Japanese independence army. Because of the long history of righteous army, unique righteous army spirit was formed. Therefore, it was considered that the desperate fighting was the essence of righteous army regardless of victory. It was not excessive to say that the righteous army spirit of righteous army leader Kwak-Jaewoo was the example of servant leadership.

Case of Cargo Collided with Unlicensed Vehicle

Kwak,Young-Arm,Cho,Young-Sang 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

If a contracting goods destroyed or delivered lately, seller, buyer and carrier duly faces a lot of big trouble that causes in turn claims of cargo and indemnification on the basis of both sales agreement (contract) and transit agreement. In view of this, this study analyzes case of accident between cargo truck and rental car in South Korea. From this, with a view to reducing any possible accidents caused by unlicensed driver and an illegal use of other’s name, particularly by teenage, this paper proposes some ideas.

An Analysis of Korean Generic Interpretations

Kwak,Eun-Joo 한국언어학회 2009 언어 Vol.34 No.2

Semantic research on generics has centered on the existence of a determiner in a generic NP because generics are mostly presented in bare plurals in English and in definite NPs in Romance languages. Hence, generic sentences in languages without determiners require special treatment. This study reviews previous theoretical analyses of generic interpretations in determiner-less languages and proposes that countability in Korean is determined by humanness. Given the distinction between count and mass nouns, generic interpretations in Korean reveal patterns similar to those found in English.

古小說의 發生論에 대한 硏究史的 檢討

곽정식 慶星大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.20 No.2

This treatise is attempted to discuss about the evolution theory of Korean old traditional fiction. I epitomize the subject matters which are discussed in the upper parts a following. 1. The Legendary-genesis theory was very early presented by TaeJun Kin, and continually asserted by HeeSoong Lee, OwangSan Joo, YounJae Cho, SoungOui Pak, KiHyong Shin, YoeulKyu Kim, DoakSun Jang, KyuBok Jung etc. In addition, It was formulated as 'Legendary→Fiction' or 'Legendary→KaJounChe(imitation biography style)→fiction'. 2. The Biography-genesis theory was first presented by JongOub Cho and it was manifested all the more by JungSik Kwak. In other word, The Korean old traditional fiction was orignated on the narrative-literary refraction and transition of the biography. 3. The problem point at issue in the legendary-genesis theory is that the all of assertions was belong to the material for literary treatment. therefore There is the distinctly limitations on the legendary-genesis theory. In next, The darwinism which the legendary is switched over fiction, or ascended, developmented, must be conquered quickly. 4. Finally, We must correct the fixed idea of objectivity in the history-interpretations and study continually on the biography. only so, A developmental prospect will be rised to us about the genesis theory of the korean old traditional fiction.

초음파 장에서 진동하는 기포의 온도분포 및 기포로 부터의 열전달

류제청,양 협,곽호영 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1992 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.22 No.-

Gas bubble behavior immersed in liquid under high intensity ultrasonic field was studied using the self-consistent model developed by Ryu and Kwak. Under the periodic ultrasonic field with amplitude of 110kPa and frequency of 20kHz, the temperature at the center air bubble with equilibrium radius of 20㎛ reached as high as 4500 ~ 6800K at the time of bubble collapse. The heat flux from the bubble to the surrounding fluid by conduction is about 46.2 ~ 290MW/㎡ at this stage. Calculation results support the hot spot theory which states that the phenomenon of sonoluminescence is due to chemiluminescence by the high temperature of gas inside bubble.

반응표면을 활용한 통계적 모멘트 추정 방법과 신뢰도해석에 적용

허재성(Jae-Sung Huh),곽병만(Byung-Man Kwak) 대한기계학회 2004 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2004 No.11

A new and efficient method for estimating the statistical moments of a system performance function has been developed. The method consists of two steps: (1) An approximate response surface is generated by a quadratic regression model, and (2) the statistical moments of the regression model are then calculated by experimental design techniques proposed by Seo and Kwak⑷. In this approach, the size of experimental region affects the accuracy of the statistical moments. Therefore, the region size should be selected suitably. The D-optimal design and the central composite design are adopted over the selected experimental region for the regression model. Finally, the Pearson system is adopted to decide the distribution type of the system performance function and to analyze structural reliability.

Peripheral Blood NK Cells Reflect Changes in Decidual NK Cells in Women With Recurrent Miscarriages

Park, Dong Wook,Lee, Hyun Joo,Park, Chan Woo,Hong, Sung Ran,Kwak-Kim, Joanne,Yang, Kwang Moon Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 American journal of reproductive immunology Vol.63 No.2

<P><B>Citation</B> Park DW, Lee HJ, Park CW, Hong SR, Kwak-Kim J, Yang KM. Peripheral blood NK cells reflect changes in decidual NK cells in women with recurrent miscarriages. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 173–180</P><P>Problem </P><P>We aimed to investigate if peripheral blood natural killer (pNK) cell levels are correlated with decidual NK (dNK) cell levels, and if chemokine expression has any role in dNK cell regulation.</P><P>Method of study </P><P>Decidual tissues of women having two or more miscarriages with normal karyotype were collected after miscarriage and an immuno-histochemisty study was made. pNK cells were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis.</P><P>Results </P><P>The %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP> and %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP>/16<SUP>+</SUP> pNK cells showed a significant correlation with mean number of CD56<SUP>+</SUP> dNK cells. The number of decidual CD16<SUP>+</SUP> cells was significantly higher in women with elevated pNK (≥15%) than that of normal pNK (<15%). The %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP> and %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP>/16<SUP>+</SUP> pNK cells showed an inverse correlation with duration of gestation. The CCL3<SUP>+</SUP> and CXCL12<SUP>+</SUP> cells were present in the decidua; however, staining intensity was not correlated with number of dNK cells.</P><P>Conclusion </P><P>The pNK cell levels reflect changes in dNK cell levels. This implicates that pNK cell level is a clinically useful marker to predict pregnancy outcome. Further study is needed to examine if elevated pNK cells enhance recruitment of dNK cells in the decidua.</P>

한국인에 있어서 상부식도의 이소성 위점막의 빈도 및 임상적 양상

이동욱(Dong Wook Lee),김은영(Eun Young Kim),박정모(Jung Mo Park),이원석(Won Suk Lee),곽동협(Dong Hyup Kwak),김정희(Jung Hee Kim) 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.54 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the incidence and the clinical significance of inlet patch of heterotopic gastric mucosa in Koreans. This lesion can be found by close observation around the upper esophageal sphincter during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: From March 1, 1996 to July 8, 1996, at Kwak's hospital, randomly selected 271 patients undergoing routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included in this study. Patients with the inlet patch were confirmed by histology. Clinical symptoms observed through medical history were recorded. Results: Twenty-six cases(9.6%) of the 271 patients studied had heterotopic gastric mucosa which was found at or just below the upper esophageal sphincter, varing from 3 to 30mm in diameter. It was velvety red in color and distinct from the surrounding normal squamous esophageal mucosa, resembling the Z-line at the esophagogastric junction. Parietal cells were identified in all 18 cases in which biopsy specimen contained deep glands, and chief cells were found in 14 eases. Histologically, fundic gland type was most frequent. The symptoms were relatively mild, 5 out of 6 patients who complained of throat discomfort were relieved by H2 antagonists. Conclusion: In Koreans the incidence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus was similar to the reports from western countries unlike Barrett's esophagus, The etiology of these patches appeared to be congenital rather than acquired from reflux of gastric acid. This was supported by its location in the proximal esophagus and lack of correlation with reflux esophagitis. It must be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of a patient who complains of throat discomfort during diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Attention needs to be paid to find possible development of complications such as stricture and adenocarcinoma in patients with the inlet patch of heterotopic gastric mucosa.