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Kunhee Kim,Cheolyeung Jang 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.10 No.4
The purpose of this study is to review the appropriateness of deploying private security guards using SMS emotional language analysis at the current assembly and demonstration sites, which rely only on the police force, and to suggest a plan. Therefore, it is intended to contribute to suppressing the problems at the assembly and demonstration sites and present a new paradigm for responding to the assembly and demonstration sites based on the study's results. First, it is necessary to prepare a legal basis for the deployment of private security guards in the ‘Security Services Industry Act’ and ‘Assembly and a Demonstration Act’. Second, there is a need for a ‘security company selection criteria’ for selecting security companies with a lot of experience, such as collective civil petition sites and security for national critical facilities (special security services). Third, it is necessary to prepare financial resources for the deployment of private security guards. This study is expected to serve as a new cornerstone for effective management of assembly and demonstration sites through mutual complementation of the police and private security.
Kim, Young-Sang,Lee, Soo-Hyun,Park, Seung Geon,Won, Bo Youn,Chun, Hyejin,Cho, Doo-Yeoun,Kim, Moon-Jong,Lee, Ji Eun,Haam, Ji-Hee,Han, Kunhee Elsevier 2020 clinical and experimental Vol.103 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>While weight gain is known as a predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, it remains controversial whether adipokine levels predict the development of NAFLD. We aimed to investigate the relationship of total adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, and leptin with the development and improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) independent of sex and weight change over a maximum of 8.5 years.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This prospective study enrolled 2735 participants in a hospital health check-up setting. Adipokine levels were measured at baseline. NAFL was assessed with liver ultrasonography, and the development or improvement of NAFL was determined by repeated ultrasonography at follow-ups.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Cross-sectional analyses revealed that total and HMW adiponectin levels were inversely associated with NAFL prevalence. In longitudinal analyses, the incidence of NAFL was 5.6 per 100-person-years during the observation period. The hazard ratios (HRs) per 1 μg/mL increase in the levels of total and HMW adiponectin were 0.900 (0.836–0.969) and 0.846 (0.754–0.948), respectively. Sex-stratified analyses showed that total and HMW adiponectin levels were significantly related to NAFL incidence only in women. In the subgroup of minimal weight change, only HMW adiponectin was a significant predictor for NAFL. Leptin predicted NAFL in the subgroup with weight gain. The improvement of NAFL was influenced by weight change, but not by adipokine levels.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Low levels of total and HMW adiponectin may predict the development of NAFL independent of pathophysiological factors including obesity and insulin resistance. This predictability was evident in women. Leptin was a significant predictor for NAFL in the subjects with weight gain.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Low levels of total and HMW adiponectin may predict the development of NAFL. </LI> <LI> Sex difference exists in the relationship between adiponectin and NAFL incidence. </LI> <LI> Leptin may be a significant predictor for NAFL in the subjects with weight gain. </LI> <LI> Weight reduction, but not adipokines, is associated with the improvement of NAFL. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim, Hakin,Kim, Kunhee,Han, Buhm Korea Genome Organization 2022 Genomics & informatics Vol.20 No.1
Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variation as a natural experiment to investigate the causal effects of modifiable risk factors (exposures) on outcomes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) is widely used to measure causal effects between exposures and outcomes via genome-wide association studies. 2SMR can increase statistical power by utilizing summary statistics from large consortia such as the UK Biobank. However, the first-order term approximation of standard error is commonly used when applying 2SMR. This approximation can underestimate the variance of causal effects in MR, which can lead to an increased false-positive rate. An alternative is to use the second-order approximation of the standard error, which can considerably correct for the deviation of the first-order approximation. In this study, we simulated MR to show the degree to which the first-order approximation underestimates the variance. We show that depending on the specific situation, the first-order approximation can underestimate the variance almost by half when compared to the true variance, whereas the second-order approximation is robust and accurate.
Exosomal PD-L1 promotes tumor growth through immune escape in non-small cell lung cancer
Dong Ha Kim,HyeongRyul Kim,Yun Jung Choi,Seon Ye Kim,Jung Eun Lee,Ki Jung Sung,Young Hoon Sung,Chan-Gi Pack,Min Kyo Jung,Buhm Han,Kunhee Kim,Woo Sung Kim,Soo Jeong Nam,Chang Min Choi,Miyong Yun,Jae Ch 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-
Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway blockade is a promising new cancer therapy. Although PD-1/PD-L1 treatment has yielded clinical benefits in several types of cancer, further studies are required to clarify predictive biomarkers for drug efficacy and to understand the fundamental mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction between host and tumor cells. Here, we show that exosomes derived from lung cancer cells express PD-L1 and play a role in immune escape by reducing T-cell activity and promoting tumor growth. The abundance of PD-L1 on exosomes represented the quantity of PD-L1 expression on cell surfaces. Exosomes containing PD-L1 inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by Jurkat T cells. IFN-γ secretion was restored by PD-L1 knockout or masking on the exosomes. Both forced expression of PD-L1 on cells without PD-L1 and treatment with exosomes containing PD-L1 enhanced tumor growth in vivo. PD-L1 was present on exosomes isolated from the plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and its abundance in exosomes was correlated with PD-L1 positivity in tumor tissues. Exosomes can impair immune functions by reducing cytokine production and inducing apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. Our findings indicate that tumor-derived exosomes expressing PD-L1 may be an important mediator of tumor immune escape.
스마트폰 무선전력전송 효율의 균일화를 위한 3차원 자기 공진 코일 및 벅 컨버터 설계
김민구(Min Gu Kim),김윤우(Yoon Woo Kim),조건희(Kunhee Cho),최준림(Jun Rim Choi) 대한전자공학회 2020 전자공학회논문지 Vol.57 No.12
본 논문에서는 스마트폰의 자기 공진 방식의 무선전력전송 효율의 균일화를 위한 3차원 공진 코일 구조와 전류 모드 DC-DC 벅 컨버터를 설계하고 측정하였다. 송신 코일은 원통형태의 컵 홀더에 3 면으로 분할하여 설계하고, 수신 코일이 컵 내부에서 스마트폰 또는 웨어러블 기기를 충전할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 송신 코일은 높이 100 mm, 지름 100 mm로 원통형 구조를 사용하였고, 수신 코일은 40㎜×40㎜의 평면 스파이럴 코일 구조로 설계하였다. 커패시터를 연결하여 공진주파수 13.56 MHz로 조정하며, 수신 코일의 각도와 위치 변화에 따른 전송효율을 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통해 최적화 설계를 수행하였다. 송신코일 내부에서 수신 코일이 60° 각도로 있을 때 77.1 % 효율과, 송신코일 내부 모든 위치에서 60 % 이상의 전송효율을 얻었다. 전류모드 DC-DC 벅 컨버터는 0.18 μm CMOS 공정을 이용하여 설계하였으며 DC-DC 컨버터의 스위칭 주파수를 3 MHz로 동작시킬 수 있었다. In this paper, the resonance coil structure for magnetic resonance-type uniform wireless power transmission, and current-mode DC-DC buck converter are designed. The transmission coil is designed in a cylindrical shape with a height of 100 mm and a diameter of 100 mm, and the receiving coil is inserted inside to charge smartphones and medical devices. The receiving coils are designed in a flat spiral coil structure of 40㎜×40㎜. A capacitor is connected to adjust the resonant frequency of 13.56 MHz, and the transmission efficiency according to the angle and location of the receiving coil is optimized by the simulation and experiment. The peak efficiency of 77.1 % is achieved when the receiving coil is at an angle of 60° inside the transmitting coil while above the efficiency of 60 % is obtained at all locations inside the transmitting coil. To provide a stable DC voltage from the coil output, a step-down DC-DC converter is required. The current-mode DC-DC buck converter is designed in 0.18 μm CMOS process and the switching frequency is set to operate at 3 MHz.