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Park, Se Jin,Jeon, Hyo Sang,Cho, Jin Woo,Hwang, Yun Jeong,Park, Kyung Su,Shim, Hyeong Seop,Song, Jae Kyu,Cho, Yunae,Kim, Dong-Wook,Kim, Jihyun,Min, Byoung Koun American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.49
<P>Significant enhancement of solution-processed CuInxGa1-x(Se,S)(2) (CIGSSe) thin-film solar cell performance was achieved by inducing a band gap gradient in the film thickness, which was triggered by the chalcogenization process. Specifically, after the preparation of an amorphous mixed oxide film of Cu, In, and Ga by a simple paste coating method chalcogenization under Se vapor, along with the flow of dilute H2S gas, resulted in the formation of CIGSSe films with graded composition distribution: S-rich top, In- and Se-rich middle, and Ga- and S-rich bottom. This uneven compositional distribution was confirmed to lead to a band gap gradient in the film, which may also be responsible for enhancement in the open circuit voltage and reduction in photocurrent loss, thus increasing the overall efficiency. The highest power conversion efficiency of 11.7% was achieved with J(sc) of 28.3 mA/cm(2), V-oc of 601 mV, and FF of 68.6%.</P>
윤종선,김익환,신세균,심우경,이철희,신영철 韓國植物ㆍ人間ㆍ環境學會 1999 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2
종의 棲息密度가 낮아지고 있는 하늘나리, 섬초롱, 자란 3종의 식물을 인위적으로 棲息地를 造成하기 위하여 국립공원 속리산 등산로변 標高 200m, 400m, 600m 지점에 150주식 종당 450주를 조직배양 및 분주에 의하여 육묘 된 묘를 이식하여 생존상태 및 棲息地 造成의 가능성을 2년에 걸쳐 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 造成 棲息地의 토양의 理化學的 造成은 pH 5.2∼5.6, 유기물 함량 29∼54g/㎏, CEC 9.4∼11.5㎝ mol(+)/㎏으로 산성을 띠고 있었으며, 유기물 함량은 높은 편이었고, 염기치환용량은 낮았으나 비교적 우리나라 典型的 山地土壤의 理化學的 造成과 유사하였다. 2. 棲息地內 생장기간의 投光率은 標高 200m 지역은 10.8∼11.6%, 400m lw역은 10.8∼11.4%, 600m 지역은 11.0∼12.8%로 식재식물의 生長環境에 부족한 상태였다. 3. 식재 식물 수는 식재 후 활착율은 3종 모두 양호하였으나, 점차 감소되었으며, 특히 자란의 감소율이 높았다. 감소의 원인을 분석한 결과 하늘나리, 섬초롱, 자란 모두 굴취나 절취의 피해가 많았으며, 특히 자란은 凍害에 의한 枯死가 1년차 72∼86주, 2년 차에서 19∼35주로 조사도어 자연상태에서의 越冬은 어려운 것으로 나타났으며, 집중호우에 의한 流失도 감소의 한 원인이었다. 4. 식재식물의 생장상태는 불량하였는데 이는 投光量 부족으로 판단되어 棲息地造成時에는 錄陰期 投光量에 대한 사전 검토가 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 5. 개화율은 섬초롱과 자란에서 높았으며 標高가 높을수록 개화기는 2∼4일 늦어지고 휴면기는 빨라지는 경향이었다. 식물 棲息地 造成時에는 造成 식물의 생장에 적합한 토양, 光環境 등을 고려한 위치 선정이 중요하며, 上層林에 의한 遮光으로 下層 초본식물 遷移速度가 빨라짐으로써 光環境 개선을 위한 上層林의 間伐, 周邊樹種의 更新이 요구된다. In order to make the artificial habitats of Lillium concolor, Campanula takesimana and Bletilla striata that the number of plant became sparse, 150 plants per species were transplanted at the region of 200m, 400m and 600m above sea level. And the growth of plants and the potential as habitats creation were analyzed. In the physical and chemical properties of soils in the there, soil pH was 5.2 to 5.6, organic matter content was 29 to 54g/㎏ and cation exchange capacity(CEC) was 9.4 to 11.5㎝ mol(+)/㎏. The transmittance rates of sunlight of the habitats during the growing periods were 10.8 to 11.6% in the 200m region, 10.8 to 11.4% in the 400m region and 11.0 to 12.8% in the 600m region. These transmittance rates were deficient for normal growth of plants. After the plants were transplanted, the survival rates of three species were high in common but the rates decreased gradually. Especially the decrease rate was high in the Bletilla striata. The causes of decrease were digging and cutting by climbers, sweeping asay by rainfall and freezing damage. Especially, the cold tolerance of Bletilla striata was weak in the natural condition. The growth of planted plants was poor, and it was assumed that the reason was shortage of sunlight transmittance. The flowering rates were high in the Campanula takesimana and Bletilla striata. And as the elevations were high, the flowering was later by 2 to 5 days but the dormancy was earlier. In the artificial making of plant habitats, the growth environment of plants have to be considered to choose the suitable region. And, because the habitats are shaded by the trees and bushes, the thinning of trees and the change of species are needs to improve the light transmission.
Methexymethyl sulfide를 이용한 합성연구
김정순,고영관,김대광,윤세중 공주대학교 기초과학연구소 1992 論文集 Vol.30 No.1
For the preparation of broad range of substituted aryl derivatives from the bromophenyl methoxymethyl sulfide and the bromobenzyl methoxymethyl sulfide, various functional groups such as alkyl, ester and haloketone could be easily introduced in the aromatic methoxymethyl sulfides by treatment with various electrophiles. Substituted methoxymethyl phenyl sulfides were converted to the arenesulfonyl chlorides with chlorine in water-dichloromethane at 5∼10℃. And substituted benzyl methoxymethyl sulfides were also converted to the arylmethanesulfonyl chlorides with N-chlorosuccinimide in aqueous acetic acid, at 5∼10℃.
尹世重,金在炫,崔錫源 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1984 과학교육연구 Vol.16 No.1
A Computer program which could be used for teaching material in new curriculum of highschool earth science course was programed with Goldstar Co. model FC-100 personal computer in BASIC language. The main contents of this program are calculation of radius, mass, average density, the acceleration of gravity of earth and evidences for rotation of earth etc. All these substances are explained with Korean or English and by means of derivation of formula, calculation or dynamic graphs.
인접 셀 간섭을 고려한 OFDMA 전력제어 방식에 관한 연구
김세진,홍인기,김윤희 경희-다반 ASIC 설계교육센터 2007 경희-다반 ASIC센터 논문집 Vol.8 No.-
차세대 이동통신은 증가하는 사용자의 수요를 만족시키고, 고속 ·고품질의 다양한 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 따라서 자원할딩이 용이하고 ,광대역 무선통신에 적합한 OFDMA방식이다. 다가오는 4세대 셀룰러 인프라를 선도할 주요 기술로서 고려되고 있다 .히지만 OFDMA시스템에서는 인접한 셀의 사용자가 같은 부반송파를 사용할 경우, 동일 채널 간섭 (Co-Channel Interference)이 발생하게 디며, 이는 시스템 전반의 성능 하락을 ㅊ래할 수 있다. 특히 샐 경계기역에 위치한 사용자틀은 인접 셀과의 거리가 매우 가까워서 아주 큰 간섭 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 이러한 사용자의 경우에는 전송 전력을 조절하여, 인접 셀에 주는 간섭의 영향은 줄일 수 있는 전력제어 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 전송 전력을 인접 셀이 받는 간섭 상태에 따라 조절하는 새로운전력제어 방식을 제안하고, 그 싱능을 기존의 전력제어 방식과의 비교한다 . 제안된 전력제어 방식에서는 기존의 전력제어 빙식보다 전송 진력을 감소시키고, 이와 더불어 수율 면에시 보다 우수한 성능을 제공한다.
알코올에 의한 α-Tocopherol이 혈중 Creatine kinase 활성도에 미치는 영향
김연선,이상한,김창세,조만희 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2
This study was done in order to observe the effects of a-tocopherol and/or alcohol administration on the serum creatine concentration, creatine phosphokinase activity and CPK-isonzymes at each feeding day. The white Sprague-Dawley rats were classified with 4-groups : the 0.9% NaCl administration for the feeding days was group B(B1, B2 and B3), the 25% ethanol pretreated for the each 5 and 10 days and the 50% a-tocopherol for the 2 and 7 days administration was group C(Cl and C2), and the 50% a-tocopherol pretreated for the each ,10 and 16 days and 25% ethanol for the 2, 7 and 10 days administration was group D(D1, D2 and D3) The following results were obtained. 1. The serum creatine concentration was not significant. 2. The serum creatine activity was significantly increased in group B. The group C, and D was not significant. 3. The changes of electrophoresis pattern in serum CPK-isoezymes. CPK-BB and CPK-MB was significantly increased or decreased on the each feeding days, and however the CPK-MM was not significant.