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Jung, Man-Young,Park, Soo-Je,Kim, So-Jeong,Kim, Jong-Geol,Sinninghe Damsté,, Jaap S.,Jeon, Che Ok,Rhee, Sung-Keun American Society for Microbiology 2014 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.80 No.12
<P>Soil nitrification plays an important role in the reduction of soil fertility and in nitrate enrichment of groundwater. Various ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are considered to be members of the pool of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in soil. This study reports the discovery of a chemolithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizer that belongs to a distinct clade of nonmarine thaumarchaeal group I.1a, which is widespread in terrestrial environments. The archaeal strain MY2 was cultivated from a deep oligotrophic soil horizon. The similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MY2 to those of other cultivated group I.1a thaumarchaeota members, i.e., <I>Nitrosopumilus maritimus</I> and “<I>Candidatus</I> Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis,” is 92.9% for both species. Extensive growth assays showed that strain MY2 is chemolithoautotrophic, mesophilic (optimum temperature, 30°C), and neutrophilic (optimum pH, 7 to 7.5). The accumulation of nitrite above 1 mM inhibited ammonia oxidation, while ammonia oxidation itself was not inhibited in the presence of up to 5 mM ammonia. The genome size of strain MY2 was 1.76 Mb, similar to those of <I>N. maritimus</I> and “<I>Ca</I>. Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis,” and the repertoire of genes required for ammonia oxidation and carbon fixation in thaumarchaeal group I.1a was conserved. A high level of representation of conserved orthologous genes for signal transduction and motility in the noncore genome might be implicated in niche adaptation by strain MY2. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic characteristics, we propose the name “<I>Candidatus</I> Nitrosotenuis chungbukensis” for the ammonia-oxidizing archaeal strain MY2.</P>
( Keun Young Shin ),( Seong Woo Jeon ),( Kwang Bum Cho ),( Kyung Sik Park ),( Eun Soo Kim ),( Chang Keun Park ),( Yun Jin Chung ),( Joong Goo Kwon ),( Jin Tae Jung ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Kyeong Ok Kim The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2015 Gut and Liver Vol.9 No.2
Background/Aims: Advances in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) techniques have led to the development of expanded criteria for endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer (EGC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes for ESD using indication criteria. Methods: A total of 1,105 patients underwent ESD for EGC at six medical centers. The patients were classified into the following two groups based on the lesion size, presence of ulceration and pathological review: an absolute criteria group (n=517) and an expanded criteria group (n=588). Results: The curative resection rates (91.1% vs 91.3%, p=0.896) were similar in the absolute criteria group and the expanded criteria group. The en bloc resection rates (93.4% and 92.3%, respectively; p=0.488) and complete resection rates (98.3% and 97.4%, respectively; p=0.357) did not differ between the groups. The cumulative disease-free survival rates and the overall survival rates were similar between the groups (p=0.778 and p=0.654, respectively). Independent factors for the curative resection of EGC included tumor location (upper vs middle and lower, 2.632 [1.128-6.144] vs 3.497 [1.560-7.842], respectively) and en bloc resection rate 12.576 [7.442-21.250]. Conclusions: The expanded criteria for ESD in cases of EGC is comparable with the widely accepted pre-existing criteria. (Gut Liver, 2015;9:181-187)
Numerical Analysis of Flow and Pollutant Dispersion over 2-D Bell Shaped Hills
Jung, Young-Rae,Park, Keun,Park, Warn-Gyu,Park, Ok-Hyun The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2003 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.17 No.7
The numerical simulations of flow and pollutant particle dispersion are described for two-dimensional bell shaped hills with various aspect ratios. The Reynolds-averaged incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with low Reynolds number $\kappa$-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model are used to simulate the flowfield. The gradient diffusion equation is used to solve the pollutant dispersion field. The code was validated by comparison of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress, speed-up ratio, and ground level concentration with experimental and numerical data. Good agreement has been achieved and it has been found that the pollutant dispersion pattern and ground level concentration have been strongly influenced by the hill shape and aspect ratio, as well as the location and height of the source.
Naringenin targets ERK 2 and suppresses UVB ‐induced photoaging
Jung, Sung Keun,Ha, Su Jeong,Jung, Chang Hwa,Kim, Yun Tai,Lee, Hoo‐,Keun,Kim, Myoung Ok,Lee, Mee‐,Hyun,Mottamal, Madhusoodanan,Bode, Ann M.,Lee, Ki Won,Dong, Zigang John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016 Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Vol.20 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A number of natural phytochemicals have anti‐photoaging properties that appear to be mediated through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) expression, but their direct target molecule(s) and mechanism(s) remain unclear. We investigated the effect of naringenin, a major flavonoid found in citrus, on UVB‐induced MMP‐1 expression and identified its direct target. The HaCaT human skin keratinocyte cell line and 3‐dimensional (3‐D) human skin equivalent cultures were treated or not treated with naringenin for 1 hr before exposure to UVB. The mechanism and target(s) of naringenin were analysed by kinase assay and multiplex molecular assays. Dorsal skins of hairless mice were exposed to UVB 3 times per week, with a dose of irradiation that was increased weekly by 1 minimal erythema dose (MED; 45 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) to 4 MED over 15 weeks. Wrinkle formation, water loss and water content were then assessed. Naringenin suppressed UVB‐induced MMP‐1 expression and AP‐1 activity, and strongly suppressed UVB‐induced phosphorylation of Fos‐related antigen (FRA)‐1 at Ser265. Importantly, UVB irradiation‐induced FRA1 protein stability was reduced by treatment with naringenin, as well as with a mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor. Naringenin significantly suppressed UVB‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activity and subsequently attenuated UVB‐induced phosphorylation of p90<SUP>RSK</SUP> by competitively binding with ATP. Constitutively active MEK (CA‐MEK) increased FRA1 phosphorylation and expression and also induced MMP‐1 expression, whereas dominant‐negative ERK2 (DN‐ERK2) had opposite effects. U0126, a MEK inhibitor, also decreased FRA1 phosphorylation and expression as well as MMP‐1 expression. The photoaging data obtained from mice clearly demonstrated that naringenin significantly inhibited UVB‐induced wrinkle formation, trans‐epidermal water loss and MMP‐13 expression. Naringenin exerts potent anti‐photoaging effects by suppressing ERK2 activity and decreasing FRA1 stability, followed by down‐regulation of AP‐1 transactivation and MMP‐1 expression.</P>
Effect of Kimchi and Its Ingredients on the Growth of Helicobacter pylori
Jung, Keun-Ok,Kil, Jeung-Ha,Kim, Kwang-Hyuk,Park, Kun-Young The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2003 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.8 No.2
Effects of kimchi and its ingredients, vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol on the growth of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Three kimchi variations were studied: a standard recipe (kimchi I) and two functional variations for cancer prevention and treatment made with organically grown ingredients (kimch II and III). Methanol extracts and juices from kimchi I and III did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori. However, 10 mm and 12 mm inhibition zones were formed by methanol extract and juice from kimchi II, which had higher concentrations of red pepper powder (RPP) than those of kimchi I and III. Among the major kimchi ingredients, methanol extracts of RPP, garlic and ginger substantially inhibited the growth of H. pylori. The maximal inhibition zone (30 mm) was attained with garlic treatment. Inhibitory effects of the RPP, garlic and the sub-ingredient mixture (prepared with radish, garlic, RPP, ginger, green onion, sugar and fermented anchovy juice) on H. pylori were decreased by lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Neither the fermented garlic nor the fermented sub-ingredient mixture inhibited the growth of H. pylori. But, the inhibition Bone of fermented RPP was 12 mm, which was less than the 16 mm inhibition zone formed by the non-fermented RPP. Vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol which are known to be functional active compounds of kimchi also showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of H. pylori after 3 days of incubation. Further study is needed to determine why the inhibitory effect is removed or decreased by lactic acid fermentation, and to determine if fresh kimchi and lactic acid bacteria of kimchi can inhibit the growth of H. pylori.
Antimutagenic and Anticancer Effects of Buchu Kimchi
Keun-Ok Jung,Kyeoung-Im Lee,Myoung-Ja Suh,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 1999 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.4 No.1
The antimutagenic effects of buchu kimchi and Chinese cabbage kimchi and their cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell line were investigated in the Salmonella typhimurium system and MTT assay, respectively. Leek and Chinese cabbage were also evaluated in the same system. Buchu kimchi was fermented at 15℃ for 0, 6 and 9 days and Chinese cabbage kimchi was fermented at 15℃ for 4 days. Buchu kimchi samples showed somewhat higher antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) than Chinese cabbage kimchi in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain. There was no difference on the antimutagenic activity according to the length of fermentation. Leek exerted stronger antimutagenicity against AFB₁ than Chinese cabbage in the Ames assay. In MTT assay, 6-day fermented buchu kimchi revealed the highest cytotoxicity against AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in which 62% and 82% of the inhibition were observed with the addition of 100 ㎍, 400 ㎍/well, respectively. Buchu kimchi samples caused 60-70% inhibition on the proliferation of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells even at 100 ㎍/well while Chinese cabbage kimchi exhibited 60% inhibition against HT-29 at 400 ㎍/well. Leek exhibited higher antiproliferative effect against both AGS cells and HT-29 cells than Chinese cabbage in MTT assay. From these results, it is considered that buchu kimchi has stronger antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer effects than Chinese cabbage kimchi and the high inhibition rate of buchu kimchi probably results from leek, the major ingredient of buchu kimchi.