정신분열병 환각의 횡문화적 연구 : 상해와 서울의 비교 A Transcultural Study

金光日,長良棟,陸明康,朴康奎,朴容千,金大虎 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열병의 환각이 문화사회의 특성에 따라 어떤 차이가 나는지를 확인하고 그 의미를 문화정신의 학적 견지에서 고찰해보고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : Shanghai와 서울의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 환각의 형태, 내용, 주제 등에 관한 비교문화적인 조사연구를 하였다. Shanghai Mental Health Center, 국립서울정신병원, 한양대학교병원에 입원하고 있는 환자중 DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준으로 정신분열병의 진단이 확정된 환자 가운데 입원한지 1개월에서 6개월 이내인 환자를 대상으로 사전에 성별, 연령, 교육연한, 발병기간 임상아형, 등 5개 변인을 통제하여 조사대상을 선정하였다. 조사대상이 된 환자는 396명(Shanghai 182명, 서울 214명)이었다. 이중 환각이 확인된 환자 231명(Shanghai101명, 서울 130명)을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 결 과 : 환각의 형태에서는 양 집단 차이가 없었으나 환각의 내용이 양 집단에서 차이를 보였다. 즉 Shanghai에서는 정치적인 내용이, 서울에서는 초자연적/종교적 내용이 많았다. 결 론 : 환각의 주제나 내용은 망상과 긴밀하게 연관이 되어 있다는 점, 그리고 사회문화적 상황의 영향을 다분히 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objective : The types, contents and major themes of schizophrenic hallucinations in Shanghai and Seoul were compared for evaluating cultural differences and connotation. Methods : Among the schizophrenic inpatients of Shanghai Mental Health Center in Shanghai and National Seoul Mental Hospital and Hanyang University Hospital in Seoul, 396 cases(182 cases in Shanghai, 214 cases in Seoul) were selected by two ways: a) five staged stratified random sampling of sex, age, education, clinical subtype and onset year, b) cases who have admitted for one to six months in their last admission. Among them, 231 cases(55.39% in Shanghai, 60.83% in Seoul) confirmed to have hallucinations were the final subjects of study. Results : Frequencies in types of hallucination were not different between the two groups. However, contents and major themes were different: Political themes and related contents were dominant in Shanghai cases, and supernatural and religious themes and related contents were dominant in Seoul cases. Conclusion : It was concluded that contents and themes of hallucinations were closely related to the delusional contents and themes, and such patterns were considerably influenced by so-ciocultural characteristics.

Shen-Kang protects against tacrolimus-induced renal injury

Long Ye Zhang,Jian Jin,Kang Luo,Shang Guo Piao,Hai Lan Zheng,Ji Zhe Jin,임선우,최범순,양철우,Can Li 대한내과학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.34 No.5

Background/Aims: Evidence suggests that Shen-Kang (SK), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, protects against various types of renal injury. In this study, we evaluated whether SK treatment confers renoprotection in a rat model of chronic tacrolimus (TAC) nephropathy. Methods: Rats were treated daily with TAC (1.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) and SK (450 mg/kg, intravenously) for 4 weeks. The effects of SK on TAC-induced renal injury were assessed by measuring renal function, urine albumin excretion, histopathology, inflammatory cell infiltration, expression of profibrotic (transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1] and TGF-β inducible gene-h3 [βig-h3]) and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death. Results: Administration of SK preserved glomerular integrity (fractional mesangial area and Wilms tumor 1-positive glomeruli), attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and reduced the number of ectodermal dysplasia 1-positive cells, and this was paralleled by improved urine albumin excretion and renal dysfunction. At the molecular level, SK treatment suppressed expression of TGF-β1/Smad2/3, βig-h3, and proinflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death were significantly decreased with SK treatment, and apoptosis-related genes were regulated toward cell survival (active caspase-3 and the B-cell lymphoma-2/ Bcl2-associated X [Bcl-2/Bax] ratio). Conclusions: SK protects against TAC-induced renal injury.

Which Indicator Among Lumbar Vertebral Hounsfield Unit, Vertebral Bone Quality, or Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Measured Bone Mineral Density Is More Efficacious in Predicting Thoracolumbar Fragility Fractures?

Bo Zhang,Lu-Ping Zhou,Xian-Liang Zhang,Dui Li,Jia-Qi Wang,Chong-Yu Jia,Hua-Qing Zhang,Liang Kang,Ren-Jie Zhang,Cai-Liang Shen 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.4

Objective: Hounsfield units (HU), vertebral bone quality (VBQ), and bone mineral density (BMD) can all serve as predictive indicators for thoracolumbar fragility fractures. This study aims to explore which indicator provides better risk prediction for thoracolumbar fragility fractures. Methods: Patients who have received medical attention from The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University for thoracolumbar fragility fractures were selected. A total of 78 patients with thoracolumbar fragility fractures were included in the study. To establish a control group, 78 patients with degenerative spinal diseases were matched to the fracture group on the basis of gender, age, and body mass index. The lumbar vertebral HU, the VBQ, and the BMD were obtained for all the 156 patients through computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The correlations among these parameters were analyzed. The area under curve (AUC) analysis was employed to assess the predictive efficacy and thresholds of lumbar vertebral HU, VBQ, and BMD in relation to the risk of thoracolumbar fragility fractures. Results: Among the cohort of 156 patients, lumbar vertebral HU exhibited a positive correlation with BMD (p < 0.01). Conversely, VBQ showed a negative correlation with HU, BMD (p < 0.05). HU and BMD displayed a favorable predictive efficacy for thoracolumbar fragility fractures (p < 0.01), with HU (AUC = 0.863) showcasing the highest predictive efficacy, followed by the DEXA-measured BMD (AUC = 0.813). VBQ (AUC = 0.602) ranked lowest among the 3 indicators. The thresholds for predicting thoracolumbar fragility fractures were as follows: HU (88),VBQ (3.37), and BMD (0.81). Conclusion: All 3 of these indicators, HU, VBQ, and BMD, can predict thoracolumbar fragility fractures. Notably, lumbar vertebral HU exhibits the highest predictive efficacy, followed by the BMD obtained through DEXA scanning, with VBQ demonstrating the lowest predictive efficacy.

Insuring Cultures: Unveiling Diverse Paths of National influences on insurance in Developed and Developing Realms

Xiaoxiao Zhang(Xiaoxiao Zhang),Kang Pil Cho(Kang Pil Cho),Seong Moon Yang(Seong Moon Yang),Yipeng Sheng(Yipeng Sheng) People & Global Business Association 2024 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.29 No.2

Photocatalytic improvement of Mn-adsorbed <i>g</i>-C₃N₄

Zhang, Weibin,Zhang, Zhijun,Kwon, Sangwoo,Zhang, Fuchun,Stephen, Boandoh,Kim, Ki Kang,Jung, Ranju,Kwon, Sera,Chung, Kwun-Bum,Yang, Woochul Elsevier BV 2017 Applied Catalysis B Vol.206 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study employed experimental results and theoretical calculations to investigate Mn-adsorbed <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> as a potential photocatalyst with high efficiency. Mn was chosen as the incorporating element, because among the 3<I>d</I> transition metals it exhibits the highest binding energy and most suitable band edge positions. The photocatalytic efficiency of Mn-adsorbed <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> is 3 times higher that of pristine <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>. Although small variations in the phase and surface morphology were observed, which were confirmed to not be the determining factors to improve efficiency. The factors that affect the high photocatalytic efficiency are therefore the electronic structure, optical absorption, and band edge variations after Mn-adsorption. The Mn atoms stably are bonded with N atoms, due to the strong absorption energy and ionic bond. Moreover, reduction of the <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> band gap after Mn-adsorption results in a red shift of the absorption band edge. The half-filled Mn 3<I>d</I> state introduces impurity states into the forbidden band gap, which will increase the life time of charge carriers. In addition, the up-shifting of band edges of Mn-adsorbed <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> leads to inhibition of the electron-hole recombination. As a consequence, the photocatalytic efficiency of Mn-adsorbed <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> is enhanced due to the combination of the aforementioned effects.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The photocatalytic efficiency of Mn-adsorbed <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> is three times higher that of pristine <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> <LI> The Mn atoms adsorbed on <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> stably form ionic bond with N atoms, as confirmed by DFT calculation and experiment. </LI> <LI> The photocatalytic efficiency enhancement of Mn-adsorbed <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> is attributed to the decrease of band gap, the half-filled Mn 3d states in the forbidden gap, and the up-shifting of band edges. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Feedback Linearization Adaptive Dynamic Sliding Mode Control of Linear Synchronous Motor for CNC Machine Tools

Zhang Kang,Wang Limei,Fang Xin 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.2

This study aims to develop a feedback linearization adaptive dynamic sliding mode control strategy to solve the coupling problem between electrical and mechanical in a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor servo system (PMLSM) of CNC machine tools. To improve the dynamic and steady performance of the linear servo system, the feedback linearization control method is adopted in this paper. By coordinate transformation and state feedback, the affi ne nonlinear model of the motor is decoupled and linearized into an independent current subsystem and linear velocity subsystem. Based on the linearization model, a dynamic sliding mode controller is designed to reduce the dependence of feedback linearization control on the mathematical model of PMLSM and improve the robustness of the servo system. In addition, an adaptive control law is designed to estimate the uncertainty of the system and reduce the chattering. Simulation and experiment demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can not only eff ectively improve the performance of velocity tracking, but also enhance the robustness of the system.

Positive Effects of Soy Isoflavone Food on Survival of Breast Cancer Patients in China

Zhang, Ya-Feng,Kang, Hong-Bin,Li, Bi-Li,Zhang, Rui-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

Aim: Soy foods are the major source of isoflavones, which are believed to play important roles in genesis of breast cancer and its progression. We here conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association of soy isoflavone food consumption with breast cancer prognosis. Methods: A prospective study was performed from January 2004 and January 2006 in China. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire to collect information on dietary habits and potential confounding factors. The relative risk [hazard ratio (HR)] and 95% CI were calculated from the Cox regression model for all significant predictors from cancer diagnosis to the endpoint of the study (event). Results: After a median follow up of 52.1 months (range, 9-60 months), a total of 79 breast cancer related deaths were recorded in our study, risk being inversely associated with a high intake of soy isoflavone. With an average intake of soy isoflavone above 17.3 mg/day, the mortality of breast cancer can be reduced by about 38-36%. We also found the decreased breast cancer death with high soy protein intake, with a HR (95% CI) of 0.71 (0.52-0.98). Stratified analysis with reference to the ER status, further demonstrated a better prognosis of ER positive breast cancer with a high intake of soy isoflavone (HR 0.59, 0.40-0.93). Conclusion: Our study shows the soy food intake is associated with longer survival and low recurrence among breast cancer patients. A cohort study with a larger sample size and long term follow-up is now needed.

4E-BP is a target of the GCN2–ATF4 pathway during <i>Drosophila</i> development and aging

Kang, Min-Ji,Vasudevan, Deepika,Kang, Kwonyoon,Kim, Kyunggon,Park, Jung-Eun,Zhang, Nan,Zeng, Xiaomei,Neubert, Thomas A.,Marr II, Michael T.,Ryoo, Hyung Don The Rockefeller University Press 2017 The Journal of cell biology Vol.216 No.1

<P>Reduced amino acid availability attenuates mRNA translation in cells and helps to extend lifespan in model organisms. The amino acid deprivation activated kinase GCN2 mediates this response in part by phosphorylating elF2 alpha. In addition, the cap-dependent translational inhibitor 4E-BP is transcriptionally induced to extend lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster, but through an unclear mechanism. Here, we show that GCN2 and its downstream transcription factor, ATF4, mediate 4E-BP induction, and GCN2 is required for lifespan extension in response to dietary restriction of amino acids. The 4E-BP intron contains ATF4-binding sites that not only respond to stress but also show inherent ATF4 activity during normal development. Analysis of the newly synthesized proteome through metabolic labeling combined with click chemistry shows that certain stress-responsive proteins are resistant to inhibition by 4E-BP, and gcn2 mutant flies have reduced levels of stress-responsive protein synthesis. These results indicate that GCN2 and ATF4 are important regulators of 4E-BP transcription during normal development and aging.</P>

Acute Toxicity to Peptone Concentrations in the Polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis under Laboratory Culture

Kang, Kyoung-Ho,Zhang, Litao,Ahn, Sam-Young,Kahng, Hyung-Yeel,Zhang, Zhifeng,Sui, Zhenghong The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2011 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.14 No.3

Organic pollution causes eutrophication and dystrophication, which occur when excessive amounts of organic matter enters seawater. Eutrophication can contaminate sediment and harm aquaculture. Polychaeta species have been shown to restore eutrophic sediment. In this study, we used peptone to simulate a eutrophic environment and detect the levels at which eutrophication became toxic to the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis. Peptone concentrations were 0, 100, 200, and 500 mg/L. The median lethal concentrations were 950.35 mg/L at 48 h, 340.34 mg/L at 72 h, and 120.22 mg/L at 96 h, which are much higher than those of other aquatic species. Polychaeta species are highly tolerant of eutrophication. During the 15-day long-term experiment, sediment loss on ignition, as well as seawater total organic carbon and total nitrogen all decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, $NH_4^+$ concentration increased with time. Perinereis aibuhitensis slowed the increment of $NH_4^+$ but could not prevent its increase. Our results indicate that this polychaete is helpful in the recovery of seawater and sediment from eutrophication.

Cobalt phosphide nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets: Promising anode material with high rate capability and long cycle life for sodium-ion batteries

Zhang, Kai,Park, Mihui,Zhang, Jing,Lee, Gi-Hyeok,Shin, Jeongyim,Kang, Yong-Mook Springer-Verlag 2017 NANO RESEARCH Vol.10 No.12

<P>Cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles which were uniformly embedded in N-doped C nanosheets (CNSs) were fabricated via the simple one-step calcination of a Co-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and red P and exhibited a high capacity, fast kinetics, and a long cycle life. This CoP/CNS composite contained small CoP particles (approximately 11.3 nm) and P-C bonds. When its electrochemical properties were evaluated by testing CoP/Na coin cells, the composite delivered a Na-storage capacity of 598 mAh center dot g(-1) at 0.1 A center dot g(-1) according to the total mass of the composite, which means that the capacity of pure CoP reached 831 mAh center dot g(-1). The composite also exhibited a high rate capability and long-term cyclability (174 mAh center dot g(-1) at 20 A center dot g(-1) and 98.5% capacity retention after 900 cycles at 1 A center dot g(-1)), which are commonly attributed to robust P-C bonding and highly conductive CNSs. When the reaction mechanism of the CoP/CNS composite was investigated, a conversion reaction expressed as CoP + 3Na(+) + 3e(-) a dagger' Co + Na3P was observed. The outstanding Na-storage properties of the CoP/CNS composite may suggest a new strategy for developing high-performance anode materials for Na-ion batteries.</P>