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Kang, Byoung-Ho,Seo, Jun-Seon,Jeong, Sohee,Lee, Jihye,Han, Chang-Soo,Kim, Do-Eok,Kim, Kyu-Jin,Yeom, Se-Hyuk,Kwon, Dae-Hyuk,Kim, Hak-Rin,Kang, Shin-Won The Optical Society 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.17
<P>We propose a highly efficient hybrid light-emitting device (LED) with a single active layer where CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are dispersed as a guest material in a conjugated polymer (co-polymer) matrix used for a host material. In our structure, the QDs act on light-emitting chromophores by trapping the migrating excitons in the co-polymer matrix via F?rster energy transfer, and improve the charge balance within the co-polymer by trapping the injected electron carriers. Experimental results show that the electroluminescent properties highly depend on the doping density of the QDs within the co-polymer matrix, where the luminance as well as the external current efficiency are initially enhanced with increasing the concentration of the dispersed QDs in the co-polymer solution, and then such properties are degraded due to aggregation of the QDs. We can get the maximum brightness of 9,088 cd/m(2) and the maximum external current efficiency of 7.5 cd/A in mixing ratio of the QDs by 1.0 wt%. The external current efficiency is enhanced by over 15 times and the turn-on voltage is reduced in comparison with the corresponding values for a reference device that uses only a co-polymer as an active layer.</P>
Kang, Kyung-Koo,Ahn, Gook-Jun,Sohn, Yong-Sung,Ahn, Byoung-Ok,Kim, Won-Bae The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.8
In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of DA-8159, a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT). Rats were administered either MCT (60 mg/kg) or saline. MCT-treated rats were divided into three groups and received orally administered vehicle, or 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg of DA-8159, twice a day for twenty-one days. The MCT group demonstrated increased right ventricular weights, medial wall thickening in the pulmonary arteries, myocardial fibrosis and the level of plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), along with decreased body weight gains. However, DA-8159 markedly and dose-dependently reduced the development of right ventricular hypertrophy and medial wall thickening. DA-8159 also amplified the increase in plasma cGMP level and significantly increased the level of lung cGMP, compared with the MCT group. Although the body weight gain was still lower from the saline-treated control group, DA-8159 demonstrated a significant increase in body weight gains, in both 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg groups, when compared with the MCT group. In myocardial morphology, MCT-induced myocardial fibrosis was markedly prevented by DA-8159. These results suggest that DA-8159 may be a useful oral treatment option for PH.
Byoung Ok Ahn,Dong Hwan Kim,Hyeon Cho,Kyung Koo Kang,Beom Soo Park,Kyu Heum Na,Soo Hyung Kang,Won Bae Kim 한국독성학회 1999 Toxicological Research Vol.15 No.2
Toxic effects of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats by repeated subcutaneous administration. Four groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were treated with bFGF at doses of 0 (control), 40, 200, or 1000 ㎍/kg/day for 4 weeks. Additional 5 male and 5 female rats were used in control and high dose group to evaluate the reversibility of any treatment-related adverse effects. During the study, all rats survived until the end of the study. Noteworthy signs of toxicity at 200 ㎍/kg and above were swelling and subcutaneous cyst formation at the injection site. There were no remarkable changes in body weight, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy and urinalysis attributed to the bFGF treatment. Hematological examination showed increase in numbers of WBC and platelet, and decrease in RBC counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values at 200 and 1000 ㎍/kg groups with a dose-relation. In male rats from high dose group, a significant reduction of serum albumin was noted during the treatment and recovery period, which was thought to be due to edematous change of the injection site, at least in part. Absolute and relative liver weights increased in both sexes from high dose group. At necropsy, swelling and cyst formation at the injection site and splenomegaly were observed in high dose group and in some animals of middle dose group in a dose-related manner. Histopathological alterations were confined to the injection site and spleen. Proliferation of the capillaries and fibroblasts, focal hemorrhage and inflammatory cellular infiltration at the injection site, and congestion, megakaryocytic proliferation and the expansion of red pulp in the spleen were seen in bFGF-treated animals, which were more predominant in 1000 ㎍/kg group. At the end of the treatment, serum anti-bFGF IgG titer was elevated in all bFGF-treated rats in a dose-dependentfashion, indicating the test material, recombinant human bFGF (rh-bFGF), is the foreign protein to the rat to induce antibody formation. Most of treatment-related changes described above were thought to be associated with the pharmacological action of bFGF and were attenuated and disappeared after recovery phase. From the results, the target organs of bFGF when given to rats s.c. at doses up to 1000 ㎍/kg/day for 4 weeks were injection sites, blood cells, serum albumin and the spleen. Under the current test condition, the no-effect level of 40 ㎍/kg/day can be reported for both the male and female rats.
Won-Hee Kang,Jang-Kyun Seo,Bong Nam Chung,Kook-Hyung Kim,Byoung-Cheorl Kang 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07
The Cmr1 gene in peppers confers resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus isolate-P0 (CMV-P0). Cmr1 restricts the systemic spread of CMV-Fny, whereas this gene cannot block the spread of CMV-P1 to the upper leaves, resulting in systemic infection. To identify the virulence determinant of CMV-P1, six reassortant viruses and six chimeric viruses derived from CMV-Fny and CMV-P1 cDNA clones were used. Our results demonstrate that the helicase domain encoded by CMV-P1 RNA1 determines susceptibility to systemic infection. To identify the key amino acids determining systemic infection with CMV-P1, we then constructed amino acid substitution mutants. Of the mutants tested, amino acid residues at positions 865, 896, 957, and 980 in the 1a protein sequence of CMV-P1 affected the systemic infection. Virus localization studies with CMV-GFP clones and in situ localization of virus RNA revealed that these four amino acid residues together form the movement determinant for CMV-P1 movement from the epidermal cell layer to mesophyll cell layers. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CMV-P1 and a chimeric virus with four amino acid residues of CMV-P1 accumulated more genomic RNA in inoculated leaves than did CMV-Fny, indicating that those four amino acids are also involved in virus replication. These results demonstrate that the helicase domain is responsible for systemic infection by controlling virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. Whereas four amino acids are responsible for acquiring virulence in CMV-Fny, six amino acid (positions at 865, 896, 901, 957, 980 and 993) substitutions in CMV-P1 were required for complete loss of virulence in ‘Bukang’.
Kang, Mi-Jin,Kwon, Ji-Won,Kim, Byoung-Ju,Yu, Jinho,Choi, Won-Ah,Shin, Yee-Jin,Hong, Soo-Jong Springer-Verlag 2011 Journal of human genetics Vol.56 No.4
<P>Activation of the prostaglandin D2 receptor (PTGDR) may contribute to pulmonary vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, recruitment of eosinophils, basophils and T-lymphocytes, and enhanced synthesis of leukotriene C4. We investigated whether polymorphisms of the leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) -444A/C and PTGDR -441T/C were associated with clinical phenotypes and responsiveness to leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) in Korean asthmatic children. We enrolled 270 normal and 870 asthmatic children. We prescribed montelukast (5 mg per day) to 100 of asthmatic children, and analyzed the responsiveness to LTRA by exercise challenge tests. Polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. As the number of minor alleles of the PTGDR -441T/C and LTC4S -444A/C polymorphisms increased, the log total eosinophil counts increased in atopic asthmatic children (P-value=0.03). We found a significant association between responsiveness to montelukast and the PTGDR polymorphism (P-value=0.038). However, the LTC4S -444A/C and PTGDR -441T/C were not associated with the susceptibility for asthma (LTC4S, AA versus AC+CC, adjusted odds ratio of 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.31); PTGDR, TT versus TC+CC, adjusted odds ratio of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.19)) or clinical phenotypes (P-value>0.05). The effects of the PTGDR and LTC4S polymorphisms on the enhancement of eosinophil counts were additive in the Korean children with asthma. In addition, the PTGDR polymorphism seems to be associated with the responsiveness to LTRA. Therefore, therapies that target the PTGDR may be useful for modulating the responsiveness to LTRA.</P>
An Intelligent Control of Mobile Robot Based on Voice Command
Byoung-Kyun Shim,Kwang-wook Kang,Woo-Song Lee,Jong-Baem Won,Sung-Hyun Han 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
In general, it is possible to estimate the noise by using information on the robot’s own motions and postures, because a type of motion and gesture produces almost the same pattern of noise every time. In this paper, we describe an voice recognition control system for robot(VRCS) system which can robustly recognize voice by adults and children in noisy environments. We evaluate the VRCS system in a communication robot placed in a real noisy environment. Voice is captured using a wireless microphone. To suppress interference and noise and to attenuate reverberation, we implemented a multi-channel system consisting of an outlier-robust generalized side-lobe canceller technique and a feature-space noise suppression using MMSE criteria. Voice activity periods are detected using GMM-based end-point detection