Overexpression of <i>OsERF48</i> causes regulation of <i>OsCML16</i> , a calmodulin‐like protein gene that enhances root growth and drought tolerance

Jung, Harin,Chung, Pil Joong,Park, Su‐,Hyun,Redillas, Mark Christian Felipe Reveche,Kim, Youn Shic,Suh, Joo‐,Won,Kim, Ju‐,Kon BLACKWELL 2017 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.15 No.10

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The AP2/ERF family is a plant‐specific transcription factor family whose members have been associated with various developmental processes and stress tolerance. Here, we functionally characterized the drought‐inducible <I>OsERF48</I>, a group Ib member of the rice ERF family with four conserved motifs, CMI‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐4. A transactivation assay in yeast revealed that the C‐terminal CMI‐1 motif was essential for OsERF48 transcriptional activity. When <I>OsERF48</I> was overexpressed in an either a root‐specific (ROXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP>) or whole‐body (OXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP>) manner, transgenic plants showed a longer and denser root phenotype compared to the nontransgenic (NT) controls. When plants were grown on a 40% polyethylene glycol‐infused medium under <I>in vitro</I> drought conditions, ROXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> plants showed a more vigorous root growth than OXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> and NT plants. In addition, the ROXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> plants exhibited higher grain yield than OXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> and NT plants under field‐drought conditions. We constructed a putative <I>OsERF48</I> regulatory network by cross‐referencing ROXO<SUP><I>s</I></SUP>ERF<SUP><I>48</I></SUP> root‐specific RNA‐seq data with a co‐expression network database, from which we inferred the involvement of 20 drought‐related genes in <I>OsERF48</I>‐mediated responses. These included genes annotated as being involved in stress signalling, carbohydrate metabolism, cell‐wall proteins and drought responses. They included, <I>OsCML16</I>, a key gene in calcium signalling during abiotic stress, which was shown to be a direct target of OsERF48 by chromatin immunoprecipitation‐qPCR analysis and a transient protoplast expression assay. Our results demonstrated that OsERF48 regulates <I>OsCML16</I>, a calmodulin‐like protein gene that enhances root growth and drought tolerance.</P>

Psychological Impact of Quarantine on Caregivers at a Children's Hospital for Contact with Case of COVID-19

Kim Harin,Park Kee Jeong,Shin Yong-Wook,Lee Jung Sun,Chung Seockhoon,Lee Taeyeop,Kim Min-Jae,Jung Jiwon,Lee Jina,Yum Mi-Sun,Lee Beom Hee,Koh Kyung-Nam,Ko Tae-Sung,Lim Eunyoung,Lee Jung Soo,Lee Jee Yeo 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.28

Quarantine often provokes negative psychological consequences. Thus, we aimed to identify the psychological and behavioral responses and stressors of caregivers quarantined with young patients after a close contact to a coronavirus disease 2019 case at a children's hospital. More than 90% of the caregivers reported feelings of worry and nervousness, while some of them reported suicidal ideations (4.2%), and/or homicidal ideations (1.4%). Fear of infection of the patient (91.7%) and/or oneself (86.1%) were most frequently reported stressors. A multidisciplinary team including infection control team, pediatrician, psychiatrist, nursing staff and legal department provided supplies and services to reduce caregiver's psychological distress. Psychotropic medication was needed in five (6.9%), one of whom was admitted to the psychiatry department due to suicidality. Quarantine at a children's hospital makes notable psychological impacts on the caregivers and a multidisciplinary approach is required.

Significance of residual renal function for phosphate control in chronic hemodialysis patients

( Harin Rhee ),( Ji Young Yang ),( Woo Jin Jung ),( Min Ji Shin ),( Byung Yoon Yang ),( Sang Heon Song ),( Ihm Soo Kwak ),( Eun Young Seong ) 대한신장학회 2014 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.33 No.1

Background: The aim of this study was to compare mineral metabolism between anuric and nonanuric chronic hemodialysis patients, and determine the differences in phosphate control between the two groups. Methods: A total of 77 chronic hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from January 2012 to February 2012. Patient demographics, laboratory findings, medication histories, and vascular calcification scores were collected. We divided the patients into anuric and nonanuric groups according to the residual renal function and then compared their clinical features. Multivariate binary regression analysis was used in each group to determine the independent factors related to phosphate control. Results: The mean patient age was 59.27±13.95 years, and 57.1% of patients were anuric. In anuric patients, dialysis vintage was significantly longer, but the mean Kt/V was not different between groups. Serum phosphate, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, and Ca/P products were significantly higher, and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were significantly lower in the anuric patients, although the intact parathyroid hormone and 25(OH)D levels were not different. In anuric patients, LnFGF-23 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.894, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.294-6.474, P=0.010] was an independent factor predictive of phosphate control. However, in the nonanuric patients, glomerular filtration rate (HR 0.409, 95% CI 0.169-0.989, P=0.047) and blood urea nitrogen (HR 1.090, 95% CI 1.014-1.172, P=0.019) were independent factors predictive of phosphate control. Conclusion: In chronic hemodialysis patients, preservation of residual renal function is a significant determinant of phosphate control, and the factors associated with phosphate control is different depending on the residual renal function status. In the anuric patients, FGF-23 is most significantly associated with phosphate control; however, glomerular filtration rate and blood urea nitrogen are more important than FGF-23 in the nonanuric HD patients.

The expression of two isoforms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in aged mouse models of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease

( Harin Rhee ),( Miyeun Han ),( Sang Soo Kim ),( Il Young Kim ),( Hye Won Lee ),( Sun Sik Bae ),( Hong Koo Ha ),( Eun Soon Jung ),( Min Young Lee ),( Eun Young Seong ),( Dong Won Lee ),( Soo Bong Lee 대한신장학회 2018 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.37 No.3

Background: This study was undertaken to explore the effects of aging on the kidneys in mouse models of diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to compare the expression of two isoforms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-secretory full-length MMP-2 and intracellular N-terminal truncated MMP-2 (NTT-MMP-2)-in these models. Methods: Two experimental ICR mouse models were used: a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus model and a 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) CKD model. The abundance of each isoform of MMP-2 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and functional analyses were conducted. Moreover, the protein levels of the two MMP-2 isoforms were determined semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemical staining, and their association with tissue damage was assessed. Results: Both isoforms of MMP-2 were upregulated in the kidney tissues of STZ-induced diabetic mice and 5/6Nx mice, irrespective of age. Characteristically, NTT-MMP-2 protein expression was elevated in old control mice, in line with the qPCR results. NTT-MMP-2 expression was limited to the renal cortex, and to the tubulointerstitial area rather than the glomerular area. In terms of tissue damage, tubulointerstitial fibrosis was more severe in old 5/6Nx mice than in their young counterparts, whereas glomerulosclerosis was comparable in old and young 5/6Nx mice. Conclusion: The intracellular isoform of MMP-2 was induced by ageing, irrespective of the presence of diabetes or CKD, and its induction may be related to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease.

OFDMA/FDD 상향링크 시스템을 위한 최대 데이터 전송률 스케줄링

최정민(Jung Min Choi),이판형(Pan Hyung Lee),정하린(Harin Jeong),이재홍(Jae Hong Lee) 대한전자공학회 2007 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.11

A sounding subband allocation algorithm is proposed for a max-rate scheduler in an OFDMA/FDD uplink. The proposed sounding algorithm tries to provide a max-rate scheduler with more proper channel state information (CSI) of multiple users.

생성형 AI 도구를 사용하는 UX 실무자들의 사용자 부담 측정: 연차별 실무자들의 사용 경험 비교

윤하린(Harin Yoon),이해인(Haein Lee),백병수(Byungsoo Baek),정은빈(Eunbin Jung),전수진(Soojin Jun) 한국HCI학회 2024 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2024 No.1

본 연구에서는 사용자 경험을 저하시키는 요소인 사용자 부담(User Burden)이라는 개념을 도입하여 UX 디자이너들이 생성형 AI 를 활용할때 겪는 어려움을 심층적으로 이해하고자 한다. 실무 환경에서는 연차에 따라 조직 내에서 요구되는 역할 및 역량이 상이하기 때문에, 인공지능 도구를 사용하는 과정에서 사용 목적과 기술에 대한 이해 및 수용도가 다르게 나타날 수 있다. 따라서 UX 실무자를 연차별로 나누어 생성형 AI 도구를 활용한 참여 워크숍을 진행했고, 그 결과 할루시네이션, 일자리 대체, 보안에 대한 부담에서 차이가 나타났다. 프롬프트 입력, 결과물 생성, 의사결정에 대한 부담은 공통적으로 나타났으며, 이에 대한 부담 해소 방안을 논의함으로써 UX 디자이너의 AI 활용성과 사용성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

만성 콩팥병 환자에서 추정 사구체 여과율에 따른 25-Hydroxyvitamin D의 특성

고정희 ( Jung Hee Koh ),곽임수 ( Ihm Soo Kwak ),송상헌 ( Sang Heon Song ),이수봉 ( Soo Bong Lee ),이하린 ( Harin Rhee ),성은영 ( Eun Young Seong ),박창준 ( Chang Jun Park ),김태균 ( Tae Kyun Kim ),오상보 ( Sang Bo Oh ) 대한내과학회 2012 대한내과학회지 Vol.83 No.6

Background/Aims: Accumulating data suggest that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, comprehensive data are lacking for Koreans. The aim of this study was to survey vitamin D deficiency among patients with CKD in Korea and to identify the relationships among various factors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 444 patients who were divided into four subgroups by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for comparisons of mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and other parameters. In addition, non-dialyzed patients were categorized into four groups based on 25(OH)D levels (<10, 10-19, 20-29, and ≥ 30 ng/mL), and risk factors for severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) were investigated. Results: Of patients with an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 43% (34/79) showed severe 25(OH)D deficiency, and the mean 25(OH)D level was 11.7±5.3 ng/mL. In CKD3 group, 53.2% (41/77) showed severe 25(OH)D deficiency, with a mean level of 11.3±7.2 ng/mL. In CKD4 group, 53.3% (49/92) had severe 25(OH)D deficiency, with a mean level of 11.0±6.2 ng/mL. Approximately 71% (139/196) of patients in CKD5 group showed severe deficiency, and the mean level was 9.2±5.9 ng/mL. Severe 25(OH)D deficiency was affected by winter season, renal function, diabetes, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The serum parathyroid hormone level was inversely correlated with the 25(OH)D level, such that 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL were associated with a steep increase in parathyroid hormone. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the Korean population. Few patients met a sufficient 25(OH)D concentration, even in the early stages of CKD. Our data suggest that 25(OH)D level of 20 ng/mL is a threshold for a rapid increase in parathyroid hormone levels. (Korean J Med 2012;83:740-751)

Neural Correlates of Trait Impulsivity among Adult Healthy Individuals

Hye-Yeon Jung,Harin Bak,Minji Bang,Sang-Hyuk Lee,Kang Soo Lee 대한정신약물학회 2024 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.2

Objective: Impulsivity can be observed in individuals with or without mental illness. The discovery of neural correlates responsible for trait impulsivity can therefore help to understand the severity of psychiatric symptoms, personality characteristics and social adjustment. In this study, we aimed to identify the gray matter substrates of trait impulsivity in healthy individuals. Methods: Seventy-five healthy individuals were enrolled. At baseline, trait impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and all participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were also assessed. Mean cortical thickness (CT) and the local gyrification index (LGI) were calculated to perform whole-brain vertex-wise correlation analysis, which were performed to investigate the relationship between BIS scores and CT or LGI in each brain region. We also revealed the relationship between brain regions and psychological measurements. Results: Total BIS scores were significantly and negatively correlated with mean CT values in the left lateral occipital cortex (OC) and LGIs in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Correlation analyses revealed that the lateral OC’s mean CT values were negatively correlated with BAI scores and positively correlated with WHOQOL-BREF scores, while LGI in the IFG was positively correlated with CD-RISC scores. Conclusion: Our study showed that trait impulsivity might be associated with the lateral OC and IFG in healthy individuals. Understanding the neural correlates of trait impulsivity could provide ways to expect high impulsivity, anxiety, and poor resilience in healthy adults.

Severe Hypernatremia Caused by Acute Exogenous Salt Intake Combined with Primary Hypothyroidism

( Woo Jin Jung ),( Su Min Park ),( Jong Man Park ),( Harin Rhee ),( Il Young Kim ),( Dong Won Lee ),( Soo Bong Lee ),( Eun Young Seong ),( Ihm Soo Kwak ),( Sang Heon Song ) 대한전해질학회 2016 Electrolytes & Blood Pressure Vol.14 No.2

This report describes a case of severe hypernatremia with a serum sodium concentration of 188.1mmol/L caused by exogenous salt intake. A 26-year-old man diagnosed with Crohn`s disease 5 years previously visited our clinic due to generalized edema and personality changes, with aggressive behavior. He had compulsively consumed salts, ingesting approximately 154 g of salt over the last 4 days. Despite careful fluid management that included not only hypotonic fluid therapy for 8 hours but also hypertonic saline administration, his serum sodium level decreased sharply at 40.6mmol/L; however, it returned to normal within 72-hour of treatment without any neurological deficits. Primary hypothyroidism was also diagnosed. He was discharged after 9 days from admission, with a stable serum sodium level. We have described the possibility of successful treatment in a patient with hypernatremia caused by acute salt intoxication without sustained hypotonic fluid therapy.

Rice NAC proteins act as homodimers and heterodimers

정진서,Yeong Taek Park,Harin Jung,박수현,김주곤 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.2

Members of the NAM-ATAF-CUC (NAC) protein family are plant-specific transcription factors that contain a highly conserved N-terminal NAC-domain and diverse C-terminal regions. They have been implicated in plant development and abiotic stress responses. To identify interacters of rice NAC-domain proteins (OsNACs), we performed yeast two-hybrid screening of rice cDNA library using OsNAC5 as a bait, and the results showed that OsNAC5 interacts with other OsNACs including itself. To delineate an interacting domain, a series of deletion constructs of four OsNACs were made and transformed into yeast in various combinations. The results revealed that the conserved NAC domain of OsNACs plays a primary role in homodimer and heterodimer formation, and a part of Cterminal sequence is also necessary for the interaction. In vitro pull-down assays using recombinant OsNAC proteins verified the dimer formations, together suggesting that OsNACs may act by forming homodimers and/or heterodimers in plants.