Mer signaling increases the abundance of the transcription factor LXR to promote the resolution of acute sterile inflammation

Choi, Ji-Yeon,Seo, Jeong Yeon,Yoon, Young-So,Lee, Ye-Ji,Kim, Hee-Sun,Kang, Jihee Lee AAAS 2015 Science signaling Vol.8 No.365

<P><B>Resolving inflammation with Mer</B></P><P>Unchecked inflammatory responses in the body can do more harm than good; thus, the body has mechanisms for resolving inflammation and restoring normal tissue function. Choi <I>et al</I>. found that mice with impaired signaling by the receptor tyrosine kinase Mer had exacerbated inflammation in response to acute sterile tissue damage, as well as decreased abundance of liver X receptor (LXR) transcription factors (which are implicated in inhibiting macrophage responses) in their macrophages, spleens, and lungs. Conversely, treating macrophages in culture with an agonist of Mer increased LXR abundance and activity. Furthermore, an LXR agonist reduced inflammation in mice even in the context of reduced Mer signaling. The finding that Mer-dependent increases in LXR abundance lead to the resolution of inflammation might be exploited therapeutically.</P><P>The receptor tyrosine kinase Mer plays a central role in inhibiting the inflammatory response of immune cells to pathogens. We aimed to understand the function of Mer signaling in the resolution of sterile inflammation in experiments with a Mer-neutralizing antibody or with Mer-deficient (<I>Mer</I><SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice in a model of sterile, zymosan-induced acute inflammation. We found that inhibition or deficiency of Mer enhanced local and systemic inflammatory responses. The exacerbated inflammatory responses induced by the lack of Mer signaling were associated with reduced abundance of the transcription factors liver X receptor α (LXRα) and LXRβ and decreased expression of their target genes in peritoneal macrophages, spleens, and lungs. Similarly, treatment of mice with a Mer/Fc fusion protein, which prevents the Mer ligand Gas6 (growth arrest–specific protein 6) from binding to Mer, exacerbated the inflammatory response and decreased the abundance of LXR. Coadministration of the LXR agonist T0901317 with the Mer-neutralizing antibody inhibited the aggravating effects of the antibody on inflammation in mice. In vitro exposure of RAW264.7 cells or primary peritoneal macrophages to Gas6 increased LXR abundance in an Akt-dependent manner. Thus, we have elucidated a previously uncharacterized pathway involved in the resolution of acute sterile inflammation: Enhanced Mer signaling during the recovery phase increases the abundance and activity of LXR to inactivate the inflammatory response in macrophages.</P>

Upregulation of Mer receptor tyrosine kinase signaling attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation.

Choi, Ji-Yeon,Park, Hyun-Jung,Lee, Ye-Ji,Byun, Jiyeon,Youn, Young-So,Choi, Ji Ha,Woo, So-Youn,Kang, Jihee Lee Williams Wilkins 2013 The Journal of pharmacology and experimental thera Vol.344 No.2

<P>Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (Mer) signaling plays a central role in the intrinsic inhibition of the inflammatory response to Toll-like receptor activation. Previously, we found that lung Mer protein expression decreased after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment due to enhanced Mer cleavage. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether pharmacologically restored membrane-bound Mer expression upregulates the Mer signaling pathways and suppresses lung inflammatory responses. Pretreatment with the ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17) inhibitor TAPI-0 (tumor necrosis factor alpha protease inhibitor-0) reduced LPS-induced production of soluble Mer protein in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, restored membrane-bound Mer expression, and increased Mer activation in alveolar macrophages and lungs after LPS treatment. TAPI-0 also enhanced Mer downstream signaling, including phosphorylation of protein kinase b, focal adhesion kinase, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. As expected from enhanced Mer signaling, TAPI-0 also augmented suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 and -3 mRNA and protein levels and inhibited nuclear factor κB activation at 4 and 24 hours after LPS treatment. TAPI-0 suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory cell accumulation, total protein level elevation in BAL fluid, and production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Additionally, the effects of TAPI-0 on the activation of Mer signaling and the production of inflammatory responses could be reversed by cotreatment with specific Mer-neutralizing antibody. Restored Mer protein expression by treatment with TAPI-0 efficiently prevents the inflammatory cascade during acute lung injury.</P>

Assessment of relationship between the use of household products and atopic dermatitis in Seoul: focused on products with associated risks

Jihee Choi,Jeonghoon Kim,KyooSang Kim 환경독성보건학회 2019 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the use of certain household products (HPs) at home and atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. The study was conducted on 1,500 households in Seoul, South Korea. We obtained information on general characteristics, the use of HPs, and AD through an online panel survey in July 2018. HPs were selected as 23 kinds of products with associated risks that are management targets of the Ministry of Environment. The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood was used for the AD questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify AD affected by the use of HPs. Average number of used HPs was 13.44 out of 23, and average usage frequency of HPs was 3.52 times a month at home in Seoul for the last 1 year. Compared with subjects with a low number of HPs used (reference), subjects with a high number of used HPs (4th quartile) were more likely to have lifetime diagnosis of AD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.23-2.54), symptoms of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.66, 95% CI; 1.92-3.70), and treatment of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.37, 95% CI; 1.48-3.80). Compared with subjects with a low HPs usage frequency (reference), subjects with a high HPs usage frequency (4th quartile) were more likely to have lifetime diagnosis of AD (OR = 1.88, 95% CI; 1.31-2.70), symptoms of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.14, 95% CI; 1.54-2.96), and treatment of AD in the last 12 months (OR = 2.23, 95% CI; 1.39-3.60). Therefore, the use of HPs was significantly associated with AD. The findings of this study might be useful as basic data for managing allergic diseases and establishing preventive measures.

Assessment of relationship between farmer’s syndrome and neurotoxic symptoms in farming couples

Jihee Choi,Sun-In Moon,Sangchul Roh 환경독성보건학회 2020 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.35 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between farmer’s syndrome and neurotoxic symptoms in farming couples. The study was conducted on 348 farmers (174 couples) in Chungnam Province of South Korea. We obtained information on general and agricultural characteristics, farmer’s syndrome, and neurotoxic symptoms through face-to-face surveys from 2014 to 2019. The Korean version of the diagnostic standard scale was used for farmer’s syndrome, and the Swedish Q16 questionnaire was used for neurotoxic symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify neurotoxic symptoms affected by farmer’s syndrome. The prevalence of ‘positive’ neurotoxic symptoms was higher in wives (72.4%) than in husbands (56.9%). Compared with husbands with ‘negative and probable’ farmer’s syndrome (reference), husbands with ‘positive’ farmer’s syndrome were more likely to have ‘positive’ neurotoxic symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 5.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.01-14.30). Compared with wives with ‘negative and probable’ farmer’s syndrome (reference), wives with ‘positive’ farmer’s syndrome were more likely to have ‘positive’ neurotoxic symptoms (OR = 7.07, 95% CI = 2.58-19.38). Therefore, neurotoxic symptoms in both husbands and wives were significantly associated with farmer’s syndrome. However, wives had a higher risk of neurotoxic symptoms than husbands. The findings of this study might be useful as important data for establishing and training agricultural safety and health policy.

Cutaneous ciliated cyst on the midline of the neck

( Sooyeon Choi ),( Sooyie Choi ),( Youngin Lee ),( Jihee Kim ),( Ju Hee Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.2

청대 의약시장의 변화와 ‘가짜 약’ 논란

최지희(CHOI Jihee) 대한의사학회 2021 醫史學 Vol.30 No.2

Since ancient times, fake drugs have been on the market in Chinese society. However, during the Ming-Qing Dynasty, this problem intensified as the size of the pharmaceutical market grew, the collection and distribution structure of pharmaceutical products became increasingly complex, and the phenomenon of separation between the prescription and distribution of drugs advanced. Additionally, the government did not manage the manufacturing or quality of drugs and there was no law or institution designed to solve the problem of fake drugs. Furthermore, social opinion also criticized the widespread problem of fake drugs, and patients and doctors had to rely on various pharmacognostic books and medical knowledge to find reliable drugs in the drug market. Meanwhile, as merchants participated and invested commercial capital in the pharmaceutical industry, large reputable pharmacies began to emerge in large cities and produced drugs. With the commercialization of the pharmaceutical market, the public gained interest in drugs and consumed drugs produced by these pharmacies. Moreover, there were frequent problems in the market as fake drugs imitating popular drugs were distributed and the names of famous pharmacies were stolen. Although fake drugs were a universal social problem, the Qing government was reluctant to strictly control them tried to solve this issue by enforcing banning and punishment through local governments. Prominent pharmacies filed several lawsuits against the government over the theft of fake drugs and drug names. They also advertised the legitimacy and authenticity of drugstore to the public and customers. Doctors and merchants responded to the problem of fake drugs by following occupational morality, developing drug discrimination, cracking down on organizational discipline, filing complaints with government offices, and advertising their authenticity. However, the fake medicines did not easily disappear despite such a response, as there was no state control or legislation. Evidently, the pharmaceutical market was already highly commercialized and its structure were complex. Moreover, the financial benefits of fake drugs, competition in the pharmaceutical market, and public demand for drugs with similar effects at low prices also affected the popularity of fake drugs. Hence, the distribution of fake medicine in the Qing society can be seen as a phenomenon of separation between the prescription and distribution of drugs, commercialization and consumption of drugs, and competition on the medical market.

청대 의약시장의 상업화와 ‘매약’

최지희 ( Choi Jihee ) 호남사학회 2021 역사학연구 Vol.83 No.-

명청대 이후의 중국의 대도시에는 의사가 환자를 진찰하고 처방을 내려주면 환자가 약포로 가서 약재를 고르고 미리 제조된 매약(賣藥)을 사는 의약분업이 점차 자리를 잡았고, 그만큼 대중이 매약에 의존하는 비중이 크게 늘어났다. 즉 명청대의 의료 환경에서 약포와 매약은 중요한 역할을 했다. 18-19세기 이후에는 상인이 전문적으로 약포를 경영하고 매약을 판매하였다. 상인이 운영하는 약포에서는 일상생활의 갖가지 질병과 관련된 약을 제조했고 당시 사회에서 요구하는 의약품의 수요를 만족시키려고 하였다. 청대 후기 전염병이 유행하고 전란이 빈번하던 시기에는 이에 맞는 전염병 치료나 외과 치료와 관련된 약품의 종류가 추가되기도 하였다. 청대 사회에서 매약은 질병을 치료하는 약물이었을 뿐만 아니라 일종의 상품이기도 했고 약포들은 매약이라는 상품을 광고하기 위해 다양한 방식을 사용했다. 약포는 약목을 출판하여 약포에서 생산하는 매약이 항상 검증된 좋은 약재를 쓰고 옛 약방을 준수하여 제조한다는 것을 강조하였다. 또한 약단이나 벽보같은 수단을 사용하기도 하였다. 청말 근대 매체가 들어온 이후에는 신보와 같은 신문이 새로운 광고 수단이 되기도 하였다. In the Ming- Qing cities in China, once doctors had examined and given prescriptions to patients, the patients went to the pharmacy to select and buy pre-made medicines. This kind of separation between the prescription and distribution of pharmaceuticals gradually settled during the Ming-Qing China. Since then, the public’s dependence on drugs has increased significantly. Hence, the pharmacy and medicine played important roles in the medical environment of the Ming-Qing Society. After the 18th and 19th centuries, merchants professionally carried medicinal herbs and sold patent drugs. The drugstore, run by merchants, manufactured drugs related to various diseases in daily life and tried to satisfy the societal demand for medicines at that time. While infectious diseases were prevalent and war was frequent in the late Qing society, the types of drugs related to infectious disease or surgical treatment were incorporated accordingly. In the Qing society, drugs were not only aimed at treating diseases, but also a kind of product, and drugstores used various methods to advertise products called drugs. Pharmacists emphasized that their patent medicines always used proven superb medicinal herbs and were manufactured according to rules based on reliable traditional methods. They also used means such as pamphlets and posters. Although newspapers became a new advertising means after the arrival of modern media, but traditional advertisement methods, such as traditional prescriptions and the use of provincial medicinal herbs, were still persuasive. Trust in patent drugs and traditional advertising elements seems to have continued for a considerable amount of time and to have still been influential in the late Qing’s society.

학문 목적 한국어 교육용 학술 정형 표현 연구 : 담화 구조를 중심으로

최지희 ( Choi Jihee ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2020 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.58 No.-

This study lists the formulaic expressions by discourse structure in the introduction, body, and conclusion corpus of the research article. In order to extract formulaic expressions, A corpus of about 3 million words size composed of five academic disciplines is constructed. 3∼9-gram is extracted based on frequency, text frequency, and keyness. It turns out that many formulaic expressions are extracted from the introduction and conclusion, which have a relatively fixed structure, and the fewest from the body. In the introduction corpus, ‘고 있다, 는 실정이다, (숫자)장에서(는), 고자 하다’ are found to be significant. In the body corpus, It is prominent that the occur of meta-discourse formulaic expressions and the verb of the research act. ‘본 연구는, 본 연구의’ etc. is marked in conclusion corpus.

몇 가지 야생화의 내염성 연구

최지희(JiHee Choi),안예봄(YeaBom Ahn),이새롬(SaeRom Lee),김윤경(YounKyoung Kim),김신정(ShinJung Kim),장매희(MaeHee Chiang) 한국원예학회 2015 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2015 No.10

시간 관계성을 기반으로 한 비디오 데이터 모델의 설계 및 구현

최지희(Jihee Choi),용환승(Hwan-Seung Yong) 한국멀티미디어학회 1999 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.2 No.3