조선조 음악의 『시경』 수용과 활용 양상

송지원(Song, Ji-Won) 숭실대학교 한국문학과예술연구소 2016 한국문학과 예술 Vol.19 No.-

고대 중국의 가장 오래된 시가집으로서의 『시경』은 사서삼경의 경전으로 우리나라에 유입되어 유학사(儒學史)에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다. 특히 『시경』은 음악과 관련된 경전으로서 원래 노랫말이 있는 음악이었으며, “『시경』은 곧 『악경』”이라고 보는 학자들도 있으리만치 음악적인 면에서 중요한 경전의 위치를 점하고 있다. 특히 유학의 심화가 이루어지는 조선조에 『시경』은 문학 텍스트만이 아닌, 노랫말 있는 음악이라는 시각이 확대되었다. 텍스트만 남은 시에 노래 선율이 있다면 그 선율의 모습은 사람들마다 다르게 그려질 수 있다. 따라서 조선에서는 학문적 권위를 지니는 주희가 선택한 시경 선율을 유입하고 그것을 손보아 여러 의례에서 활용하였다. 또 『시경』의 텍스트가 지니고 있는 교화적 기능은 그 노랫말에 당시 쓰이고 있는 여러 선율을 붙여 연주하는 시도로 이어기지도 했다. 조선 전기에 여러 의례를 제정하는 가운데 활용된 『시경』의 노랫말 선택 양상에서 그러한 시도들을 찾을 수 있다. 그런가 하면 조선 후기로 가면서 『시경』이 ‘시와 악’의 화두와 함께 학문적 논의가 심화되는 현상들이 이어진다. 이처럼 조선조 음악에서 『시경』을 수용하거나 활용하는 사례는 다양하다. 이 글에서 그와 같은 양상에 대해 논의하였다. 첫째, 『시경』의 음악이 남아 있지 않기 때문에 중국에서 모의시악(模擬詩樂)을 만들어 놓은 음악을 조선이 수용하고 그것을 활용하는 양상에 대한 것, 둘째, 텍스트만 남아 있는 『시경』의 가사에 제3의 선율을 입혀 활용하는 양상, 셋째, 그러한 『시경』 관련 음악들이 여러 의례에서 쓰이는 양상에 관한 내용을 살펴보았다. 또 『시경』이 ‘노래가 있는 음악’이라는 전제에서 성립한 시악학(詩樂學)으로의 전개 양상에 관한 것도 논의하였다. The Book of Songs, which is the oldest book of poetry of the ancient China, is one of the scriptures of the Seven Chinese Classics and influenced the history of Confucianism after entering Korea. Especially, the Book of Songs is a scripture related to music which used to have lyrics and takes an important position as a scripture in terms of music so that some scholars even view the Book of Songs as the Scripture of Music. Especially in the Joseon Dynasty when Confucianism took its root firmly, the view that considered the Book of Songs as music with lyrics, not just as literary text, spread widely. If a poem that used to have a melody has only its text left, its melody will be imagined differently by different people. So during the Joseon Dynasty, the melody of the Book of Songs that had been chosen by Zhu Xi, who held academic authority, was introduced to Joseon, touched up, and used in various ceremonies. In addition, the edifying function of the text of the Book of Songs led to the efforts to combine the lyrics with various melodies that were used at that time. Such efforts can be found in the aspect of choosing lyrics of the Book of Songs, which were used in establishing various ceremonies in the early Joseon era. In the meantime, in the late Joseon era, there were in-depth academic discussions on the Book of Songs along with the theme of ‘poetry and music’. Like this, there were various cases where music in the Joseon Dynasty accepted or used the Book of Songs and this paper discussed such aspect. First of all, this paper examined the aspect of how Joseon accepted and used what China made as trial poetry and music, since the music of the Book of Songs does not exist now. Second, it reviewed the aspect of combining the lyrics of the Book of Songs with a third melody. Third, it studied the aspect of how music related to the Book of Songs was used in various ceremonies. Also, it discussed the developing aspect of the study of poetry and music that was formed under the premise that the Book of Songs was ‘music with songs’.

석북 한시의 공연예술화에 대한 소고

송지원 ( Song Ji-won ) 한국공연문화학회(구 한국고전희곡학회) 2016 공연문화연구 Vol.0 No.33

석북 신광수는 시창(詩唱) 「관서악부(關西樂府)」의 작가로 잘 알려진 조선후기의 시인이다. 「관서악부」는 조선시대의 음악인들에게 인기가 있었던 시창이다. 그것을 통해 신광수의 한시에 선율을 붙여 노래 불렀던 전통이 이미 조선시대에 있었음이 확인된다. 이는 조선시대의 한시가 노랫말로 사용되었던 증거의 하나이다. 석북 외에도 조선시대의 문인들은 한시를 짓고 직접 노래했다. 이 경우 노래의 소통 공간은 작자 개인의 사랑방이 된다. 그러나 석북의 작품처럼 그것이 음악인들에 의해 노래로 불려질 때, 이는 많은 사람들과 소통하는 음악으로 공개된다. 이 글은 이미 조선시대에 사람들의 인기를 얻었던 석북 신광수의 한시와 음악을 이 시대의 무대에서도 소통될 수 있는 음악으로 만들기 위한 하나의 새로운 시도이다. 그의 한시를 일정 선율에 얹어 실제 무대를 통해 음악화한 작업의 사례를 소개함으로써 한시의 공연예술화에 대해 생각해 보는 기회를 갖기 위한 것이다. 신광수의 한시는 그 작품 수도 많지만 한시 하나하나에 그의 삶을 조망할 수 있는 내용이 포함되어 있다. 따라서 그의 한시 작품을 통해 그의 삶에서 있었던 주요한 사건을 이야기하는 ‘스토리텔링’이 가능해진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신광수의 음악적 삶을 조명하고 그의 한시를 공연예술화하는 방식과 그 내용에 대해 소개해 보고자 한다. Shin Gwang-su (申光洙, 1712∼1775), also known as Seokbuk (石北), is a well-known poet and author of the song poetry (詩唱) “Gwanseo-akbu (Poems of the Gwanseo Region, 關西樂府)” in the late Joseon Dynasty. “Gwanseo-akbu” was popular among the Joseon Dynasty musicians. This fact confirms that the tradition of adding a melody to Shin Gwang-su’s “hansi (Korean poetry recorded in Chinese characters, 漢詩)” already existed in the Joseon Dynasty. It is also a proof that the hansi poem was used in songs. Besides Seokbuk, other literary figures in the Joseon Dynasty wrote and sang hansi. In that case, the place of communication for songs was a poet’s personal study, or “sarangbang.” But when, like the works by Seokbuk, poems were sung by musicians, they became available to the public to communicate through music. This study is one of the attempts to re-make Seokbuk Shin Gwang-su’s poems and songs, once popular among the Joseon Dynasty people, into the contemporary music that can be performed on stage. By adding a certain melody to his poems, this study introduces a case of musical work and offers an opportunity to consider hansi as performance art. There is a number of hansi works by Shin Gwang-su, and each poem includes material which can help survey Shin Gwang-su’s musical life. And, working on his hansi works makes it possible to narrate major events that took place in Shin’s life. Thus, this study attempts to focus Shin Gwang-su’s musical life and introduces methods and contents to stage his hansi poems as performance art.

Dysregulated Production of IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-10 by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Early Active Pulmonary and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients

Ji-Sook Lee,Hee-Sook Son,Chang-Hwa Song,Hwa-Jung Kim,Jeong-Kyu Park,Tae-Hyun Paik,Ji-Won Suhr,Chul-Hee Kim,Suck-Jun Kong,Mal-Hyun Shon,Eun-Kyeong Jo 대한미생물학회 2002 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.32 No.2

A Web-based Health Information Survey for Korean Human Milk Bank and Cur-rent Issues

( Won-ho Hahn ),( Nam Mi Kang ),( Ji A Jung ),( Seunghyun Song ),( Suyeon Park ),( Hyun-jun Kim ) 대한주산의학회 2017 Perinatology Vol.28 No.2

Objective: We evaluated the Korean mothers` level of awareness of human milk bank (HMB) in order to find out the issues in establishing HMB in Korea. These mothers had infants younger than 18 months old to find out the issues that would help establishment of HMB in Korea. Methods: The survey questionnaire was developed by a team composed by nurses, neonatolo-gists, obstetricians, nutritionists, health care specialists and faculty members. The internet survey was performed by sending emails to mothers who are registered to M family members and have children younger than 18 months. In total, 864 questionnaire were gathered from 114,469 answers and the results were analyzed. Results: Fifty two point eight percent of the respondents had awareness of HMB. 79.4% of sub-jects agreed with the necessity of HMB. On the basis of multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the numbers of children, awareness of HMB, the concern on the HMB in Korea, and the expected problems in establishing HMB in Korea were significant factors when evaluating the necessity of HMB in Korea. The common factors associated with positive thinking of potential users, donors and recipients were the awareness of HMB, and the experience of feeding own breast milk to other`s babies. Conclusion: More than half of Korean women were found to agree with the necessity of HMB in Korea, even though they had concern on infection controls and management of HMB and the purpose and function of HMB was not widely educated. The establishment of HMB in Korea would be effective with public education and considering their demands.

Prognostic Value of Primary Tumor Uptake on F-18 FDG PET/CT in Patients with Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer

Song, Bong-Il,Hong, Chae-Moon,Lee, Hong-Je,Kang, Sung-Min,Jeong, Shin-Young,Kim, Hae-Won,Chae, Yee-Soo,Park, Ji-Young,Lee, Sang-Woo,Ahn, Byeong-Cheol,Lee, Jae-Tae The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.45 No.2

Purpose To determine the prognostic implications of pretreatment F-18 FDG PET/CT in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC), we evaluated the relationship between FDG uptake of the primary tumor and known prognostic parameters of breast cancer. Prognostic significance of tumoral FDG uptake for the prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) was also assessed. Materials and Methods Fifty-five female patients with IDC who underwent pretreatment F-18 FDG PET/CT were enrolled. The maximum standardized uptake value of the primary tumor (pSUVmax) was compared with clinicopathological parameters including tumor size, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2), axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis, and stage. The prognostic value of pSUVmax for PFS was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results A high pSUVmax was significantly related to a higher stage of tumor size (P<0.05), grade (P<0.001), and stage (P<0.001). pSUVmax was significantly higher in ER-negative tumors (P<0.001), PR-negative tumors (P<0.001), and positive LN metastasis (P<0.01), but not different according to HER2 status. pSUVmax was significantly higher in patients with progression compared to patients who were disease-free ($10.6{\pm}5.1$ vs. $4.7{\pm}3.5$, P<0.001). A receiver-operating characteristic curve demonstrated a pSUVmax of 6.6 to be the optimal cutoff for predicting PFS (sensitivity; 86.7%, specificity; 82.5%). The patients with a high pSUVmax (more than 6.6) had significantly shorter PFS compared to patients with a low pSUVmax (P<0.0001). Conclusions pSUVmax on pretreatment F-18 FDG PET/CT could be used as a good surrogate marker for the prediction of progression in patients with IDC.

S-664 Clinical utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement for chronic cough: A meta-analysis

( Ji-su Shim ),( Soo-jie Chung ),( Sung-do Moon ),( Ha-kyeong Won ),( Woo-jung Song ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Background: Chronic cough is a common clinical syndrome affecting 10% of general populations. Cough variant asthma (CVA) and eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) are major conditions for chronic cough hypersensitivity. However, methacholine challenge or induced sputum tests are technically demanding, and not widely available. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement has strengths for simplicity, rapidity and non-invasiveness. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies published until January 2016, with following three research questions; “What is the diagnostic accuracy of FeNO 1) for CVA in chronic cough, 2) for ‘CVA and/or EB’ in chronic cough, or 3) for EB in non-asthmatic chronic cough?”. The hierarchical summary ROC (HSROC) model was used to examine the overall diagnostic property of FeNO in each research question. Results: A total of 17 studies (2,358 adult patients) were finally selected. First, the HSROC analyses showed a moderated diagnostic accuracy of FeNO in detecting CVA (summary area under the curve [AUC] 0.87 [95% CI 0.84-0.90]). FeNO also had a moderate accuracy (summary AUC 0.89 [95% CI 0.86-0.92]) in detecting ‘CVA and/or EB’. However, FeNO had a relatively lower accuracy (summary AUC 0.81 [95% CI 0.77-0.84]) in detecting EB among non-asthmatic chronic cough. In the HSROC curves, high and consistent specificity of FeNO for CVA was observed. Publication bias was not significant in each analysis. Conclusions: FeNO test has overall moderate diagnostic utility for CVA and/or EB in adult patients with chronic cough. However, FeNO has a diagnostic potential to be utilized as a ‘rule in’ test for CVA.

Induction of autophagy during in vitro maturation improves the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes

Song, Bong-Seok,Kim, Ji-Su,Kim, Young-Hyun,Sim, Bo-Woong,Yoon, Seung-Bin,Cha, Jae-Jin,Choi, Seon-A,Yang, Hae-Jun,Mun, Seong-Eun,Park, Young-Ho,Jeong, Kang-Jin,Huh, Jae-Won,Lee, Sang-Rae,Kim, Sang-Hyun CSIRO Publishing 2014 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.26 No.7

<P> While a critical role of autophagy in mammalian early embryogenesis has been demonstrated, few studies have been conducted regarding the role of autophagy in in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes. In the present study we investigated the effect of rapamycin, a chemical autophagy inducer, on the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes. Rapamycin treatment led to increased expression of LC3-II, an autophagy marker. Compared with the control group, as well as the 5 and 10 nM rapamycin treatment groups, the rate of MII oocyte production was higher in the 1 nM rapamycin treatment group, indicating improvement in nuclear maturation. In the analyses of cytoplasmic maturation, we found that the level of p34cdc2, a cytoplasmic maturation marker, and the monospermic fertilisation rate were higher in the 1 nM rapamycin treatment group than in the other groups. Moreover, the beneficial effect of 1 nM rapamycin on cytoplasmic maturation of MII oocytes was further evidenced by increases in blastocyst formation rate, total cell number and cell survival. In the blastocyst embryos, anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL transcript levels were elevated in the 1 nM rapamycin-treated group, whereas pro-apoptotic Bax transcript levels were decreased. Collectively, these results suggest that induction of autophagy during IVM contributes to enhancement of the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes. </P>

Glycated Albumin Causes Pancreatic β-Cells Dysfunction Through Autophagy Dysfunction

Song, Young Mi,Song, Sun Ok,You, Young-Hye,Yoon, Kun-Ho,Kang, Eun Seok,Cha, Bong Soo,Lee, Hyun Chul,Kim, Ji-Won,Lee, Byung-Wan The Endocrine Society 2013 Endocrinology Vol.154 No.8

<P>Growing evidence suggests that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are cytotoxic to pancreatic β-cells. The aims of this study were to investigate whether glycated albumin (GA), an early precursor of AGEs, would induce dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells and to determine which kinds of cellular mechanisms are activated in GA-induced β-cell apoptosis. Decreased viability and increased apoptosis were induced in INS-1 cells treated with 2.5 mg/mL GA under 16.7mM high-glucose conditions. Insulin content and glucose-stimulated secretion from isolated rat islets were reduced in 2.5 mg/mL GA-treated cells. In response to 2.5 mg/mL GA in INS-1 cells, autophagy induction and flux decreased as assessed by green fluorescent protein–microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 dots, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II conversion, and SQSTM1/p62 in the presence and absence of bafilomycin A1. Accumulated SQSTM1/p62 through deficient autophagy activated the nuclear factor-κB (p65)-inducible nitric oxide synthase-caspase-3 cascade, which was restored by treatment with small interfering RNA against p62. Small interfering RNA treatment against autophagy-related protein 5 significantly inhibited the autophagy machinery resulting in a significant increase in iNOS-cleaved caspase-3 expression. Treatment with 500μM 4-phenyl butyric acid significantly alleviated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and iNOS in parallel with upregulated autophagy induction. However, in the presence of bafilomycin A1, the decreased viability of INS-1 cells was not recovered. Glycated albumin, an early precursor of AGE, caused pancreatic β-cell death by inhibiting autophagy induction and flux, resulting in nuclear factor-κB (p65)-iNOS-caspase-3 cascade activation as well as by increasing susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress.</P>

Arcturina serrulatus sp. nov. and a new record of Limnoria rhombipunctata (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Isopoda) from South Korea

SONG, JI-HUN,PARK, TAESEO,KIM, WON,MIN, GI-SIK Magnolia Press 2017 Zootaxa Vol.4286 No.3

<P>A new benthic isopod species, Arcturina serrulatus sp. nov. (Arcturidae Dana, 1849), is described from South Korea. Additionally, we report Limnoria rhombipunctata Yoshino, Watabe & Ohsawa, 2017 (Limnoriidae White, 1850) from the rhizome of Zostera sp. (seagrass). These are the first records of species belonging to the families Arcturidae and Limnoriidae from South Korea. We provide detailed descriptions of the diagnostic characters of the two species. We also determined their partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) for molecular diagnosis. </P>

Scar-Saving Flap during Serial Excision by Borrowing from the Opposite Side

( Ji Yeon Lim ),( Won Keun Song ),( Kyu Kwang Whang ) 대한피부과학회 2008 Annals of Dermatology Vol.20 No.3

Background: Congenital melanocytic nevi may have various shapes according to the anatomic location. Therefore, it is desirable to apply proper surgical designs to the diverse forms considering the characteristics of the sites as well as the shape and size. Objective: The purpose of this article is to introduce a new scar-saving flap design for semicircular defects after removing congenital melanocytic nevi without excising additional normal skin. Methods: In most cases to excise semicircular nevi, normal skin should be excised to prevent dog ear, resulting in the long length of the scar. So we use a new scar-saving flap design by borrowing a partial length from the opposite side. Results: We used this new technique for 4 cases of large semicircular skin defects. In all cases, this method had some advantages from this perspective: (1) it does not require excision of normal adjacent skin to convert a semicircular defect into a crescent shape or to remove dog-ears (2) the final suture line is not much longer than the diameter of the original defect and (3) it makes the removal of a much larger volume possible in one procedure rather than using the classic serial excision technique, which consists of a central elliptical excision within the confines of the nevus. In this way the frequency of procedures and discomfort to the patient can be reduced. Conclusion: We think that a scar-saving flap design by borrowing a partial length from the opposite side can be a good strategy for a semicircular skin defect. (Ann Dermatol(Seoul) 20(3) 120~125, 2008)