19세기 전ㆍ중반기 프랑스 선교사들의 조선 입국 시도와 서해 해로

김규성(Kim Gyu-Seong) 한국교회사연구소 2009 敎會史硏究 Vol.0 No.32

The purpose of this thesis is to find out about the process to seek Korean entry route of French missionaries. Bishop Ferreol envisioned this work. And Father Kim-Dae-Geon(金大建) practiced it. This thesis also put great emphasis on the exploitation of the entry route through the seaway of the West Sea. There were several attempts to seek entry route of missionaries before 1843: Bishop Ferreol was appointed to Korean Vicar Apostolic in that year. In those days, the envoy's march which Korea(Jo-seon) sent to China(Cheong) was in existence. They used the route through Ui-ju Byeon-mun(義州 邊門). The emissaries of Korean church utilized this route. Father Ju-Mun-Mo entered through this way. Three French missionaries also came in by similar way. But this route was interrupted after 1839's Persecution. On December 1842, Kim-Dae-Geon searched around Ui-ju Byeon-mun. He met Kim Francisco on the envoy's march of the Winter Solstice at that time. The whole circumstances of 1839's Persecution and the situation of Korean church were reported on the outside. The connection with Korean church have been cut off since 1839's Persecution. It restored in the third year. He tried out infiltration in Korea after succeeding to contact with emissary. He wanted to take Father Maistre in Korea. Therefore he entered alone to Korea on February of the next year. But he should return as it failed to attain the desired end. Bishop Ferreol was appointed to Korean Vicar Apostolic in 1843. After that, he envisioned the entry route to penetrate effectively in Korea. And he selected Father Kim with practician of his plot. He was a seminarian at that time. Bishop Ferreol thought that Korean priest effectively would practice this plot. Besides Father Kim had courage, bravery and geographical faculty. These became important backgrounds that he was selected. At first, they envisioned and attempted the plan to enter through a land route. This route is passing Ui-ju Byeon-mun or the Northeast. Kim-Dae-Geon directly explored this area and attempted a entry. But this didn't succeed. The reason was that it would be dangerous to french missionaries of different appearance. Besides a guard of the frontier had been solemn since 1839's Persecution. Bishop Ferreol also envisioned entry through the Seaway of The West Sea on behalf of a land route. Bishop Imbert and Father Maubant had already devised this plan. In 1840, Bishop Ferreol discovered the letter which contain this scheme. He probably has referred to this letter. Kim-Dae-Geon was ordained deacon on December 1844. Thereafter he entered to Korea alone. Then he received direction from Bishop Ferreol to inquire the plan to enter through the Seaway of the West Sea. When he went to Shang-hai(上海) to be ordained priest, he passed by seaway. He was ordained priest on August 1845. After that, he entered to Korea with Bishop Ferreol and Father Daveluy by similar way. However the seaway also was dangerous and uncertain because of strict surveillance and wind wave. So Bishop Ferreol envisioned a method to use Chinese fishing craft to come and go in coast of Hwang-hai-do(黃海道) for a fishery. And he commanded exploitation of entry route by this method to Father Kim. Father Kim was arrested on the way exploration of this coast for this work. And he died for his belief. The exploitation of entry route was shrunk for a little time due to aftereffect of Father Kim's arrest and martyr. But it was continued to attempt to enter by Ui-ju Byeon-mun and coast of Hwang-hai-do in the long run. Father Choi-Yang-Eob(崔良業) entered to Korea by Ui-ju Byeon-mun on December 1849. Three missionaries including Bishop Berneux arrived in Korea by coast of Hwang-hai-do on March 1856. Thereafter another missionaries used similar seaway. In addition, Father Kim had already made geographics datas on his way to exploit. They were utilized to entry of missionaries actually. The attempt of Korean Entry of French Missionarie

전도된 묵시문학으로서의 「하늘의 다리」

김진규 ( Kim Jin-gyu ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2018 민족문학사연구 Vol.67 No.-

이 논문은 「하늘의 다리」를 전도된 묵시문학으로 읽음으로써 세 가지 사실을 규명하고자 했다. 첫째, 작품 속 ‘하늘의 다리’란 환상을 대면하고 그것을 그림으로 그리는 것은 월남민 김준구와 한동순 가족이 겪는 고난의 의미를 규명하고, 더 나아가 한국인의 삶과 죽음에 의미를 부여하는 문화(‘입명의 양식’)를 탐구하는 과정이다. 둘째, 텍스트에서 김준구의 경험은 남한 전체의 그것으로 확대되지만, 당대 사회 현실에 대한 김준구의 방관자적 태도로 인해 그러한 대표성은 정당성을 상실한다. 작품에서 김준구가 본 ‘하늘의 다리’란 환상이 ‘강변3로 살인사건’과 ‘와우아파트 붕괴 사고’를 통해 실체로 구현됨으로써 그의 소외와 고난은 남한 사회의 문제로 확대된다. 하지만 두 사건의 현장에서 그는 스스로를 ‘한가한 산책자’로 정위한다. 타자와의 소통과 연대를 결여한 월남 체험의 특권화는 김준구의 소외를 더욱 심화시킨다. 셋째, 「하늘의 다리」는 김준구를 ‘범인’으로 재정위함으로써 김준구와 당대 현실 사이의 거리를 비판하고 극복할 단초를 제공한다. 김준구는 살인사건과 아파트 붕괴 현장에서 스스로를 ‘범인’으로 인식한다. 이러한 죄의식은 일차적으로 지배체제에의 순응에 대한 것이고, 궁극적으로는 자신의 고난과 구원만을 특권화하는 주체중심성에 대한 것이다. 예술가로서의 실패와 한동순 가족의 실종 원인을 피난의 문제로만 환원하고, 타자의 고통에 공감하지 않는 김준구의 태도야말로 김준구가 ‘하늘의 다리’란 환상을 끝내 그리지 못하는 이유라고 볼 수 있다. 피난민의 경험을 본질화하고 추상화하는 것에서 벗어나, 자신의 소외를 바탕으로 타자의 고통을 자신의 것으로 받아들일 때 김준구는 자신의 절망과 공포에서 벗어날 수 있는 것이다. This paper attempted to clarify three facts by reading the “Leg on the Sky” as an inverted apocalyptic literature. First, Joon-goo’s drawing ‘leg on the sky’ is a process of revealing the meaning of the sufferings of Kim Joon-gu and Han Dong-soon family, and furthermore, the culture that gives meaning to the life and death of Korean. Second, Kim’s experiences in the text are extended to that of the whole of Korean, but such representation lose their legitimacy due to Joon-goo’s onlooker’s attitude toward the current social reality such as ‘murder case of Jung In-suk’ and ‘the Collapse of the Wawoo Apartment Complex building.’ Third, “Leg on the Sky” redefines Kim Joon-goo as a “criminal,” thereby providing a basis for criticizing and overcoming the distance between Kim Joon-goo and contemporary reality. Kim Joon-goo sees himself as a “criminal” in the murder case of Jung In-suk and the Collapse of the Wawoo Apartment Complex building. This guilt is primarily about compliance with the ruling system, and ultimately about the subjectcentrism, which privileges only his suffering and salvation. Kim Joon-goo can overcome his despair and fear when he takes on the suffering of the others based on his experience of refugee.

장공 김재준 목사의 “삶의 신앙” 지향적 설교에 관한 연구

김윤규 ( Yun Gyu Kim ) 한국개혁신학회 2013 한국개혁신학 Vol.38 No.-

장공 김재준 목사는 저명한 신학자, 저술가, 명문장가 또는 위대한 사상가로 알려졌다. 그러나 어떤 의미에서 그는 일생동안 뛰어난 ‘성서학자’ 로서 겸손하고 헌신적인 ‘설교자’였다. 그는 언제나 ‘생생한 복음의 소리’(viva vox evangelii)를 경청했고, ‘삶의 신앙’을 추구한 ‘통전적 영성’을 소유한 ‘설교자’였다. 그는 끊임없이 하나님의 뜻과 의(義)가 이 땅위에서 실현되기를 기도했고, 또한 설교를 통해 회중들에게, 특히 지성인들에게 ‘삶의 신앙’을 선포했다. 그는 언제나 ‘범우주적인 공동체형성’을 위해 성령의 도우심을 간구했고, 자신을 희생했다. 이 논문에서 연구자는 먼저 전 18권으로 된 ‘金在俊全集’과 수없이 많은 설교들을 통해서 장공의 ‘설교자’로서의 ‘위격’과 그의 설교유형의 특성을 추적할 것이다. 그 다음에 연구자는 장공의 설교들 가운데서 동일한 본문으로 행한 두 편의 설교를 대비하여 분석하고 평가함으로써, 오늘날 점차 고조되고 있는 ‘설교의 위기’에 대한 적절한 대답을 찾을 것이다. Changgong Jaejoon Kim has been called a famous theologian, writer and also great thinker. However his entire life he was a wise, excellent biblical scholar, and also a humble, devoted Preacher. He always was eager to listen to the “viva vox evangelii”(the living Good News- Gospel), and was a “Faith of Life-oriented” Preacher with wholistic spirituality. He prayed for actualizing and realizing of God`s Will and His Justice and Righteousness in the earth. And to his audience, specially to the Intellectuals he proclaimed ``Faith and Life`` in balance. he was continuously focusing ``Cosmic Community``. For the sake of that he prayed for the ``Illumination`` of the Holy Spirit, and also for that matter he sacrificed himself. First of all, in this writing are reviewed his style of preaching and his personality through ``Changgong Jeonjip 18 volumes and many of Kim`s sermons. Secondly, Kim`s two sermons with same text and verses(in the year of 1956 & 1975) are compared, analized and evaluated, so that we find out the answer and solution of Today`s Preaching Crisis.

Application of heterogeneous RNA probes labeled immuno-fluorescent agent DIG for the screening a noble gene in cucumber

Kim,Dai-Hee,Kim,Byung-Oh,Park,Gyu-Hwan,Takahashi,Hideyuki,Kim,Kyung-Min 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.2

We tried to isolating a noble gene from cucumber library with heterogeneouse RNA probe labeled DIG of Arabidopsis PIN3 gene. Two kinds of RNA probes which had no significant homology each others, were designed from the 5 - and 3 - prime nucleotides of the AtPIN3 gene. In the first and second screenings of the cDNA library of cucumber with the probes, two positive clones were identified with specific duplicate signals. However, we isolated cDNA fragments homologous with putative nucleases from Nicotiana, Arabidopsis, Cordialis, and Oryza sativa, there was no significant homology with any other PIN family genes.

[스마트대전력 및 고전압기술] 가속전극의 적용에 따른 이온풍 발생 특성

김철규(Chol-Gyu Kim),장경민(Kyeong-Min Jang),김진규(Jin-GyuㆍKim) 대한전기학회 2019 전기학회논문지 Vol.68 No.5

Currently, the devices to generate ion winds in air are mainly composed of corona electrodes and induction(ground) electrodes, of which the corona electrodes mainly use needles or wires as electrodes and the induction electrodes use plate electrodes of ring or mesh type. Ion winds can be effectively generated through a diverse combination of corona electrodes and induction electrodes mentioned above. However, only changing the form and structure of corona electrodes and induction electrodes has a limit in raising the speed of ion winds. This paper conducted a study on the characteristics of ion wind generation by additionally installing acceleration electrodes in addition to corona electrodes and induction electrodes to increase the speed of ion winds.

Kidney Toxicity Induced by 13 Weeks Exposure to the Fruiting Body of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Rats

Mihye Jeong,Young-Won Kim,Jeong-Ran Min,Min Kwon,Beom-Suk Han,Jeong-Gyu Kim,Sang-Hee Jeong 한국독성학회 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (β2m), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-α), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

Kidney Toxicity Induced by 13 Weeks Exposure to the Fruiting Body of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Rats

Jeong, Mi-Hye,Kim, Young-Won,Min, Jeong-Ran,Kwon, Min,Han, Beom-Suk,Kim, Jeong-Gyu,Jeong, Sang-Hee Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (${\beta}2m$), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-${\alpha}$), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

바리온 OCTET의 첫째 여기상태에 대한 자기능률

김석곤,최규현,김경훈,김병택 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 論文集 Vol.40 No.1

현상학적인 Bag모델을 이용하여 바리온 octet의 첫째 여기상태에 대한 자기능률을 계산하였다. 바리온이 여기됐을 때 그 자기능률의 절대치는 바닥상태의 값보다 작아짐을 알 수 있었다. We calculated the magnetic moments of the first excited states of the baryon octet in the phenomenological bag model. It is found that the absolute values of magnetic moments are smaller than those of the ground states when the baryons are excited.

병재배 폐톱밥을 이용한 양송이 복토재료 개발에 관한 연구

김홍규,이희덕,김용균,한규홍,문창식,김홍기 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

애느타리 병재배후 탈병한 톱밥을 3월 중순 퇴적하여 부숙시킨 결과 퇴적기간에 따른 폐톱밥의 부숙정도는 퇴적 30일이후에 가장 컸으며 부숙 소요일수는 최소 48일이었다. 퇴적 기간에 따른 폐톱밥의 pH 및 총 질소 함량은 부숙이 진전됨에 따라 증가하는 경향이었고 총 탄소 및 C/N율은 시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. 식양토에 부숙이 완료된 톱밥을 부피 비율로 10, 30, 50%씩 첨가하여 복토 재료로 사용한 결과 30% 첨가시 식양토 단용 처리보다 A. bisporus 균사 생장이 촉진되고 초발이 소요일수가 5일 빠르며, 수량에 있어서도 28% 증수되었다. After bottle culture of Pleurotus ostreatus, sawdust was taken out from the bottle and accumulated in the middle of March, and then composted. As the result, Y value was decreased rapidly 30 days after composting, and it was decreased slowly after 30 days. It is considered that 118 days is required for composting, however, it is possible to use for casing material after at least 48 days composting. The pH and total nitrogen content of sawdust based on composting period had tendency to increase as composting was processed. Total carbon and C/N rate had tendency to decrease as time went on. Based on the rate of 10, 30 and 50%, each sawdust was added to clay loam used as casing material for culturing A. bisporrus. Among various treatments, the mycelial growth of A. bisporus was more favorable in the treatment of 30% sawdust than in the single treatment of clay loam. Based on the date necessary for primodium formation of A. bisporus, the primodium formation in the treatment of 30% sawdust was reduced to about 5 days as compared with that of any other treatments When 30% sawdust was added to clay loam used as casing material for culturing A. bisporus, the yield of its fruiting body was increased to 28%.

정신과 입원환자의 서비스 만족척도의 개발

김철권,이지연,송영선,김규호,김경률,김제원,이동기,최병무 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.3

목적 본 연구의 목적은 국내 정신의료기관(정신병원, 종합병원 정신과)에서 간편하게 사용할 수 있는 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증된 입원환자의 서비스 만족척도를 개발하기 위한 것이다. 방법 여러 단계를 거쳐 국내 실정에 맞는 문항을 개발하였고,정신병원, 종합병원, 대학병원 정신과 병동에서 퇴원하는 348명의 환자들을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도를 조사하였다. 요인분석 결과 5개의 요인이 추출되었으며 전체 변량의 63.04%를 설명하였다. 내적 일관성에 대한 신뢰도 계수 (Crohnbach's α)는 0.95로 상당히 높은 수준이었고, 수정된 개별문항-총점 상관계수는 0.50부터 0.72까지의 범위에 속하였다. 요인분석을 통해 추출된 서비스 만족척도의 각 하위척도 점수와 서비스 만족척도에 첨부된 각 영역에 대해 전반적인 만족도를 묻는 세 개의 문항 점수 간의 상관성 역시 유의하게 높았다. 결과 진단명에 따른 서비스 만족척도의 전체 점수에서는 불안/신체형/강박장애 환자군과 기분장애 환자군이 각각 정신분열병 및 기타 정신병 환자군과 알코올중독 장애 환자군에 비하여 유의하게 높은 점수를 보였으며, 입원형태에 있어서는 자발적 입원군이 강제 입원군에 비하여 전체 만족점수가 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 성별, 월수입, 학력, 직업, 종교, 결혼상태 등의 변수에서는 서비스 만족척도의 전체 점수에서 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았으며, 마찬가지로 연령, 입원일수, 입원횟수, 첫 발병나이, 유병기간 등의 임상적 변수에서도 서비스 만족척도의 전체 점수와 유의한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 서비스 만족척도의 전체점수에서 대학병원 환자군이 정신병원 환자군과 종합병원 환자군에 비하여 각각 유의하게 높았다. 결론 결론적으로 국내 정신의료기관에 입원한 환자들의 서비스 만족을 평가하기 위한 목적으로 개발된 본 척도는 높은 수준의 신뢰도와 타당도를 보였으며, 또 국내 정신의료 환경에 맞는 요인구조를 보였다. 따라서 정신의료 서비스에 대한 정신과 환자의 만족도에 대한 연구가 거의 없는 실정에서 본 척도의 개발은 향후 국내 정신의료의 질과 치료결과를 높이는 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Objectives : To develop and test the validity and reliability of a brief self-completed questionnaire (Service Satisfaction Scale : SSS) for routinely assessing the quality of service in psychiatric ward inpatients. Methods : A 30-item multidimensional questionnaire was developed by several steps of face validity and content validity. The questionnaire was administered to inpatients (n=348) discharged from psychiatric hospitals, general hospitals, and University hospitals. Construct validity was supported by performing principal component analysis. Reliability was estimated by calculating internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha. Results : Factor analysis yielded five factors comprising staff attitude, treatment quality, ward environment, access/cost, and ward rule, which account for 63.04% of the common variance. The internal consistency of the scale was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.95). The concurrent validity was supported by the significant correlation of each of five factors with item that measured overall satisfaction of SSS. Patients with neurosis (anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder) and mood disorders were significantly satisfied than those with psychosis and alcoholic disorders. Patients who admitted voluntarily were more significantly satisfied than those who admitted involuntarily. Sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, monthly income, education level, employment status and religion were not significantly different at the total scores of SSS. Similarly, clinical characteristics such as age of onset, duration of illness, lengths of hospital stay and number of previous hospitalization did not associate significantly with the total scores of SSS. Patients discharged from university hospitals were significantly more satisfied than those of the general and psychiatric hospitals. Conclusion : SSS performed well in the validity and reliability, indicating that it can be a useful tool for measuring Satisfaction of psychiatric inpatients in Korea.