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Cadmium이 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 면역 반응에 미치는 영향
변주영,유민호,전려진,이형호,정현도 한국어병학회 2001 한국어병학회지 Vol.14 No.2
어류의 면역반응에 대한 cadmium (Cd)의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)를 각기 다른 방향으로 Cd에 노출시킨 후 특이적 면역반응의 변화와 Edrwrdsiella tarda KFE (E. tarda KFE)의 인위감염에 대한 저항성을 분석하였다. E. tarda KFE의 formalin killed cell (FKC)로 면역시키기 2주전부터 계속하여 실험 기간동안 침지법으로 Cd(20ppb)에 노출된 시험구는 노출되지 않은 시험구와 양성 대조구보다 혈청 내 특이 항체가가 빠르게 최고치에 이르렀으나, 감소속도는 노출시키지 않은 양성 대조구에 비하여 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 splenocytes를 ELISPOT-assay (enzyme-linked immunospot assay)를 이용하여 특이 항체 생성 세포 (specific antibody secreting cell, SASC) 수를 분석해 보았을 때에도 동일하게 나타났다. 그러나 면역 전 2주 동안만 Cd에 노출시킨 시험구에서는 혈청내 항체생성 결과와는 달리 증가된 SASC의 수를 보여 주었다. 그리고 면역 2주 전부터 실험 전기간동안 계속해서 Cd에 노출시킨 넙치를 대상으로 하여 E. tarda FKC 생균으로 인위 감염시켰을 때 100% 폐사율을 보여 주었다. 이것은 Cd에 지속적으로 노출된 어류에서의 방어 체계는 면역반응뿐만 아니라 독성효과도 함께 고려되어야 하는 복합적인 것임을 확인 할 수 있었다. Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus known as an one of the major aquacultured species in Korea were exposed to cadmium(Cd) with different protocols and analyzed the effects of exposure on the immune response. Antibody levels in sera of the group exposed to Cd(20ppb) by immersion method from 2 weeks before immuniztion with formalinised Edwardsiella tarda(E. tarda) KFE entigen to the end of experiment reached to peak level faster than that of the non-exposed group. After this peaking time the levels decreased much at a faster rate compared to the non-exposed group. This tendency was also appeared in the numbers of specific antibody secreting cells(SASC) analyzed with the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)-assay technique in the splenocytes of the experimental groups exposed to Cd with different ways. Interestingly, the group exposed to Cd for 2 weeks before immunization also showed increased numbers of SASC unlikely the antibody production and suggested a more critical influence of cadmium exposure in early stage of immune reaction. Artificial infection with live E. tarda KFE induces 100% mortality in the flounder exposed to cadmium throughout the experimental period from two weeks before the immunization. It may imply that some other factors related to specific immunity are involving in the defence system of flounder exposed to Cd. Taked together. Cd exposure may induce temporaily stimulatory or indhibitory effects on the immune reaction, but suppress the physiological systems for the resistant against the infective agents with other toxic effects.
Diamond-Like Carbon 코팅을 이용한 금속 장식 용구의 칼라링 및 디자인연구
변건호,김형준,최형우,권도현 한국공예학회 2001 조형디자인연구 Vol.4 No.2
The usual methods of coloring metal ornaments include surface anodizing, plating and painting. However, the anodizing method can apply to AL materials only and the plating method has been causing a severe environmental problem because of the toxicity of materials used. For these methods, surface deteriorations such as decoloration, scratch and corrosion also occur after long-time use. Therefore, a better surface treatment method is needed. This study was conducted to improve corrosion resistance and wear resistance of metal ornaments, and increase their added value by means of the DLC(Diamond-Like-Carbon) coating method, and to expand the range of its application. This study examined the characteristics of the DLC for coloring metal ornaments and the ornamental design for practical application. Coating metal ornaments could be considered as one of promising fields for application of DLC DLC film is very suitable as a coating material because it is an amorphous carbon material based on covalent bond and therefore has excellent hardness, wear resistance, lubricative property, chemical stability and light transmittance. DLC coating film was formed by the PECVD method using 13.56MHz rf plasma and CH4 gas as a material gas. At this time RF power, working pressure, transmittance according to kind and amount of auxiliary gas, and changes in optical band gap were observed. It was shown that the higher the RF power and working pressure, the lower the optical bang gap. This could be demonstrated by observing the amount of carbon-hydrogen bond by means of FT-IR. It was shown that addition of hydrogen and nitrogen would the optical band gap because they serves to break the carbon-hydrogen bond at the time of vapor deposition. The direction of design was set up in the manner that the DLC coating film could be effectively deposited on the surface of an ornament. Design was based on geometric figures and minimalism with plane elements accentuated. Accentuated, partial coating or simple, whole coating was induced by combining quadrangles, triangles and circles basically.
윤현주,변상용,김장형,변영철 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2004 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.2
In this paper, we propose a method generating of instance ontology from web pages for the lodge. First, we analyze non-structured web documents and generate information extraction rules in order to extract specific informations from web sources. And we extract the informations from various web pages related to lodge using generated rules. And then ontology instances are automatically generated through adding OWL semantic information to the extracted informations. Our method is able to cut down on time and cost than a method which generates various ontology instances manually. Also agents can search the information corresponding to semantically what the user needs in the various web pages using numerous vocabulary having same meaning and provide good quality of informations to user.
복부대동맥류를 가진 환자의 후외방 간체 유합에서의 전신 마취
조용현 ( Yong Hyun Cho ),신광일 ( Kwang Il Shin ),김선희 ( Sun Hee Kim ),이동현 ( Dong Hyun Lee ),변상현 ( Sang Hyun Byun ),장원 ( Won Jang ),김형탁 ( Hyung Tak Kim ),김상인 ( Sang In Kim ) 경희대학교 경희의료원 2016 慶熙醫學 Vol.31 No.1
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common degenerative vascular disorder associated with sudden death due to aortic rupture. but relatively few papers have been published that address the general anesthesia for these patients. We experienced successful anesthesia. And the patient was recovered from anesthesia without any adverse effect. We report our clinical experience, including brief review of the relevant literature.
김재현(Jae-Hyun Kim),류기형(Gi-Hyung Ryu),안현주(Hyun-Joo Ahn),이경행(Kyoung-Haeng Lee),이현자(Hyun-Ja Lee),변명우(Myung-Woo Byun) 한국식품영양과학회 2000 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.29 No.5
시판 멸치액젓의 객관적 품질평가 및 그 기준에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 현재 국내에서 유통되는 6개사 멸치액젓의 미생물학적, 화학적, 물성학적 및 관능적 품질특성을 검토하였다. 식염농도의 경우 시판제품 모두 품질 규격보다 높게 나타났고, 수분함량 및 pH의 경우 적합하였다. 아미노태 질소, 휘발성 염기태 질소 및 TMA도 제품간의 함량 범위가 다양하게 나타났으며, 시판 제품중에는 아미노태 질소 함량이 규격치에 도달하지 못하고 관능적으로 부적합한 제품이 유통되는 것으로 나타났다. 미생물의 경우 식품에 존재시 위해 가능성이 있는 병원성 세균이 검출되어 품질의 안정화를 위한 위생화 기술이 요구되었다. 관능검사와의 상관관계에서 아미노태질소, 휘발성 염기태질소 및 물리적 특성인 점도가 상관성이 큰 것으로 나타나 품질평가의 기준으로 적합하였다. Commercially distributed salted and fermented anchovy sauces in Korea were purchased from six different companies. Microbiological, chemical, rheological and sensory analyses were carried out to evaluate the quality and safety and to provide basic information of the products. The salinity of every product was lower than that of regulatory standard. All samples tested had acceptable in moisture content and pH. However, wide range of amino nitrogen (AN), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and trimethylamine (TMA) contents were observed. One product among tested had lower level of AN than regulatory standard. Pathogenic micro- organisms were also detected from the samples, therefore sanitation procedure will be needed to ensure safety. From the results, AN, VBN, and viscosity were highly correlated to sensory scores, suggesting that these values can be utilized as a standard method to evaluate quality of the salted and fermented anchovy sauce.
Hyun-Hak Do,Kyeonghwa Byun,Seung-Geun Kim,Jae-Hyung Seo 한국농촌건축학회 2016 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.18 No.4
The purpose of this study is to evaluate user satisfaction with village bathhouses, selected from a two-year pilot project of common facilities for seniors in rural areas from 2014 to 2015. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire to evaluate user satisfaction, and 96 questionnaires were collected from 10 village bathhouses. User satisfaction was evaluated in five categories with a five-point scale: location and spatial composition; emotions and intimacy; safety; hygiene and equipment; and maintenance and management. The results are as follows. First, scores on hygiene and equipment stood at four points or higher, indicating higher user satisfaction. However, scores on the other four categories were below four points. But when overall user satisfaction was evaluated on a five-point scale, the average score stood at 4.13out of five points and 89.5 out of 100 points. These findings suggest that users were generally satisfied with the bathhouses. Second, a comparison of bathing patterns from before and after bathhouse construction in villages revealed that 42.7% of residents had previously gone to neighboring villages to bathe. Local bathhouse construction led to an increase in overall bathing frequency, exerting a beneficial effect on hygiene. Third, general user satisfaction correlated more closely with items related to location and spatial composition than items of other categories, indicating that the architectural elements of the bathhouses have a major impact. Finally, access to a bathhouse at all times showed strong correlation with satisfaction levels, suggesting a need for the establishment of more bathhouses throughout rural areas.