Lessons Learned from Turkish Refugee Law and Legal Challenges for South Korea

( Kwon Hyewon ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2023 동북아법 Vol.15 No.-

The international community has been witnessing an unprecedented refugee crisis in the 21st since the Syrian refugee crisis in 2015. In fact, the Russia-Ukraine war caused a humanitarian disaster involving more than four million displaced people. The Ukrainian refugee crisis has become the fastest refugee growth crisis in Europe since World War II. In 2023, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake in southeastern Türkiye and northern Syria caused a disastrous tragedy for refugees as well as the people of Türkiye and Syria, recording a death toll of more than 40,000. Turkiye protects approximately 4 million refugees including 3.7 million Syrians. Türkiye, which has long been a transit country for foreigners due to the geographic position, enacted Law 6458 on Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP), the first integrated law related to refugees, in 2013. In the following year, the Temporary Protection Regulation was enacted for regulating mass influx of people who need international protection. However, there is a gap between the law and reality on the refugee issue due to the large number of refugee applicants in Türkiye. Compared to Türkiye, South Korea has a relatively short history of accepting refugees because of its geographical location. The country enacted Asia’s first single refugee-related law in 2013. Yet, there is still much room for development in the Korean legal system regarding refugees. By providing an overview of both countries’ refugee law, the article attempts to critically examine refugee laws in Türkiye and South Korea with a comparative analysis.

Re-examining the Politics of U.S. Military Bases: A Study on South Korea and Türkiye (Turkey)

Hyewon Kwon 한국학술연구원 2023 Korea Observer Vol.54 No.3

Allowing a foreign military in a sovereign country is often controversial. Yet, the United States has had hundreds of military facilities in foreign nations, including South Korea and Türkiye (Turkey) for nearly seven decades. The two American allies have traded partial autonomy in return for the military assistance of the U.S. This study selects the two G20 member states for a comparative case study, given their geostrategic importance to the U.S. defense agenda from the Cold War era to the present. This article aims to elucidate how American military bases are politically affected by the security situation and anti-Americanism in the host nations. Furthermore, this paper underscores the imperative for both countries to recalibrate their stances on American military bases amid the continuously evolving international political landscape, utilizing the Autonomy Security Trade-off Model as a framework.

The effect of salinomycin on ovarian cancer stem-like cells

( Hyewon Chung ),( Yu-hwan Kim ),( Myoung Kwon ),( So-jin Shin ),( Sang-hoon Kwon ),( Soon-do Cha ),( Chi-heum Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.59 No.4

Objective The identification of cancer stem-like cells is a recent development in ovarian cancer. Compared to other cancer cells, cancer stem-like cells present more chemo-resistance and more aggressive characteristics. They play an important role in the recurrence and drug resistance of cancer. Therefore, the target therapy of cancer stem-like cell may become a promising and effective approach for ovarian cancer treatment. It may also help to provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods The OVCAR3 cell line was cultured under serum-free conditions to produce floating spheres. The CD44+CD117+ cell line was isolated from the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3 by using immune magnetic-activated cell sorting system. The expression of stemness genes such as OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 mRNA were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. OVCAR3 parental and OVCAR3 CD44+CD117+ cells were grown in different doses of paclitaxel and salinomycin to evaluate the effect of salinomycin. And growth inhibition of OVCAR3 CD44+CD117+ cells by paclitaxel combined with salinomycin was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results Tumor spheroids generated from the OVCAR3 cell line are shown to have highly enriched CD44 and CD117 expression. Treatment with a combination of paclitaxel and salinomycin demonstrated growth inhibition of OVCAR3 CD44+CD117+ cells. Conclusion The present study is a detailed investigation on the expression of CD44 and CD117 in cancer stem cells and evaluates their specific tumorigenic characteristics in ovarian cancer. This study also demonstrates significant growth inhibition of cancer stem-like cells by paclitaxel combined with salinomycin. Identification of these cancer stem-like cell markers and growth inhibition effect of salinomycin may be the next step to the development of novel target therapy in ovarian cancer.

Vine, D., 2020. The United States of War: A Global History of America's Endless Conflicts, from Columbus to the Islamic State. 1st ed. Oakland, California: University of California Press.

( Kwon Hyewon ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2022 동북아법 Vol.14 No.-

Targeting BRG1 Chromatin Remodeler via Its Bromodomain for Enhanced Tumor Cell Radiosensitivity <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>

Kwon, Su-Jung,Lee, Seul-Ki,Na, Juri,Lee, Shin-Ai,Lee, Han-Sae,Park, Ji-Hye,Chung, June-Key,Youn, Hyewon,Kwon, Jongbum American Association for Cancer Research 2015 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.14 No.2

<P>Radiotherapy treats cancer by inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in tumor cells using ionizing radiation. However, DNA repair in tumor cells often leads to radioresistance and unsuccessful outcome. Inhibition of DNA repair by targeting repair proteins can increase radiosensitivity of tumor cells. The BRG1 chromatin remodeling enzyme assists DSB repair by stimulating γ-H2AX formation and BRG1 binding to acetylated histones at DSBs via bromodomain (BRD) is critical for this activity. Here, we show that ectopic expression of BRG1-BRD inhibited γ-H2AX and DSB repair after irradiation and increased the radiosensitivity in various human cancer cells, including HT29 colon cancer. Dimerization of BRG1-BRD, increasing its chromatin binding affinity, aggravated the defects in γ-H2AX and DSB repair and further enhanced the radiosensitivity. While little affecting the upstream ATM activation, BRG1-BRD in irradiated HT29 cells inhibited the recruitment of 53BP1 to damaged chromatin, the downstream event of γ-H2AX, and compromised the G<SUB>2</SUB>–M checkpoint and increased apoptosis. Importantly, in a xenograft mouse model, BRG1-BRD increased the radiosensitivity of HT29 tumors, which was further enhanced by dimerization. These data suggest that BRG1-BRD radiosensitizes tumor cells by a dominant negative activity against BRG1, which disrupts γ-H2AX and its downstream 53BP1 pathways, leading to inefficient DNA repair, G<SUB>2</SUB>–M checkpoint defect, and increased apoptosis. This work therefore identifies BRG1-BRD as a novel tumor radiosensitizer and its action mechanism, providing the first example of chromatin remodeler as a target for improving cancer radiotherapy. <I>Mol Cancer Ther; 14(2); 597–607. ©2014 AACR</I>.</P>

Study of Weak Astrophysical Shock Waves using a PIC Code

Hyewon Kwon,Dongsu Ryu 한국천문학회 2011 天文學會報 Vol.36 No.2

Feasibility of three-dimensional reconstruction and automated measurement of fetal long bones using 5D Long Bone

( Hyewon Hur ),( Young Han Kim ),( Hee Young Cho ),( Yong Won Park ),( Hye Sung Won ),( Mi Young Lee ),( Bo Hyon Yun ),( Kwang Hee Lee ),( Sung Yoon Kim ),( Junsang Yoo ),( Ja Young Kwon ) 대한산부인과학회 2015 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.58 No.4

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of five-dimensional Long Bone (5D LB), a new technique that automatically archives, reconstructs images, and measures lengths of fetal long bones, to assess whether the direction of volume sweep influences fetal long bone measurements in three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and 5D LB, and to compare measurements of fetal long bone lengths obtained with 5D LB and those obtained with conventional two-dimensional (2D) and manual 3D techniques. Methods: This prospective study included 39 singleton pregnancies at 26+0 to 32+0 weeks of gestation. Multiple pregnancies, fetuses with multiple congenital anomalies, and mothers with underlying medical diseases were excluded. Fetal long bones of the lower extremities-the femur, tibia, and fibula were measured by 2D and 3D ultrasound, and 5D LB, by an expert and non-expert examiner. First, we analyzed the 3D ultrasound and 5D LB data according to 2 different sweeping angles. We analyzed intra- and inter-observer variability and agreement between ultrasound techniques. Paired t-test, interclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plot and Passing-Bablok regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no statistical difference between long bone measurements analyzed according to 2 different volume-sweeping angles by 3D ultrasound and 5D LB. Intra- and inter-observer variability were not significantly different among all 3 ultrasound techniques. Comparing 2D ultrasound and 5D LB, the interclass correlation coefficient for femur, tibia, and fibula was 0.91, 0.92, and 0.89, respectively. Conclusion: 5D LB is reproducible and comparable with conventional 2D and 3D ultrasound techniques for fetal long bone measurement.

Biostable Polymeric Nanoparticles Bearing ROS-Responsive Diselenide Linkages as Anticancer Drug Carriers

Hyewon KO,Veerasikku Gopal DEEPAGAN,Seunglee KWON,Seokho SONG,Jae Hyung PARK 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Follow up of HPV and co-infecting pathogens in women with genital condyloma by Multiplex real-time PCR

( Hyewon Seo ),( Ja Hyun Koo ),( Jeong Namkoong ),( Ji Young Kwon ),( Chan Joo Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.104 No.-

Objective: Several sexually transmitted pathogens causing chronic inflammatory diseases has investigated as possible Human Papillomavirus (HPV) cofactor in cervical premalignant lesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate that clearance of HPV and several STD pathogens in women with condyloma. Here, we evaluated the clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), and Ureaplasma parvum (UP). Methods: This study was conducted on 66 patients with pathologically proven condyloma at the St Pauls Hospital of the Catholic University of Korea from Jan, 2012 until Dec, 2017. Among them, we evaluated 30 women who had done STD and HPV assay by using two multiplex real-time PCR assays based on TOCE technology. Results: The mean age of 66 patients was 34.59 years. Mean follow up period was 3.9 month (maximen 29 month). Of the above pathogens sought, TV, MG and NG were not detected while positive results were found for MH (6 cases), CT ( 3 cases), UU ( 6 cases) and UP (7 caesa). High risk, low risk and those two category of HPV detection was 3 (20%),3(20%) and 4(23.3%). Of the women follow-up, median clearance time of those pathogens was 9 month in 31-50 years old group. Three women have LSIL. Among them, two women have multiple high and low risk HPVs and they showed persistent abnormal cytology over 4 month. Conclusion: : In a follow-up after condyloma, women with Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma showed some persistence.. The high sensitivity and specificity of these assays along with the simultaneous detection of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens confers an advantage . The relation between HPV and those pathogens in condyloma will require more follow-up studies.

Robotic Single-Site Staging Operation for Early Stage Endometrial Cancer: a single institution experience with 50 cases

( Hyewon Chung ),( Seungmee Lee ),( Tae-kyu Jang ),( So-jin Shin ),( Sang-hoon Kwon ),( Chi-heum Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2019 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.105 No.-

Objective: The aims of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a robotic single-site staging (RSSS) operation for early-stage endometrial cancer and to standardize of technique. Methods: A total of 50 Patients with a preoperative diagnosis of early endometrial cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages IA to IB) from endometrial curettage and preoperative imaging studies were selected and underwent the RSSS operation from March 2014 to December 2018. All surgical procedures, including hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and/or para-aortic node dissection, and cytology aspiration, were performed by robotic single-site instruments (da Vinci Si® surgical system; Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Results: The median patient age and body mass index were 52.6 years and 26.2 kg/m2. The median docking time, console time, and total operative time were 7 minutes, 75 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively. The median retrieval of both pelvic lymph nodes was 11. There were no conversions to laparoscopy or laparotomy. Conclusion: In this study, operative times were reasonable, and the surgical procedure was well-tolerated by the patients. The RSSS operation is a feasible and safe surgical treatment option in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer.