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A narrative review of scar formation
Hye Sung Han,Sun Young Choi,Won-Serk Kim,Young-Jun Choi,Kwang Ho Yoo 대한의학레이저학회 2023 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.12 No.2
A scar is formed through a process in which the damaged skin, including the epidermis and dermis, is filled with abnormal connective tissue because of an imbalance in the response during the wound-healing process. This review investigates the process of normal wound healing, the molecular and biochemical changes during the process of scar formation, and various factors involved in the formation of scars. Scar formation is influenced by both internal and external factors which are associated with individual characteristics. It is important to have a clear understanding about these factors as they can be possible targets in the development of various scar prevention or treatment options. Also, some of them, especially some of the external factors, are preventable.
Sung, Hwa Jung,Hong, Soon Cheol,Yoo, Ji Hyun,Oh, Jee Hyun,Shin, Hye Jin,Choi, In Young,Ahn, Ki Hoon,Kim, Sun Haeng,Park, Yong,Kim, Byung Soo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.10
<P>This study was done to evaluate the stemness of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived from placenta according to the development stage and to compare the results to those from adult bone marrow (BM). Based on the source of hMSCs, three groups were defined: group I included term placentas, group II included first-trimester placentas, and group III included adult BM samples. The stemness was evaluated by the proliferation capacity, immunophenotypic expression, mesoderm differentiation, expression of pluripotency markers including telomerase activity. The cumulative population doubling, indicating the proliferation capacity, was significantly higher in group II (<I>P</I><0.001, 31.7±5.8 vs. 15.7±6.2 with group I, 9.2±4.9 with group III). The pattern of immunophenotypic expression and mesoderm differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes were similar in all three groups. The expression of pluripotency markers including ALP, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, Oct-4, and telomerase were strongly positive in group II, but very faint positive in the other groups. In conclusions, hMSCs from placentas have different characteristics according to their developmental stage and express mesenchymal stemness potentials similar to those from adult human BMs.</P>
Yoo, Keon Hee,Lee, Soo Hyun,Lee, Jeehun,Sung, Ki Woong,Jung, Hye Lim,Koo, Hong Hoe,Lim, Do Hoon,Kim, Jong Hyun,Shin, Hyung Jin The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.3
<P>To determine the impact of treatment protocols on the outcome of central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS-GCTs), we reviewed the medical records of 53 patients who received front-line chemotherapy from September 1997 to September 2006. Pure germinoma, normal alpha-fetoprotein level and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level <50 mIU/mL were regarded as low-risk features and the others as high-risk. Patients from different time periods were divided into 3 groups according to the chemotherapy protocols. Group 1 (n=19) received 4 cycles of chemotherapy comprising cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin. Group 2 (n=16) and group 3 (n=18) received 4 cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide and vincristine in the former and with carboplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide and bleomycin in the latter. In group 2 and group 3, high-risk patients received double doses of cisplatin, carboplatin and cyclophosphamide. Radiotherapy was given after chemotherapy according to the clinical requirements. The event-free survivals of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 67.0%, 93.8%, and 100%, respectively (group 1 vs. 2, <I>P</I>=0.06; group 2 vs. 3, <I>P</I>=0.29; group 1 vs. 3, <I>P</I>=0.02). Our data suggest that risk-adapted intensive chemotherapy may improve the outcome of patients with malignant CNS-GCTs.</P>
Yoo, Dae Young,Kim, Woosuk,Kim, In Hye,Nam, Sung Min,Chung, Jin Young,Choi, Jung Hoon,Yoon, Yeo Sung,Won, Moo-Ho,Hwang, In Koo Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Neurochem Res Vol.37 No.1
<P>We previously reported that sodium butyrate (SB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, robustly increased pyridoxine-induced cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse. In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment with SB combined with pyridoxine on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of a mouse model of aging induced by D: -galactose (D: -gal). D: -gal was administered to 20-week-old male mice (D: -gal mice) for 10 weeks to induce changes that resemble natural aging in animals. Seven weeks after D: -gal (100 mg/kg) treatment, vehicle (physiological saline; D: -gal-vehicle mice) and SB (300 mg/kg) combined with pyridoxine (Pyr; 350 mg/kg) were administered to the mice (D: -gal-Pyr-SB mice) for 3 weeks. Escape latency under water maze in the D: -gal mice was longer than that in the control mice. In the D: -gal-Pyr-SB mice, escape latency was similar to that in the control mice. In the D: -gal mice, many cells in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus showed pyknosis and condensation of the cytoplasm. However, in the D: -gal-Pyr-SB mice, such cellular changes were rarely found. Furthermore, the D: -gal mice showed a great reduction in cell proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) and neuroblast differentiation (doublecortin-positive neuroblasts) in the dentate gyrus compared to control mice. However, in the D: -gal-Pyr-SB mice, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation were markedly increased in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, the administration of pyridoxine with sodium butyrate significantly increased Ser133-phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein in the dentate gyrus. These results indicate that the combination treatment of Pyr with SB in D: -gal mice ameliorated the D: -gal-induced reduction in cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and memory deficits.</P>
Yoo, Hye Jin,Kim, Minjoo,Kim, Minkyung,Chae, Jey Sook,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Jong Ho BioMed Central 2017 HUMAN GENOMICS Vol.11 No.1
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Peptidylglycine-α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) may play a role in the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is a hormone involved in the maintenance of blood pressure (BP). The objective of the present study was to determine whether <I>PAM</I> is a novel candidate gene for hypertension (HTN).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 2153 Korean participants with normotension and HTN were included. Genotype data were obtained using the Korean Chip. The rs13175330 polymorphism of the <I>PAM</I> gene was selected from the ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) most strongly associated with BP. The presence of the G allele of the <I>PAM</I> rs13175330 A>G SNP was associated with a higher risk of HTN after adjustments for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and drinking [OR 1.607 (95% CI 1.220–2.116), <I>p =</I> 0.001]. The rs13175330 G allele carriers in the HTN group treated without antihypertensive therapy (HTN w/o therapy) had significantly higher systolic and diastolic BP than the AA carriers, whereas the G allele carriers in the HTN group treated with antihypertensive therapy (HTN w/ therapy) showed significantly higher diastolic BP. Furthermore, rs13175330 G allele carriers in the HTN w/o therapy group had significantly increased levels of insulin, insulin resistance, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and significantly decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and LDL particle sizes compared to the AA carriers.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These results suggest that the <I>PAM</I> rs13175330 A>G SNP is a novel candidate gene for HTN in the Korean population. Additionally, the <I>PAM</I> rs13175330 G allele might be associated with insulin resistance and LDL atherogenicity in patients with HTN.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-017-0125-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
Preparation of acrylic copolymers and crosslinking agents and properties as a film
Yoo, Youngjae,Hong, Geun-Hye,Hur, Soon-Ryoung,Kim, Yong Seok,Lee, Sung-Goo,Kim, Hyung-Joong,Lee, Jae Heung Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.112 No.3
<P>Copolymers of butyl acrylate (BA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA)-acrylic acid (AA) and intraparticle crosslinking agents containing N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were prepared by emulsion copolymerization. After that, films were prepared from the mixture of copolymers and the interparticle crosslinking agents. The interparticle crosslinking agents were prepared from hexamethylene diisocyanate and aziridine ethanol. Mixtures of the copolymer and the interparticle crosslinking agent were cast to films and crosslinked in a convection oven. The effects of the contents of the intra/interparticle crosslinking agents were also evaluated. By increasing the contents of EGDMA, roughness of the films was increased because of the effects of EGDMA acting as an intraparticle crosslinking agent. By increasing the contents of the interparticle crosslinking agent, roughness was also increased by the reaction between the copolymers and interparticle crosslinking agent. Tensile strength and water and chemical resistance of the film were increased, whereas elongation of film was decreased by increasing the contents of interparticle crosslinking agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009</P>