pH-sensitive Swelling Behavior of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-hyaluronic Acid Polymer Hydrogel Membranes

Ji, Hye Won,Chon, Se Won,Yoon, Tae Il,Hwnag, Ho Sang,Kwon, Ji Young,Shin, Seung Hoon,Chung, Sung Il,Rhim, Ji Won The Membrane Society of Korea 2004 Korean Membrane Journal Vol.6 No.1

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) and hyaluronic acid(HA) hydrogel membranes were prepared with varying HA contents from 10 to 50 wt% of PVA. The water contents of the resulting PVA-HA hydrogel membranes in various pH conditions were measured. And the permeation coefficient of indomethacin was determined using several PVA-HA hydrogel membranes at various pH conditions and also 37$^{\circ}C$.

A brief method for preparation of gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng

Sun-Hye Choi,Seok-Won Jung,Hyun-Sook Kim,Hyeon-Joong Kim,Byung -Hwan Lee,Joon Yong Kim,Jung-Hyun Kim,황성희,Hyewon Rhim,김형춘,Seung- Yeol Nah 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: Ginseng has been used as a tonic for invigoration of the human body. In a previous report, we identified a novel candidate responsible for the tonic role of ginseng, designated gintonin. Gintonin induces [Ca2þ]i transient in animal cells via lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation. Gintonin-mediated [Ca2þ]i transient is linked to anti-Alzheimer’s activity in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease animal model. The previous method for gintonin preparation included multiple steps. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method of gintonin fraction with a high yield. Methods: We developed a brief method to obtain gintonin using ethanol and water. We extracted ginseng with fermentation ethanol and fractionated the extract with water to obtain water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. The water-insoluble precipitate, rather than the water-soluble supernatant, induced a large [Ca2þ]i transient in primary astrocytes. We designated this fraction as gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF). Results: The yield of GEF was approximately 6-fold higher than that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. The apparent molecular weight of GEF, determined using sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was equivalent to that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. GEF induced [Ca2þ]i transient in cortical astrocytes. The effective dose (ED50) was 0.3 0.09 mg/ mL. GEF used the same signal transduction pathway as gintonin during [Ca2þ]i transient induction in mouse cortical astrocytes. Conclusion: Because GEF can be prepared through water precipitation of ginseng ethanol extract and is easily reproducible with high yield, it could be commercially utilized for the development of gintoninderived functional health food and natural medicine.

Protection by cilostazol against amyloid‐β_1–40‐induced suppression of viability and neurite elongation through activation of CK2α in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells

Lee, Hye Rin,Park, So Youn,Kim, Hye Young,Shin, Hwa Kyoung,Lee, Won Suk,Rhim, Byung Yong,Hong, Ki Whan,Kim, Chi Dae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Journal of neuroscience research Vol.90 No.8

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) deposits in the brain are critical in the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ. This study elucidates the underlying signaling pathway by which cilostazol protects HT22 neuronal cells from Aβ<SUB>1–40</SUB> (3–30 μM)‐induced deterioration of cell proliferation, viability, and neurite elongation. Cilostazol rescued HT22 cells from the apoptotic cell death induced by Aβ toxicity through the downregulation of phosphorylated p53 (Ser15), Bax, and caspase‐3 and the upregulation of Bcl‐2 expression, which improved neuronal cell proliferation and viability. Furthermore, Aβ<SUB>1–40</SUB> suppressed both phosphorylated CK2α protein expression and CK2 activity in the cytosol; these were concentration dependently recovered by cilostazol (3–30 μM). Cilostazol significantly increased the levels of GSK‐3β phosphorylation at Ser9 and β‐catenin phosphorylation at Ser675 in the cytosol and nucleus. Cilostazol effects were reversed by KT5720 (1 μM, PKA inhibitor) and TBCA (40 μM, inhibitor of CK2) and CK2α knockdown by siRNA transfection. Likewise, Aβ‐stimulated GSK‐3β phosphorylation at Tyr 216 was decreased by cilostazol in the control but not in the CK2α siRNA‐transfected cells. Furthermore, the Aβ (10 μM)‐induced suppression of neurite elongation was recovered by cilostazol; this recovery was attenuated by inhibitors such as KT5720 and TBCA and blocked by CK2α knockdown. In conclusion, increased cAMP‐dependent protein kinase‐linked CK2α activation underlies the pharmacological effects of cilostazol in downregulating p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 and upregulating GSK‐3β phosphorylation at Ser9/β‐catenin phosphorylation at Ser675, thereby suppressing Aβ<SUB>1–40</SUB>‐induced neurotoxicity and improving neurite elongation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

안면의 화학적 박피술시 Midazolam, Fentanyl 그리고 Esmolol 을 사용한 Deep Sedation 마취의 임상적 고찰

이혜원,김난숙,장성호,임혜자,안덕선,김지연,임성연 대한마취과학회 1995 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.29 No.1

To investigate the clinical usefulness of the intravenous anesthesia of the facial chemical peeling with midazolam(0.1 mg/kg)-fentanyl(3 ㎍/kg) - esmolol(initial 500 ㎍/kg,maintenance 200 ug/kg/min), the authors took 133 cases into consideration. The results of the statistical evaluation were as follows: 1) Most of the cases were small pox scar(70.7%). 2) One point five percent of the cases dreamed during anesthesia. 3) Ninety-four point seven percents of the cases were in the emotion of $quot;Peaceful and relaxed$quot; and 60.1% of them were in the mood of Pleased or very pleased and the others were $quot;So and so$quot;. 4) Ninety-one point seven percents of the cases were willing to choose the same anesthetic method next time. 5) Fifty-two point six percents of the cases showed hypertensive episodes during anesthesia. 6) The incidence of the cases with SaO lower than 85% was 36.8%. The anesthetic technique with intravenous midazolam-fentanyl-esmolol for the facial chemical peeling with trichloroacetic acid(TCA) gives the patient comfortness and preference for this anesthetic technique. Close monitoring of the respiration is needed, because it can depress respiratory function. And control of the high blood pressure during anesthesia seems to be needed. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1995; 29: 59-63)

Direct interaction and functional coupling between voltage-gated Ca_V1.3 Ca²⁺ channel and GABA_B receptor subunit 2

Park, Hye-Won,Jung, Hana,Choi, Kee-Hyun,Baik, Ja-Hyun,Rhim, Hyewhon Elsevier 2010 FEBS letters Vol.584 No.15

<P>Although Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 are two subtypes of L-type Ca2+ channels expressed in the CNS, functions of Ca(v)1.3 have not been well elucidated compared to Ca(v)1.2. Here, we found that Ca(v)1.3-NT associates with GABA(B)R2-CT using yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. We also demonstrated co-localization of Ca(v)1.3 and GABA(B)R2 in HEK293 cells and cultured hippocampal neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp and Ca2+-imaging experiments revealed that activation of GABA(B)R increases Ca(v)1.3 currents and intracellular Ca2+ via Ca(v)1.3, but not Ca(v)1.2. These results show a physical and functional interaction between Ca(v)1.3 and GABA(B)R, suggesting the potential pivotal roles of Ca(v)1.3 in the CNS. Structured summary: MINT-7975667: Ca(v)1.3 (uniprotkb:P27732) physically interacts (MI:0915) with GABA(B)R2 (uniprotkb:088871) by two hybrid (MI:0018) MINT-7975740: Ca(v)1.3 (uniprotkb:P27732) and GABA(B)R2 (uniprotkb:075899) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416) MINT-7966007, MINT-7966016: Ca(v)1.3 (uniprotkb:P27732) physically interacts (MI :0915) with GABA(B)R2 (uniprotkb:088871) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006) MINT-7975712, MINT-7975691: Ca(v)1.3 (uniprotkb:P27732) physically interacts (MI:0915) with GABA(B)R2 (uniprotkb:088871) by pull down (MI:0096) MINT-7966026: GABA(B)R2 (uniprotkb:088871) and Ca(v)1.3 (uniprotkb:P27732) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416) (C) 2010 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Estrogen Replacement Effect of Korean Ginseng Saponin on Learning and Memory of Ovariectomized Mice

Jae Won Jung,Hye Whon Rhim,Eun Hee Bae,Bong Hee Lee,Chan Woong Park 고려인삼학회 2000 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.24 No.1

Ginseng Gintonin Activates the Human Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K⁺ Channel: Involvement of Ca²⁺/Calmodulin Binding Sites

Choi, Sun-Hye,Lee, Byung-Hwan,Kim, Hyeon-Joong,Jung, Seok-Won,Kim, Hyun-Sook,Shin, Ho-Chul,Lee, Jun-Hee,Kim, Hyoung-Chun,Rhim, Hyewhon,Hwang, Sung-Hee,Ha, Tal Soo,Kim, Hyun-Ji,Cho, Hana,Nah, Seung-Yeo Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.9

Gintonin, a novel, ginseng-derived G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, elicits $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transients in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via pertussis toxin-sensitive and pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. The slowly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ ($I_{Ks}$) channel is a cardiac $K^+$ channel composed of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 subunits. The C terminus of the KCNQ1 channel protein has two calmodulin-binding sites that are involved in regulating $I_{Ks}$ channels. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of gintonin-mediated activation of human $I_{Ks}$ channel activity by expressing human $I_{Ks}$ channels in Xenopus oocytes. We found that gintonin enhances $I_{Ks}$ channel currents in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. The $EC_{50}$ for the $I_{Ks}$ channel was $0.05{\pm}0.01{\mu}g/ml$. Gintonin-mediated activation 1 of the $I_{Ks}$ channels was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, an $IP_3$ receptor antagonist, and the calcium chelator BAPTA. Gintonin-mediated activation of both the $I_{Ks}$ channel was also blocked by the calmodulin (CaM) blocker calmidazolium. Mutations in the KCNQ1 $[Ca^{2+}]_i$/CaM-binding IQ motif sites (S373P, W392R, or R539W)blocked the action of gintonin on $I_{Ks}$ channel. However, gintonin had no effect on hERG $K^+$ channel activity. These results show that gintonin-mediated enhancement of $I_{Ks}$ channel currents is achieved through binding of the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$/CaM complex to the C terminus of KCNQ1 subunit.

Dehydration Kinetics of Rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz)

Jong-Whan Rhim,Ji-Hye Kim,Won-Chul Jeong 한국식품과학회 2007 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.16 No.5

Sliced and whole root of rehmannia were dehydrated in a laboratory dryer at 40, 60, 80, and 100℃ to evaluate the kinetic parameters for dehydration of rehmannia. The drying curves of both samples were characterized by a falling-rate drying period only. Sliced rehmannia dried 1.1 to 3.1 times faster than whole root of rehmannia depending on drying temperature. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of rehmannia samples at the drying temperature tested were 0.069-0.078 g water/g dry solid, which was coincided with the monolayer moisture content (0.06 and 0.07 g water/g dry solid) evaluated from desorption isotherms using GAB (Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer) model. A logarithmic model for thin layer drying was applied to evaluate the drying time to reach EMC (tEMC) and drying constant (k). The effect of temperature on 1/tEMC and k was described by the Arrhenius model with activation energy values of 32.56 and 47.14 kJ/mol determined using the former parameter, and 34.27 and 38.26 kJ/mol determined using the latter parameter for sliced and whole root of rehmannia, respectively.

A brief method for preparation of gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng

Choi, Sun-Hye,Jung, Seok-Won,Kim, Hyun-Sook,Kim, Hyeon-Joong,Lee, Byung-Hwan,Kim, Joon Yong,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Hwang, Sung Hee,Rhim, Hyewon,Kim, Hyoung-Chun,Nah, Seung-Yeol The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: Ginseng has been used as a tonic for invigoration of the human body. In a previous report, we identified a novel candidate responsible for the tonic role of ginseng, designated gintonin. Gintonin induces $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in animal cells via lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation. Gintonin-mediated $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient is linked to anti-Alzheimer's activity in transgenic Alzheimer's disease animal model. The previous method for gintonin preparation included multiple steps. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method of gintonin fraction with a high yield. Methods: We developed a brief method to obtain gintonin using ethanol and water. We extracted ginseng with fermentation ethanol and fractionated the extract with water to obtain water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. The water-insoluble precipitate, rather than the water-soluble supernatant, induced a large $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in primary astrocytes. We designated this fraction as gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF). Results: The yield of GEF was approximately 6-fold higher than that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. The apparent molecular weight of GEF, determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was equivalent to that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. GEF induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in cortical astrocytes. The effective dose (ED50) was $0.3{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/mL$. GEF used the same signal transduction pathway as gintonin during $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient induction in mouse cortical astrocytes. Conclusion: Because GEF can be prepared through water precipitation of ginseng ethanol extract and is easily reproducible with high yield, it could be commercially utilized for the development of gintoninderived functional health food and natural medicine.

SO2와 다른 기체에 대한 PEG와 Glutaraldehyde가 혼합된 PEBAX 막의 투과 특성

조은혜(Cho Eun Hye),김광배(Kwang Bae Kim),임지원(Ji Won Rhim) 한국고분자학회 2014 폴리머 Vol.38 No.6

분자량이 400 g/mol인 poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG 400)을 poly(ether-block-amide) 1657(PEBAX 1657)와 혼합을 통하여 막을 제조하였고, time-lag 법에 의해 N2, O2, CH4, CO2, 그리고 SO2 기체에 대한 투과도를 테스트하였다. 투과특성은 막 내에서 기체분자이동에 어느 것이 지배적인가를 알기 위하여 확산과 용해 항으로 조사하였다. PEG400의 함량이 증가함에 따라 모든 기체에 대한 투과도 및 이상선택도가 모두 증가하였다. 특히 CO2/N2의 경우53.2(PEG 400이 첨가되지 않은 PEBAX 1657)으로부터 84.1(PEG 400이 50% 첨가된 막)이었으며, SO2/CO2는 38.9에서 50.7, 그리고 CO2/CH4의 경우는 177.7에서 31.4의 결과를 보여주었다. 투과도와 선택도의 증가는 기체들의 용해도로 인한 것이며, 특히 CO2와 SO2에 대해서는 더욱 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 수증기에 대한 내구성을 얻기 위하여, glutaraldehyde(GA)가 PEBAX 1657/PEG 400 혼합막에 첨가되었다. 결과적으로 투과도는 혼합막에 있어서 투과도 증가와 선택도 감소의 주된 요인으로 작용하는 자유부피와 ether oxide 기의 감소로 인하여 줄어들었으나이는 막의 내구성을 향상시키는데 도움이 되었을 것으로 사료된다. Poly(ether-block-amide) 1657 (PEBAX 1657) blended membranes with molecular weight 400 poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG 400) were prepared and their permeability was tested for the gases N2, O2, CH4, CO2, and SO2 by the timelagmethod. The permeation characteristics were investigated in terms of diffusivity and solubility, which are dominantfactors for gas transport. With the addition of PEG 400, the permeability of all the gases increased and also the idealselectivity for several pair gases was enhanced. In particular, selectivity for CO2/N2 ranged from 53.2 (pristine PEBAX1657 membrane) to 84.1 (50% PEG 400 added), for SO2/CO2 from 38.9 to 50.7, and for CO2/CH4 from 17.7 to 31.4. The increase of both permeability and selectivity is mainly because of the increase of solubility of the gases, especiallyCO2 and SO2. To obtain durability against water vapor, glutaraldehyde (GA) was added to the PEBAX 1657/PEG 400blended membranes. As a result, permeability decreased owing to a reduction of the free volume and ether oxide units,which are the main factors in elevating the permeability for the blended membranes, and selectivity decrease however;we believe that the durability of the resulting membranes would be increased.