Anti-photoaging Activities of Sorbaria kirilowii Ethanol Extract in UVB-damaged Cells

Hongxi Chen,Ji Won Jang(장지원),Spandana Rajendra Kopalli,Jin Whoa Yum(염진화),Kee Jung Yoon(윤기정),Jae Youl Cho(조재열) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.1

Structural and physical properties of ZnO:Al films grown on glass by direct current magnetron sputtering with the oblique target

Hongxi Liu,Hong Qiu,Xiaobai Chen,Mingpeng Yu,Mingwen Wang 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.6

ZnO:Al films were deposited on glass substrates at 300 K and 673 K by direct current magnetron sputtering with the oblique target. The Ar pressure was adjusted to 0.4 Pa and 1.2 Pa, respectively. All the films have a wurtzite structure and grow with a c-axis orientation in the film growth direction. The films grow mainly with columnar grains perpendicular to the substrate and some granular grains also exist in the films. The film deposited at 673 K and 0.4 Pa has the largest grains whereas that prepared at 300 K and 0.4 Pa consists of the smallest grains and is porous. The films exhibit an n-type semiconducting behavior at room temperature. The ZnO:Al film deposited at 673 K and 0.4 Pa has the lowest resistivity (3.40 × 10-3 Ω cm), the highest free electron concentration (4.63 × 1020 cm-3) and a moderate Hall mobility (4.0 ㎠ V-1 s-1). The film deposited at 300 K and 0.4 Pa has the highest resistivity and the lowest free electron concentration and Hall mobility. A temperature dependence of the resistivity reveals that the carrier transport mechanism is Mott’s variable range hopping in the temperature region below 100 K and thermally activated band conduction above 215 K. The activation energy for the film deposited at 300 K and 0.4 Pa is 41 meV and that for the other films is about 35 meV. All the films have an average optical transmittance of over 85% in the visible wavelength range. The absorption edge of the film deposited at 300 K and 0.4 Pa shifts to the longer wavelength (redshift) relative to the films prepared under the other conditions. ZnO:Al films were deposited on glass substrates at 300 K and 673 K by direct current magnetron sputtering with the oblique target. The Ar pressure was adjusted to 0.4 Pa and 1.2 Pa, respectively. All the films have a wurtzite structure and grow with a c-axis orientation in the film growth direction. The films grow mainly with columnar grains perpendicular to the substrate and some granular grains also exist in the films. The film deposited at 673 K and 0.4 Pa has the largest grains whereas that prepared at 300 K and 0.4 Pa consists of the smallest grains and is porous. The films exhibit an n-type semiconducting behavior at room temperature. The ZnO:Al film deposited at 673 K and 0.4 Pa has the lowest resistivity (3.40 × 10-3 Ω cm), the highest free electron concentration (4.63 × 1020 cm-3) and a moderate Hall mobility (4.0 ㎠ V-1 s-1). The film deposited at 300 K and 0.4 Pa has the highest resistivity and the lowest free electron concentration and Hall mobility. A temperature dependence of the resistivity reveals that the carrier transport mechanism is Mott’s variable range hopping in the temperature region below 100 K and thermally activated band conduction above 215 K. The activation energy for the film deposited at 300 K and 0.4 Pa is 41 meV and that for the other films is about 35 meV. All the films have an average optical transmittance of over 85% in the visible wavelength range. The absorption edge of the film deposited at 300 K and 0.4 Pa shifts to the longer wavelength (redshift) relative to the films prepared under the other conditions.

Safety and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Zhang, Li,Chen, Xiaoyun,Cheng, Yanqi,Chen, Qilong,Tan, Hongsheng,Son, Dongwook,Chang, Dongpill,Bian, Zhaoxiang,Fang, Hong,Xu, Hongxi The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is widely used for strengthening the immune system and fighting fatigue, especially in people with deficiency syndrome. However, there is concern that the long-term application or a high dose of KRG can cause "fireness" (上火 in Chinese) because of its "dryness" (燥性 in Chinese). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 4-week treatment with KRG in participants with deficiency syndrome. Methods: This was a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 180 Chinese participants were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo control group, participants were given a placebo, 3.6 g/d; KRG 1.8 g and 3.6 g groups. The primary outcomes were the changes in fireness and safety evaluation (adverse events, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram). The secondary outcomes were the efficacy of KRG on fatigue, which include the following: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scale and fatigue self-assessment scale. Results: Of the 180 patients, 174 completed the full study. After 4 weeks of KRG treatment, the Fire-heat symptoms score including Excess fire-heat score and Deficient fire-heat score showed no significant change as compared with placebo treatment, and no clinically significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Based on the TCM syndrome score and fatigue self-assessment score, TCM symptoms and fatigue were greatly improved after treatment with KRG, which showed a dose- and time-dependent effect. The total effective rate was also significantly increased in the KRG groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that KRG has a potent antifatigue effect without significant adverse effects in people with deficiency syndrome. Although a larger sample size and longer treatment may be required for a more definite conclusion, this clinical trial is the first to disprove the common conception of "fireness" related to KRG.

Safety and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Li Zhang,Xiaoyun Chen,Yanqi Cheng,Qilong Chen,Hongsheng Tan,Dongwook Son,Dongpill Chang,Zhaoxiang Bian,Hong Fang,Hongxi Xu 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is widely used for strengthening the immune system andfighting fatigue, especially in people with deficiency syndrome. However, there is concern that the longtermapplication or a high dose of KRG can cause “fireness” (上火in Chinese) because of its “dryness” (燥性in Chinese). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 4-week treatment with KRGin participants with deficiency syndrome. Methods: This was a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 180Chinese participants were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo control group, participants weregiven a placebo, 3.6 g/d; KRG 1.8 g and 3.6 g groups. The primary outcomes were the changes in firenessand safety evaluation (adverse events, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram). The secondary outcomeswere the efficacy of KRG on fatigue, which include the following: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)symptom scale and fatigue self-assessment scale. Results: Of the 180 patients, 174 completed the full study. After 4 weeks of KRG treatment, the Fire-heatsymptoms score including Excess fire-heat score and Deficient fire-heat score showed no significantchange as compared with placebo treatment, and no clinically significant changes in any safetyparameter were observed. Based on the TCM syndrome score and fatigue self-assessment score, TCMsymptoms and fatigue were greatly improved after treatment with KRG, which showed a dose- and timedependenteffect. The total effective rate was also significantly increased in the KRG groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that KRG has a potent antifatigue effect without significant adverse effectsin people with deficiency syndrome. Although a larger sample size and longer treatment may berequired for a more definite conclusion, this clinical trial is the first to disprove the common conceptionof “fireness” related to KRG.