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A New Electrophysiological Method for the Diagnosis of Extraforaminal Stenosis at L5–S1
Hiroshi Iwasaki,Munehito Yoshida,Hiroshi Yamada,Hiroshi Hashizume,Akihito Minamide,Yukihiro Nakagawa,Masaki Kawai,Shunji Tsutsui 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.2
Study Design: A retrospective study. Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of using an electrodiagnostic technique as a new approach in the clinical diagnosis of extraforaminal stenosis at L5–S1. Overview of Literature: We introduced a new effective approach to the diagnosis of extraforaminal stenosis at the lumbosacral junction using the existing electrophysiological evaluation technique. Methods: A consecutive series of 124 patients with fifth lumbar radiculopathy were enrolled, comprising a group of 74 patients with spinal canal stenosis and a second group of 50 patients with extraforaminal stenosis at L5–S1. The technique involved inserting a pair of needle electrodes into the foraminal exit zone of the fifth lumbar spinal nerves, which were used to provide electrical stimulation. The compound muscle action potentials from each of the tibialis anterior muscles were recorded. Results: The distal motor latency (DML) of the potentials ranged from 11.2 to 24.6 milliseconds in patients with extraforaminal stenosis. In contrast, the DML in patients with spinal canal stenosis ranged from 10.0 to 17.2 milliseconds. After comparing the DML of each of the 2 groups and at the same time comparing the differences in DML between the affected and unaffected side of each patient, we concluded there were statistically significant differences (p <0.01) between the 2 groups. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff values were calculated to be 15.2 milliseconds and 1.1 milliseconds, respectively. Conclusions: This approach using a means of DML measurement enables us to identify and localize lesions, which offers an advantage in diagnosing extraforaminal stenosis at L5–S1.
Fault Analysis of Interconnect Opens in 90nm CMOS ICs with Device Simulator
Masaki Hashizume,Yuichi Yamada,Hiroyuki Yotsuyanagi,Toshiyuki Tsutsumi,Koji Yamazaki,Yoshinobu Higami,Hiroshi Takahashi,Yuzo Takamatsu 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
In this paper, faulty effects of interconnect opens in logic ICs fabricated with a 90㎚ CMOS process are analyzed by device simulation. In the analysis, it is examined whether a logical error can be caused at an opened input signal line by logic signals of the neighboring signal lines. The simulation results suggest us that a logical error may occur at an interconnect surrounding by 8 interconnects if the interconnects are longer than 5㎛ and the width of an open defect is greater than 2.0㎚.
Repair Circuit of TSVs in a 3D Stacked Memory IC
Yuki Ikiri,Masaki Hashizume,Hiroyuki Yotsuyanagi,Hiroshi Yokoyama,Tetsuo Tada,Shyue-Kung Lu 대한전자공학회 2015 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2015 No.6
A repair circuit for TSVs (Through Silicon Vias) in a 3D stacked memory IC is proposed in this paper. The circuit is made of a switch circuit and a switch control circuit so as for a defective TSV to be connected to a defect-free TSV. The circuit is evaluated by Spice simulation. The results show us that a TSV is connected to a defect-free one with small area overhead and additional delay.
Preliminary Analysis of Interconnect Full Open Faults using TEG chips
Toshiyuki Tsutsumi,Yasuyuki Kariya,Masaki Hashizume,Hiroyuki Yotsuyanagi,Koji Yamazaki,Yoshinobu Higami,Hiroshi Takahashi,Yuzo Takamatsu 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7
As LSIs are scale-down, there is an increasing need to take measures against open faults. However, no practical model for open faults exists at present. Therefore, we fabricated Test Element Group (TEG) chips that intentionally incorporated full (complete) open defects and electrically measured the output signals relevant to its defective lines in order to create a new model for open fault behavior. This study reveals the effect boundary of adjacent signal lines on the line containing the full open defect for the first time using the TEG chips.
Yasutsugu Yukawa,Taro Matsumoto,Heiko Kollor,Akihito Minamide,Hiroshi Hashizume,Hiroshi Yamada,Fumihiko Kato 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.4
Study Design: Prospective cohort imaging study. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate lumbar sagittal alignment and range of motion (ROM) using radiographs in a large asymptomatic cohort and identify sex-based differences and age-related changes in the subjects. Overview of Literature: Several researchers have tried to establish normal alignment and kinematic behavior of the lumbar spine, using plain radiographs. Few studies have employed a large and sex-and age-balanced cohort. Methods: Total 627 healthy volunteers (at least 50 males and 50 females in each age decade, from the 3rd to the 8th decade) underwent whole spine radiography in the standing position; lumbar spine radiography was performed for all subjects in the recumbent position. Lumbar lordosis (LL, T12–S1) and ROM during flexion and extension were measured using a computer digitizer. Results: The mean LL was 36.8°±13.2° in the recumbent position and 49.8°±11.2° in the standing position. The LL was greater in the standing position than in the recumbent position; further, LL was higher in females as compared to that in males. Local lordosis at each disk level increased incrementally with distal progression through the lumbar spine in both the positions. Local lordosis at L4–S1 was 29.8°±8.0° in the recumbent position and 34.2°±8.3° in the standing position and occupied 85.1% and 70.8% of the total LL, respectively. However, local lordosis in the standing position decreased with age at L2–3, L3–4, and L4–5 levels. Total lumbar ROM (T12–S1) decreased with age. The ROM in females was higher than that in males. Conclusions: We established the standard value and age-related changes in the lumbar alignment and ROM in each age decade in asymptomatic subjects. These data will be useful and provide the normal values for comparison in clinical practice to identify sex-based differences and age-related changes.