The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults

Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against tacrolimus-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells

Lee, Dahae,Lee, Dong-Soo,Jung, Kiwon,Hwang, Gwi Seo,Lee, Hye Lim,Yamabe, Noriko,Lee, Hae-Jeong,Eom, Dae-Woon,Kim, Ki Hyun,Kang, Ki Sung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng against tacrolimus (FK506)-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were treated with FK506 and ginsenosides, and cell viability was measured. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were evaluated by Western blotting analyses. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: Reduction in cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was ameliorated significantly by cotreatment with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. The phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and KIM-1, and cleavage of caspase-3, increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with FK506 and significantly decreased after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1. The number of apoptotic cells decreased by 6.0% after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 ($10{\mu}M$ and $50{\mu}M$). Conclusion: The antiapoptotic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on FK506-induced apoptosis were mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspase activation.

Night wear의 시장활성화 전략연구 : 20 · 30대 소비자를 중심으로

임숙자,김해정,목정현 이화여자대학교 생활환경대학 인간생활환경연구소 2005 인간생활환경연구소 논집 Vol.- No.3

This research was to find out the consumer's interest and design elements on the nightwear for women. The first objective was to envestigate the preferences image of nightwear. The second objective was to explore the design elements for the specific nightwear image. The data was collected by the use of two kinds measurements: the image scale developed by the researches, the sampled nightwear was collected in the main department nightwear devision. The survey step was 3 steps; experimented, pilot, and main reaserch. The subject's age, among 668, was from 20' to 30' and survey data was collected from April 2003 to April 2004. The used statistical analyses were factor analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, regression, ANOVA and Duncan test. The findings were; The nightwear image was discovered into five categories, Lovely, Sexy, Cute, Sophisticated and Comfort. The most preferred nightwear image was lovalble and comfortable. The most preferred colors were pink(23.6%), white(20.1%) and the most preferred fiber was cotton(62.3%).

창작무용학습에서 작품발표회의 지도에 관한 연구

김혜림 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

Confirming the role of theater for public presentation of creative dancing which will serve to develope an appreciation for it in the form of achieving better communication, we have applied the two artistic viewpoints to examining creative dancing, that is, "Physical Art" and "Composite Art", The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences in teaching contents and methods of creative dancing arising from this application, The result are summarized as follows: 1) Communication in the process of appreciating creative dancing means that the author, the dancer and the audience transmit and receive the message of dancing stimultaniously on the premise of their mutural existence, Therefor, the theater becomes a space in which author, dancer and audience do creative activity through performance and appreciation. 2) "Physical Art" is focused on the physical techniques of performance as the main theme of dancing while "Composite Art" is focused on direction as only one part of the main them. 3) When creative dancing in physical education is considered as "Physical art" based upon the theory that it is to be considered as the same, the main theme of dancing and the scope of contents can be focused on body and physical activities, in which higher pursuit of techniques will become the most important subject. While creative dancing is considered as "Composite Art" based upon the theory that dancing is to be considered as the same, those can be focused on staging art and direction, thereby making it possible to enlarge on the scope of contents.

관계형 데이터베이스에 기반한 OWL의 저장 및 검색 시스템 설계 및 구현

金宣炅,林海喆 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2005 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

To overcome limitations of current web, Semantic Web was conceived by Tim Berners Lee. Unlike the current web, in the Semantic Web, metadata and ontology will play important roles for advanced information retrieval systems, efficient integration of applications, and automatically configured web services For describing the semantics and reasoning about information resources on the Web, the standard models, such as RDF(Resource Description Framework), RDF Schema, OWL(Web Ontology Language), are supposed by W3C. We classify the extended elements for OWL from RDF Schema. The extended functions for OWL are equivalent relationship, heterogeneous relationship, inverse relationship, union relationship, and intersection relationship. We propose the method of storing OWL using RDB for interoperability with many applications based on RDB, and propose available query patterns and extended RQL for supporting OWL. In this paper, we propose retrieval service model of retrieval system for online news on the Web. The proposed retrieval system integrates heterogeneous news documents on the Web using ontology based on OWL. And the proposed retrieval system provides advanced search function. We are developing the proposed retrieval system.

授受表現에 관한 考察 : 視點을 中心으로 Centering around a Point of View

김혜림 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 1999 人文科學論集 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate about a expression of giving and receiving of the particular expressions centering around a point of view in Japanese. In this case, a restriction is not a absolute one but a relative one that depends on who acts whom. A speaker at this time includes not only himself but also everyone being consciousness in an inside. A viewpoint of a verb of giving and receiving in Japanese distinguishes a viewpoint centering around subject from viewpoint centering around object. A viewpoint of verb 'yaru' is in subject or has the dative object and neutral viewpoint. But it has neutral viewpoint when subject is not the first person. That's why a speaker himself is against a rule of hierarchy. What 'yaru' does not appear neutral viewpoint when it is used as supplementary verb is different. That's why main verb connecting to a verb 'yaru' plays a role for it. But it is natural that it should take charge of it's role when 'yaru'is used as main verb. A viewpoint should be in the dative object whether a verb 'kure' is used as main verb or as supplementary verb. Therefore, we can recognize that 'kure' is stronger than 'yaru' in the character of viewpoint. The viewpoint of a verb 'morau' is natural that the chief object consists in the position of subject. But the viewpoint is in the subject because it selects the object of the action in that position.' temorau' using as supplementary verb is a particular expression in Japanese without having in Korean. As we can see in the expression of giving and receiving, Japanese is a language that is strong in the character of viewpoint regarding his own viewpoint important.

GIS 기법을 도입한 재난관리 시스템 구축

金甘來,鄭海珍,任健爀 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2007 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Due to an urbanization phenomenon which is caused according to a large selecting land development of a city area drained by river, the keeping gate phenomenon is changed and the flood damage is happening near city river. Recently, many research to reduce such city flood damage for the prevention have been achieved, this study proposed to analyze and arrange pattern of disaster and systems designed plan and establishment further scientific, prompt service of disaster. With GIS technique for decision-making offer the necessary preliminary data(hydrography data, satellite images, DEM, etc). In order to forecast the flooding area of research object area and offer various information which can reduce the flood damage to many users, this study constructs the disaster management system using Internet GIS.

응급실에 내원한 약물중독환자의 지역별 비교분석

임근우,박일영,유승진,나병호,오동렬,전해명,황주일,김세경 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

We reviewed retrospectively 230 patients who came to emergency room of Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital and Uijongbu St. Mary's Hospital between 1. January and 31. December 1994. We classified them according to their age, sex, a sort of drug, the cause of poisoning, prehospital care, time-lapse to arrive at hospital after poisoning, psychiatric problem the status of patients. *We conclude as follows; 1. The male to female ratio was totally 1 : 1.98, 1 : 1.24 in a urban area, 1 : 2.43 in a rural area. 2. On age of the patients in this study, the peake incidence was between 20 and 39(55.2%). 3. On seasonal prevalence, the poisoning was most common in summer and spring, in urban area(35.7%) and rural area(37.0%) respectively. 4. The common drug were as follow; Doxylamine, Organophosphate, Acetaminophen in urban area, Paraquat, Organophospate, Doxylamine in rural area 5. The percentage of suicidal attempt were 81.8% and 87.7% in urban area and rural area respectively. 6. The poisoning patients had psychatric problem in 19.4% and 24.6%, in urban area and rural area respectively. 7. Before arrival to emergency room, 27.7% of patient was done prehospital care in rural area. 8. On arrival to emergency room, 95.1% and 73.8% of patients show stable vital sign in urban area and rural area respectively.

멀티미디어 데이터베이스에서의 질의처리를 위한 필터링 방법 연구

임해철,김병곤,한정운 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

With the prevalence of multimedia data such as images content-based retrieval of data is becoming increasingly important. To handle multimedia data, multi-dimensional indexing methods such as the R-tree, R*-tree, TV-tree, MVP-tree and Pyramid-technique have been proposed. Numerous research results on how to effectively manipulate these structures have been presented during the last decade. Query processing strategies, which is important for reducing the processing time, is one such area of research. Much of the research on query processing of multimedia data have focused on two aspects, namely, range query and k-nearest-neighbor query (k-NNQ). This paper proposes algorithms for range query processing for R-tree based structures. The novel aspect of these algorithms is that they make use of the notion of VP filtering, a concept borrowed from the MVP-tree. By so doing, we attain considerable performance benefits while paying insignificant overhead during the construction of the index structure. Also, we retain the dynamic feature of R-tree based structures. In the remainder of this section, we briefly review the basics of relevant tree structures. Based on these discussions, we present the motivation behind the introduction of the notion of VP filtering. Despite success of proxy cache in the internet, proxy cache is not efficient for multimedia stream such as video and audio. In this paper, we propose a new proxy cache policy and a efficient cache replacement algorithm for multimedia stream. We expect that a new proxy cache policy is efficient for multimedia stream.

合理的 期待假說과 自動回歸期待模型의 檢證技法에 관한 考察

林海正,金允鎬 群山大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This paper examines the techniques and procedures of testing the expectation hypothesis in economic theory, especially in inflation theory, using autoregressive integrated moving average. In case of the testing plan using the past inflation series and the future economic indicators, so-called Box-Jenkins technique with ARIMA model and causality relation analysis developed by Granger, Haugh and Sims are found to be a useful measure.