Activity-dependent silencing reveals functionally distinct itch-generating sensory neurons

Roberson, David P,Gudes, Sagi,Sprague, Jared M,Patoski, Haley A W,Robson, Victoria K,Blasl, Felix,Duan, Bo,Oh, Seog Bae,Bean, Bruce P,Ma, Qiufu,Binshtok, Alexander M,Woolf, Clifford J Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2013 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.7

The peripheral terminals of primary sensory neurons detect histamine and non-histamine itch-provoking ligands through molecularly distinct transduction mechanisms. It remains unclear, however, whether these distinct pruritogens activate the same or different afferent fibers. Using a strategy of reversibly silencing specific subsets of murine pruritogen-sensitive sensory axons by targeted delivery of a charged sodium-channel blocker, we found that functional blockade of histamine itch did not affect the itch evoked by chloroquine or SLIGRL-NH2, and vice versa. Notably, blocking itch-generating fibers did not reduce pain-associated behavior. However, silencing TRPV1<SUP>+</SUP> or TRPA1<SUP>+</SUP> neurons allowed allyl isothiocyanate or capsaicin, respectively, to evoke itch, implying that certain peripheral afferents may normally indirectly inhibit algogens from eliciting itch. These findings support the presence of functionally distinct sets of itch-generating neurons and suggest that targeted silencing of activated sensory fibers may represent a clinically useful anti-pruritic therapeutic approach for histaminergic and non-histaminergic pruritus.

Creativity, for whom? Together Reconceptualizing the Possibilities of Art Education

Olivia Gude 한국국제미술교육학회 2012 미술과 교육 Vol.13 No.2

Is the current shift toward emphasizing teaching CREATIVE PROCESS in art education curriculum a deliberate, ideologically motivated shift away from teaching ARTISTIC PROCESS? Engaged contemporary art education practices encourage students to pursue individual and collaborative visual and cultural research agendas to explore things that are truly meaningful (or problematic) in their lives. Structuring art education curriculum on traditional and modernist conceptions of art making or on formulas for creative ideation does not give students the knowledge and skills needed to authentically investigate contemporary life. Truly creative students will deeply experience their own sense of possibility and agency. Can we together imagine art education practices in which we develop in our students the willingness and capacity to “enter into” aesthetic practices and the ability to select and shape these practices for use as experience-generating, information-generating, pleasure-generating and purpose-generating vehicles of aesthetic investigation?

창의성, 누구를 위한 것인가? : 미술교육 가능성에 대한 전체적인 재개념화

Olivia Gude,김미남 한국국제미술교육학회 2012 미술과 교육 Vol.13 No.2

미술교육 커리큘럼 안에서 현재 미적 과정을 가르치는 것에서 창의적 과정을 가르치는 것을 강조하는 방향으로의 이루어지고 있는 변화는 이데올로기상으로 동기화되어 신중하게 이루어진 것인가? 현대 미술교육 활동들은 학생들이 그들의 삶에서 정말로 의미 있는 (혹은 문제 있는) 일들을 탐구하기 위해 개별적이고 협동적인 시각적 문화적 연구를 수행하도록 격려한다. 미술 작업의 전통적이고 근대적인 개념들을 토대로 혹은 창의적 상상을 위한 공식들을 토대로 미술교육과정을 구성하는 것은 학생들에게 동시대의 삶을 진지하게 탐구하는데 필요한 지식이나 기술들을 주지 않는다. 진정으로 창의적인 학생들은 자신의 가능성과 자기 자신을 깊게 경험할 것이다. 학생들이 미적 활동에 “참여할” 의지와 능력들 그리고 미적 탐구를 위한 경험-발생, 정보-발생, 유희-발생 그리고 목적-발생 도구로서 사용하기 위해 이런 활동들을 선택하고 구체화시킬 수 있는 능력을 발달시키는 미술교육 활동들을 우리 모두는 상상할 수 있을까?

Determining optimum pulse mode for ultrasound enhanced biodiesel production

Edith Martinez-Guerra,,Veera Gnaneswar Gude 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.35 No.-

This study evaluated the most suitable pulse mode (pulse ON–OFF pattern) for transesterification ofwaste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide. Pulse sonication effect was investigated using ethanol,methanol, and ethanol–methanol mixtures to convert waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The importanceof duty cycle (pulse-mode operation) and the role of reaction temperature during the conversion processwere discussed. A maximum biodiesel yield of 99% was obtained for a pulse ON–OFF combination of 7 s–2 s at 150 W power output, and the optimum reaction conditions of 9:1 alcohol-to-oil molar ratio (50%-ethanol, 50%-methanol), 1 wt.% of NaOH, and 1.5 min reaction time.

Ultrasound-chitosan enhanced flocculation of low algal turbid waters

Sara Ann Fast,Veera Gnaneswar Gude 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.24 No.-

In this study, we evaluated the effect of ultrasound-chitosan enhanced flocculation process for efficient removal of algal cells from low algal turbid waters comparing with the conventional rapid mix process. The results show that the turbidity removal efficiencies for ultrasound-enhanced coagulation (97.8–99% removal) were comparable to the conventional rapid mix coagulation (96.8–99% removal) for alum and for chitosan (84.1–90.5% for RM and 84–97% for US). This study confers that ultrasound mixing can be performed instead of conventional rapid mixing to improve the algal cell removal efficacies from the low algal turbid waters.

Bioelectricity production in photosynthetic microbial desalination cells under different flow configurations

Bahareh Kokabian,Renotta Smith,John P. Brooks,Veera Gnaneswar Gude 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.58 No.-

This study presents the first report on the performance of Photosynthetic microbial desalination cells under different flow configurations. Three different photosynthetic MDCs (using Chlorella vulgaris) were evaluated for their performance and energy generation potentials. Static (fed-batch, SPMDC), continuous flow (CFPMDC) and a photobioreactor MDC (PBMDC, resembling lagoon type PMDCs) were developed to study the impact of process operation and design on wastewater treatment, electricity generation, nutrient removal, and biomass production capacities. A maximum power density of 753.75 mW m−3 was produced in a SPMDC while a higher biomass growth rate of 7 mg L−1 h−1 was recorded for CFPMDC. In addition, PMDCs showed high removal rates of organic carbon and nutrient compounds. Experimental studies revealed that PMDCs can be configured to maximize energy recovery through either biomass or bioelectricity production. Finally, microbial composition analysis on different biosolids samples in the PMDCs revealed very diverse groups of microbial communities.

Cellulose-based Composites Prepared by Two-step Extrusion from Miscanthus Grass and Cellulose Esters

Yuanxi Liu,Alexander Feldner,Robert Kupfer,Martin Zahel,Maik Gude,Tiemo Arndt 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.11

Natural fibres from regional plants like miscanthus grass have gained a lot attention as a replacement of syntheticfibres due to their eco-friendly nature, abundant local availability, low cost, reducing food versus fuel competition and theirapplications in bio-based composites. Nevertheless, the polar nature of natural fibres usually leads to a weak interfacialcompatibility with hydrophobic thermoplastic matrices, resulting in poor strengths of the composites. In our study a way toprepare cellulose-based composites in a two-step extrusion process is investigated. The cellulosic fibres are first fibrillatedfrom refined miscanthus fibres through (chemo-)thermomechanical pulping by extrusion. The fibre morphology includingthe aspect ratio is measured by field flow fractionation with optical measurement system. Infrared spectroscopy is applied toanalyse the degree of substitution (DS) values quantitatively. In a second extrusion step, the modified cellulosic fibres arecompounded with cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) to cellulose-based injection-mouldablecomposites. The thermal, rheological, mechanical and morphological properties are characterised to analyse the composites. The properties of the composites prepared by this method are compared with their unmodified grades and with compositesusing drop-in biopolymers bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) and bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE) as matrices. It shows, thatthe mechanical properties of mechanically fibrillated cellulose fibres reinforced CA are comparable to glass fibre reinforcedpolypropylene with similar fibre weight content. We have also seen, that the influence of mechanical fibrillation exceeds theinfluence of the chemical modification.

Structural and radiological characterization of irradiated RBMK-1500 reactor graphite

Elena Lagzdina,Danielius Lingis,Arturas Plukis,Rita Plukiene,Darius Germanas,Andrius Garbaras,Jevgenij Garankin,Arunas Gudelis,Ilja Ignatjev,Gediminas Niaura,Sergej Krutovcov,Vidmantas Remeikis 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.1

This study aims to characterize the irradiated RBMK-1500 nuclear graphite in terms of both structuraland radiological properties. The experimental results of morphological and structural analysis of theirradiated graphite samples by using SEM, Raman spectroscopy as well as the theoretical evaluation ofprimary displacement damage are presented. Moreover, the experimental and theoretical evaluation ofthe neutron flux is provided and the presence of several g emitters in the analyzed graphite samples isassessed. Furthermore, the improved version of rapid analysis method for 14C activity determination isapplied and the experimentally obtained results are compared with calculated ones. Results indicate thatstructural changes are uniform enough in all the analyzed samples. However, the distribution of radionuclidesis non-homogeneous in the irradiated RBMK-1500 reactor graphite matrix. The comprehensiveunderstanding of both structural and radiological characteristics of nuclear graphite is veryimportant when dealing with decision about irradiated graphite waste management strategy or treatmentoptions prior to its final disposal.

Results of the CCRI(II)-S12.H-3 supplementary comparison: Comparison of methods for the calculation of the activity and standard uncertainty of a tritiated-water source measured using the LSC-TDCR method

Cassette, Philippe,Altzitzoglou, Timotheos,Antohe, Andrei,Rossi, Mario,Arinc, Arzu,Capogni, Marco,Galea, Raphael,Gudelis, Arunas,Kossert, Karsten,Lee, K.B.,Liang, Juncheng,Nedjadi, Youcef,Oropesa Verd Elsevier 2018 Applied radiation and isotopes Vol.134 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A comparison of calculations of the activity of a <SUP>3</SUP>H<SUB>2</SUB>O liquid scintillation source using the same experimental data set collected at the LNE-LNHB with a triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) counter was completed. A total of 17 laboratories calculated the activity and standard uncertainty of the LS source using the files with experimental data provided by the LNE-LNHB. The results as well as relevant information on the computation techniques are presented and analysed in this paper. All results are compatible, even if there is a significant dispersion between the reported uncertainties. An output of this comparison is the estimation of the dispersion of TDCR measurement results when measurement conditions are well defined.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Comparison of calculations of the activity of a <SUP>3</SUP>H<SUB>2</SUB>O LS source from the same experimental data set. </LI> <LI> Data set from a triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) counter. </LI> <LI> 17 laboratories participated in this exercise. </LI> <LI> Results and relevant information on the computation techniques are presented and analysed. </LI> <LI> All results are compatible but significant dispersion of the reported uncertainties. </LI> </UL> </P>