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        Cellulose-based Composites Prepared by Two-step Extrusion from Miscanthus Grass and Cellulose Esters

        Yuanxi Liu,Alexander Feldner,Robert Kupfer,Martin Zahel,Maik Gude,Tiemo Arndt 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.11

        Natural fibres from regional plants like miscanthus grass have gained a lot attention as a replacement of syntheticfibres due to their eco-friendly nature, abundant local availability, low cost, reducing food versus fuel competition and theirapplications in bio-based composites. Nevertheless, the polar nature of natural fibres usually leads to a weak interfacialcompatibility with hydrophobic thermoplastic matrices, resulting in poor strengths of the composites. In our study a way toprepare cellulose-based composites in a two-step extrusion process is investigated. The cellulosic fibres are first fibrillatedfrom refined miscanthus fibres through (chemo-)thermomechanical pulping by extrusion. The fibre morphology includingthe aspect ratio is measured by field flow fractionation with optical measurement system. Infrared spectroscopy is applied toanalyse the degree of substitution (DS) values quantitatively. In a second extrusion step, the modified cellulosic fibres arecompounded with cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) to cellulose-based injection-mouldablecomposites. The thermal, rheological, mechanical and morphological properties are characterised to analyse the composites. The properties of the composites prepared by this method are compared with their unmodified grades and with compositesusing drop-in biopolymers bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) and bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE) as matrices. It shows, thatthe mechanical properties of mechanically fibrillated cellulose fibres reinforced CA are comparable to glass fibre reinforcedpolypropylene with similar fibre weight content. We have also seen, that the influence of mechanical fibrillation exceeds theinfluence of the chemical modification.

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