Marine sponge-associated bacteria as a potential source for polyhydroxyalkanoates

Sathiyanarayanan, Ganesan,Saibaba, Ganesan,Kiran, George Seghal,Yang, Yung-Hun,Selvin, Joseph Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2017 Critical reviews in microbiology Vol.43 No.3

Understanding Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Consciousness: Biological Correlates and Translational Implications from Quantum Theory Perspectives

Ganesan Venkatasubramanian 대한정신약물학회 2015 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.13 No.1

From neurophenomenological perspectives, schizophrenia has been conceptualized as “a disorder with heterogeneous manifestations that can be integrally understood to involve fundamental perturbations in consciousness”. While these theoretical constructs based on consciousness facilitate understanding the ‘gestalt’ of schizophrenia, systematic research to unravel translational implications of these models is warranted. To address this, one needs to begin with exploration of plausible biological underpinnings of “perturbed consciousness” in schizophrenia. In this context, an attractive proposition to understand the biology of consciousness is “the orchestrated object reduction (Orch-OR) theory” which invokes quantum processes in the microtubules of neurons. The Orch-OR model is particularly important for understanding schizophrenia especially due to the shared ‘scaffold’ of microtubules. The initial sections of this review focus on the compelling evidence to support the view that “schizophrenia is a disorder of consciousness” through critical summary of the studies that have demonstrated self-abnormalities, aberrant time perception as well as dysfunctional intentional binding in this disorder. Subsequently, these findings are linked with ‘Orch-OR theory’ through the research evidence for aberrant neural oscillations as well as microtubule abnormalities observed in schizophrenia. Further sections emphasize the applicability and translational implications of Orch-OR theory in the context of schizophrenia and elucidate the relevance of quantum biology to understand the origins of this puzzling disorder as “fundamental disturbances in consciousness”.

Nephroprotective effect of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm f.: Sivakaranthai (a Siddha Kayakalpa drug) against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity

Ganesan Rethinam,Anand Duraiswamy,G. Dayanand Reddy,P. Elankani,Sampath Kundrapakkam Srinivasan 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is described as a disorder with a sudden loss of kidney function. AKI is also attributed to several aetiologies such as diabetes, cardiac problems, etc. Developing a therapy for AKI is challenging due to its complex pathophysiology. The present study investigated the effect of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm f. aqueous extract, a Siddha Kalpha drug, against gentamicin-induced AKI. Animals were initially pre-administered with different concentrations of S. amaranthoides and later induced with gentamicin on the 8th day. Biochemical, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant markers were analysed. Further, HRLCMS analysis was carried out to identify the bioactive components. Components including myo-inositol, traumatic acid, rosmarinic acid, etc. were identified. In the animals induced with gentamicin, KIM1, LDH, GGT, creatinine, BUN and electrolytes were elevated in both serum and urine, while noted within normal range in S. amaranthoides pre-administered groups. Histopathology analysis revealed prevention of necrosis, tubular epithelial cell degeneration and glomerular congestion in S. amaranthoides administered animals. Lipid peroxidation, KIM1, Cystatin C, TNFα, IL6 and NFκB were within normal range in tissues. Thus, it is evident that S. amaranthoides is effective in protecting kidney damage and treating AKI. Further studies will be conducted to analyse the pathways resurrecting kidney damage.

Correlation between the Structure and Catalytic Activity of [Cp*Rh(Substituted Bipyridine)] Complexes for NADH Regeneration

Ganesan, Vinothkumar,Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Yoon, Sungho American Chemical Society 2017 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.56 No.3

<P>A series of water-soluble half-sandwich [Cp*Rh-III(N<^>N)Cl](+) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadiene, N<^>N-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine) complexes containing electron-donating substituents around the 2,2'-bipyridyl ligand were synthesized and fully characterized for the regioselective reduction of nicotinamide coenzyme (NAD(+)). The influence of the positional effect of the substituents on the structural, electrochemical, and catalytic properties of the catalyst was systematically studied in detail. The catalytic efficiency of the substituted bipyridine Cp*RhIII complexes are inversely correlated with their redox potentials. The 5,5'-substituted bipyridine Cp*RhIII complex, which had the lowest reduction potential, most effectively regenerated NADH with a turnover frequency of 1100 h(-1). Detailed kinetic studies on the generation of intermediate(s) provide valuable mechanistic insight into this catalytic cycle and help to direct the future design strategy of corresponding catalysts.</P>

Hierarchical Ni_3.5Co_5.5S₈ nanosheet-assembled hollow nanocages: Superior electrocatalyst towards oxygen evolution reaction

Ganesan, Vinoth,Ramasamy, Parthiban,Kim, Jinkwon Elsevier 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.42 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Developing highly efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for renewable energy storage technologies. Here, we synthesized hierarchical Co-based bimetallic sulfide nanostructures as an efficient electrocatalyst for OER. Ni<SUB>3.5</SUB>Co<SUB>5.5</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> nanostructures were synthesized by solvothermal sulfurization and thermal annealing of pre-synthesized homogenous bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Electron microscopy studies revealed that the Ni<SUB>3.5</SUB>Co<SUB>5.5</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> has hollow nanocage like morphology with thin nanosheets grown on the surface. In addition, Co<SUB>9</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> hollow nanocages were also synthesized for comparative electrocatalytic evaluation with the Ni<SUB>3.5</SUB>Co<SUB>5.5</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> nanosheet-assembled hollow nanocages (NAHNs). The Ni<SUB>3.5</SUB>Co<SUB>5.5</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> NAHNs has exhibited a low overpotential of 333 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> (1.563 V <I>vs</I> RHE) and Tafel slope of 48.5 mV dec<SUP>−1</SUP> for the oxygen evolution reaction in 1 M KOH. Benefitting from their structural merits, Ni<SUB>3.5</SUB>Co<SUB>5.5</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> NAHNs manifest excellent OER electrocatalytic activity compared to most of the recently reported non-precious catalyst for OER.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hierarchical Ni<SUB>3.5</SUB>Co<SUB>5.5</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> nanosheet assembled hollow nanocages (NAHNs) were successfully synthesized. </LI> <LI> Ni<SUB>3.5</SUB>Co<SUB>5.5</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> NAHNs provide high porous nature and large surface area. </LI> <LI> Explored as efficient, low potential electrocatalyst to drive the oxygen evolution reaction. </LI> <LI> Ni<SUB>3.5</SUB>Co<SUB>5.5</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> NAHNs catalyst exhibited better OER stability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Inexpensive electrochemical synthesis of nickel iron sulphides on nickel foam: super active and ultra-durable electrocatalysts for alkaline electrolyte membrane water electrolysis

Ganesan, P.,Sivanantham, A.,Shanmugam, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.4 No.42

<P>Efficient and durable electrocatalysts for water splitting (both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) are required for the replacement of expensive noble metal-based catalysts used in water electrolysis devices. Herein, we describe the inexpensive synthesis of electrochemically deposited nickel iron sulphides on nickel foam (NiFeS/NF) and their use as highly efficient bi-functional water splitting catalysts that can meet the current energy demands. The NiFeS/NF electrocatalysts exhibited low overpotentials of approximately 231 mV for the OER and 180 mV for the HER in 1 M KOH. Moreover, the NiFeS/NF electrocatalysts exhibited a turnover frequency of one order of magnitude higher than those of state-of-the-art noble metal catalysts (RuO2 and Pt/C) for the OER and HER. In addition to this excellent activity, the bi-functional catalyst also exhibited an outstanding OER and HER electrode stability for over 200 h with minimal loss in activity. Further, it can be directly used in the practical application of alkaline electrolyte membrane water electrolysis. The high performance, prolonged electrode stability, and facile synthesis as an adherent coating on nickel foam suggest that NiFeS/NF electrocatalysts might be suitable for use as alternative commercially viable catalysts.</P>

Interpreting Recent Developments in Myanmar as an Attempt to Establish Political Legitimacy

Ganesan, N. 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2013 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.1 No.2

Myanmar is currently undergoing widespread changes that are transforming the country's political and socio-economic landscape. These changes include the newly promulgated Constitution that was ratified in 2008 and a national election held in November 2010. Additionally, by-elections in April 2012 saw the return to Parliament of the National League for Democracy and its leader Aung San Suu Kyi. The reforms under the new Thein Sein-led government include a congenial working relationship with the political opposition, freeing political prisoners and the granting of amnesty to political exiles to encourage their return, the negotiation of ceasefire agreements with almost all of the ethnic insurgent armies, and the inauguration of the Myanmar Peace Centre as a vehicle for the resolution of domestic conflict. These and related reforms are designed to secure the government's internal and external political legitimacy which it has lacked since the fall of the previous socialist government in 1988.

Nomenclatural changes for some freshwater red algae from India

Ganesan, E.K.,West, John A. The Korean Society of Phycology 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.1

In preparing a bibliographic check-list on freshwater red algae of India, we noted that nomenclatural changes are necessary for nine taxa currently placed in Acrochaetium-Audouinella-Chantransia complex and Batrachospermum sensu lato. These are Audouinella desikacharyi nom. nov., A. keralayensis (Jose & Patel) comb. nov., Kumanoa balakrishnanii (Chaugule) comb. nov., K. dasyphylla (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. iyengarii (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. kylinii (Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. mahabaleshwarense (Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. umamaheswararaoi (Baluswami & Babu) comb. nov., and K. zeylanica (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov. All the above-mentioned species, excepting Kumanoa zeylanica, appear to be endemic to India, since no other records are known outside India.

Overexpression of phytochrome A and its hyperactive mutant improves shade tolerance and turf quality in creeping bentgrass and zoysiagrass

Ganesan, Markkandan,Han, Yun-Jeong,Bae, Tae-Woong,Hwang, Ok-Jin,Chandrasekkhar, Thummala,Shin, Ah-Young,Goh, Chang-Hyo,Nishiguchi, Satoshi,Song, In-Ja,Lee, Hyo-Yeon,Kim, Jeong-Il,Song, Pill-Soon Springer-Verlag 2012 Planta Vol.236 No.4

<P>Phytochrome A (phyA) in higher plants is known to function as a far-red/shade light-sensing photoreceptor in suppressing shade avoidance responses (SARs) to shade stress. In this paper, the Avena PHYA gene was introduced into creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) to improve turf quality by suppressing the SARs. In addition to wild-type PHYA, a hyperactive mutant gene (S599A-PHYA), in which a phosphorylation site involved in light-signal attenuation was removed, was also transformed into the turfgrasses. Phenotypic traits of the transgenic plants were compared to assess the suppression of SARs under a simulated shade condition and outdoor field conditions after three growth seasons. Under the shade condition, the S599A-PhyA transgenic creeping bentgrass plants showed shade avoidance-suppressing phenotypes with a 45?% shorter leaf lengths, 24?% shorter internode lengths, and twofold increases in chlorophyll concentrations when compared with control plants. Transgenic zoysiagrass plants overexpressing S599A-PHYA also showed shade-tolerant phenotypes under the shade condition with reductions in leaf length (15?%), internode length (30?%), leaf length/width ratio (19?%) and leaf area (22?%), as well as increases in chlorophyll contents (19?%) and runner lengths (30?%) compared to control plants. The phenotypes of transgenic zoysiagrass were also investigated in dense field habitats, and the transgenic turfgrass exhibited shade-tolerant phenotypes similar to those observed under laboratory shade conditions. Therefore, the present study suggests that the hyperactive phyA is effective for the development of shade-tolerant plants, and that the shade tolerance nature is sustained under field conditions.</P>

The Myanmar Peace Center: Its Origins, Activities, and Aspirations

Ganesan, N. 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2014 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.2 No.1