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Ga Eun Lee,Ryun Hee Kim,Taehwan Lim,Jaecheol Kim,Suna Kim,Keum Taek Hwang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
This study aimed to identify ellagitannins in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) seeds (BS) and to optimize accelerated solvent extraction of ellagitannins using artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA). Ellagitannins were fractionated using Amberlite XAD-16N and Sephadex LH-20 resins. The ellagitannin fraction was qualitatively analyzed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. BS had mainly monomeric and dimeric ellagitannins such as pedunculagin, castalagin, acutissimin A, sanguiin H-10, casuarictin, sanguiin H-2, sanguiin H-6, and sanguiin H-6 without a gallic moiety. For ANN modeling, extraction time (3-9 min), extraction temperature (40-70°C), and solvent concentration (50-100% acetone) were set as independent input variables, and total ellagitannin content was set as output variable. The ANN of this study had an input layer with three neurons, a hidden layer with ten neurons, and an output layer with one neuron. The optimal extraction conditions of the total ellagitannin content were predicted by the trained ANN coupled with GA. This study is the first attempt to analyze ellagitannin content in BS.
Lim, Ga-Hee,Kim, Kye-Hoon,Seo, Byoung-Hwan,Kim, Kwon-Rae 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.3
Absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in plants were determined by phytoavailable contents rather than total contents of heavy metals. Therefore, phytoavailability-based management protocol should be prepared for safe food crop production in contaminated agricultural lands. This study was conducted to understand the distribution and phytoavailability of heavy metal in the Korean agricultural soils affected by abandoned mining sites along with investigation of soil properties (soil pH, OM, DOC, clay content, Al/Fe/Mn content) influencing on the metal phytoavailability. For this, 142 agricultural soils located nearby 39 abandoned mining sites distributed in five province in Korea, were analyzed. Among the four different heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) appeared to exist in more phytoavailable form than cupper (Cu) and lead (Pb). Soil pH was the main factor governing phytoavailable Cd, Pb, and Zn showing positive relationship with partitioning coefficients of the corresponding metals; Cd (r = 0.66, P < 0.001), Pb (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), and Zn (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). This implied higher phytoavailability of the corresponding metals with higher soil pH. In contrast, phytoavailability of Cu (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) was only negatively related with soil DOC (dissolved organic carbon).
Quality Assessment of the Soils Used for Urban Agriculture in Seoul and its Vicinity
Ga-Hee Lim,Sol-Yi Park,Da-Som Jeon,Jung-Hwan Yoon,Dan-Bi Lee,Jun-Seok Oh,Kye-Hoon Kim 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.5
Soil quality assessment is an important tool for environmental management in an agricultural field. It can be used to evaluate the health of the soils and to establish the basis for sustainable urban agriculture and soil management. For this study, the chemical properties of the soils used for urban agriculture were examined. Results of the soil analysis for chemical properties were applied to soil quality assessment system, which is composed of principal component analysis, application to scoring function and derivation of soil quality index (SQI). Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (T-N) were determined for minimum data set (MDS) according to principal component analysis. Based on the results of scoring for four indicators (pH, EC, OM, T-N), soil pH was the indicator that needs the most urgent management. Results of SQI derivation showed that many of the urban farms appeared to be insufficient score in comprehensive soil quality assessment. In conclusion, soil management practices based on scores derived from soil chemical indicators need to be carried out to maintain sustainable urban agricultural soil environment and to provide easy-to-understand information to urban farmers.
Ga-Hee Lim,Kye-Hoon Kim,Byoung-Hwan Seo,Kwon-Rae Kim 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.3
Absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in plants were determined by phytoavailable contents rather than total contents of heavy metals. Therefore, phytoavailability-based management protocol should be prepared for safe food crop production in contaminated agricultural lands. This study was conducted to understand the distribution and phytoavailability of heavy metal in the Korean agricultural soils affected by abandoned mining sites along with investigation of soil properties (soil pH, OM, DOC, clay content, Al/Fe/Mn content) influencing on the metal phytoavailability. For this, 142 agricultural soils located nearby 39 abandoned mining sites distributed in five province in Korea, were analyzed. Among the four different heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) appeared to exist in more phytoavailable form than cupper (Cu) and lead (Pb). Soil pH was the main factor governing phytoavailable Cd, Pb, and Zn showing positive relationship with partitioning coefficients of the corresponding metals; Cd (r = 0.66, P < 0.001), Pb (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), and Zn (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). This implied higher phytoavailability of the corresponding metals with higher soil pH. In contrast, phytoavailability of Cu (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) was only negatively related with soil DOC (dissolved organic carbon).
폐광산 인근 농경지 토양의 중금속 유효도 분포와 유효도에 영향을 미치는 토양특성
임가희 ( Ga Hee Lim ),김계훈 ( Byoung Hwan Seo ),서병환 ( Kwon Rae Kim ),김권래 ( Kye Hoon Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-
우리나라 중금속 오염 농경지는 상당수가 폐광산 인근에 분포하고 있고, 작물생산을 위한 영농활 동이 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 지역에서 생산된 농산물의 안전성 문제가 제기되고 있어, 생산 단계에서 작물의 중금속 흡수를 저감시키기 위한 관리방안이 필요한 실정이다. 식물에 의한 중 금속 흡수는 토양 중 중금속 총농도에 의한 영향보다 중금속 유효도에 영향을 받으므로 유효도 관리 에 초점을 맞추어야 할 필요성이 있다. 토양 내 중금속 유효도는 토양 pH, 유기물함량, 양이온교환 용량, 점토함량 등 다양한 이화학적 특성에 따라 결정된다는 많은 연구결과가 보고되고 있다. 따라서 안전한 농산물 생산을 위해서는 토양 내 중금속 유효도와 토양특성을 함께 고려해야 한다. 본 연구 에서는 폐광산 인근 오염 농경지에 대한 관리방안을 모색하고자 하는 연구의 일환으로 폐광산의 영 향을 받은 농경지 토양의 중금속 유효도와 이에 영향을 미치는 토양특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 우리나라 폐광산 인근 농경지 토양 142점을 채취하여 실험 재료로 사용하였으며, 풍건한 토양의 pH, 유기물(O.M.), 용존유기탄소(DOC), 점토함량, 알루미늄·철·망간 산화물 함량, 왕수분해법에 의한 중금속(Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) 총농도, 1 M NH4NO3 침출법과 0.02 M Ca(NO3)2 침출법에 의한 중 금속 유효태 농도를 측정하였다. 각 측정값은 pH와 점토함량을 제외하고, 로그값으로 변환 후 토 양특성과 중금속 함량 및 유효도 간의 상관관계를 선형회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 중금속 유효태 농도에 대한 중금속 총농도의 비율로 산출한 분배계수 Kd d, Kd e값은 토양의 중금 속 유효도를 나타낸다. Cu를 제외하고 Cd, Pb, Zn의 Kd값은 토양 pH와 양의 상관관계를 나타냈 는데, 이는 토양 pH가 상승함에 따라 중금속 유효도가 감소한다는 일반적인 이론과 상응하는 결과 였다. Kd값과 유기물 및 DOC와의 상관관계에 있어서는 Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 모두가 대체적으로 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고 이는 유기물이 증가할수록 토양 내 중금속 유효도가 증가한다는 것을 의미한다. 알루미늄·철·망간 산화물 함량과 Kd값과의 상관관계는 Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 모두에 서 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으며 이는 양이온흡착능력이 많은 토양일수록 중금속을 흡착하는 능력 도 커져 유효도가 감소하는 것을 의미한다. 이상 결과를 종합해 볼 때 중금속 종류별로 상관관계 정도의 차이는 있으나 토양 pH, 유기물 및 DOC, 알루미늄·철·망간 산화물의 함량이 중금속의 유효도를 결정하는 주요 인자로 판단된다. 따라서, 유효도 관리를 위해서 이들 인자들이 고려되어 야 할 것이다.
중금속 오염 농경지의 식물유효태 예측 모델식 개발: 우리나라 폐광산 인근 농경지 토양 사례 연구
임가희 ( Ga Hee Lim ),김계훈 ( Kye Hoon Kim ),서병환 ( Byoung Hwan Seo ),김권래 ( Kwon Rae Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.4
BACKGROUND: Application of the transfer functions derived from local soil data is necessary in order to develop proper management protocols for agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals through phytoavailability control of the heavy metals. The aim of this study was to derive the transfer functions of Korean agricultural soils affected by the abandoned mining sites and evaluate suitability of the derived transfer functions. METHODS AND RESULTS: 142 agricultural soils affected by the abandoned mining sites were collected and analyzed. Two extraction methods, including 1 M NH4NO3 extraction and 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 extraction were applied to determine phytoavailable metal pools in soils. Multiple stepwise regression of phytoavailable metal pools against the corresponding total metal concentration and soil properties was conducted to derive suitable transfer functions for estimating phytoavailable heavy metal pools. Applicability of the derived transfer functions was examinedby calculating NME and NRMSE. CONCLUSION: Soil pH and organic matter were valid variables for derivation of the transfer functions which were applicable for estimating phytoavailable metal concentrations in the soils being contaminated by heavy metals. In addition, it was confirmed that transfer functions need to be developed based on local soil conditions to accurately estimate heavy metal-phytoavailability.
중금속 오염 토양에서 재배한 주요 작물별 가식부 중금속 축적 농도 및 생물농축계수
임가희 ( Ga Hee Lim ),김계훈 ( Kye Hoon Kim ),서병환 ( Byoung Hwan Seo ),김권래 ( Kwon Rae Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회지 Vol.34 No.4
BACKGROUND: The current study was conducted to examine the species specific accumulation of Cd and Pb in 11 crop species (Soybean, Sesame, Corn, Polished rice,Carrot, Potato, Garlic, Spring onion, Chinese leek, Red pepper, Eggplant), through cultivating them under the same condition with metal contaminated soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven crop species were cultivated in three different soils contaminated with Cd and Pb and harvested. Edible parts of each crop was pretreated and analyzed to determine Cd and Pb concentrations, and subsequently bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated. In general, the crops of which seeds are used as food showed high concentrations of both Cd and Pb. For instance, Cd concentrations in crops cultivated in Soil A was in the order of soybean (0.432 mg kg-1) > sesame (0.385) > polished rice (0.176) > carrot (0.116) > corn (0.060) > red pepper > (0.047) > potato (0.044) > egg plant (0.025) > garlic (0.023) > spring onion (0.016) > Chinese leek (0.011). BCFs showed the same order.CONCLUSION: From this study, it can be conclude that seeds plants should not be cultivated in Cd and Pb contaminated soils to secure food safety from metal contaminated soils.