Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Male Smokers and Nonsmokers

Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel,Parisa Falsafi,Zahra Hayati,Farzad Rezaei,Jalal Poorolajal 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2013 전남의대학술지 Vol.49 No.2

Tobacco smoking is one of the most important risk factors for the development of oral mucosal lesions such as leukoplakia and hairy tongue. Controversy exists in the literature,however, about the prevalence of oral lesions in smokers. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral lesions in male smokers compared with nonsmokers in Hamadan. A total of 516 male participants were assessed, 258 of whom were smokers and 258 of whom were healthy nonsmokers. The prevalence of lesions was evaluated by clinical observation and biopsy. We found that the most prevalent lesions among smokers were gingival problems and coated tongue; smokers had significantly more lesions than did nonsmokers. Malignant and premalignant lesions were found in a higher age range. Among all participants in our study, we found a large number of oral mucosal lesions in smokers that had a strong correlation with smoking. Dental services need to implement care and health education for smokers to promote health.

Knowledge of General Dentists and Senior Dental Students in Iran about Prevention of Infective Endocarditis

Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel,Samaneh Vaziri,Ghodratollah Roshanaei 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2012 전남의대학술지 Vol.48 No.1

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endothelial surface of the heart and heart valves with serious, even fatal, complications and that often requires long-term and expensive treatment. Dental procedures may lead to IE in high-risk patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the knowledge of general dentists and dental students concerning the prevention of IE in Hamadan, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, the awareness of general dentists and dentistry students concerning the prevention of IE was evaluated during 2010. A questionnaire was prepared and administered to 58 final-year dental students and 96 general dental practitioners in Hamadan. A total of 154 persons completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of some demographic questions and questions about awareness of IE in three sections. The gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and independent t-tests. The gathered data showed that dentistry students answered the questions about awareness of the prevention of IE more correctly than did general dentists. The overall knowledge of endocarditis prophylaxis among students and dentists was about 65% and 56%,respectively. The students’ knowledge was better because 94.9% of the students had desired (acceptable) and relatively desired knowledge; this result for dentists, however,was 82.3%. In our study, the overall awareness level of the study population was moderate. Dentist and students believed that patients with prosthetic valves and previous IE were the most common cardiac disease cases that required prophylaxis. The most common prophylactic regimen was in accordance with the guidelines of the American Heart Association and was a single dose of 2 g amoxicillin 1 hour before treatment. The results indicated that gender had no effect on the level of knowledge;however, there was a statistically significant relationship between age and level of knowledge.

The relationship between the level of salivary alpha amylase activity and pain severity in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel,Shahriar Shahriari,Mohammad Taghi Goodarz,Abbas Moghimbeigi,Mina Jazaeri,Parisa Babaei 大韓齒科保存學會 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: Assessment of dental pain severity is very challenging in dentistry. Previous studies have suggested that elevated salivary alpha amylase may contribute to increased physical stresses. There is a close association between salivary alpha amylase and plasma norepinephrine under stressful physical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pain severity and salivary alpha amylase levels in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: Thirtysix patients (20 females and 16 males) with severe tooth pain due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were selected. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to assess the pain severity in each patient. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and the level of alpha amylase activity was assessed by the spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13. Results: The level of alpha amylase was significantly increased in the saliva in association with pain severity assessed by VAS. The salivary alpha amylase was also elevated with increased age and in males. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the VAS pain scale and salivary alpha amylase level, which indicates this biomarker may be a good index for the objective assessment of pain intensity.

Formation of Electric Dipoles in Pea Stem Tissue Due to an Electric Field

Fatemeh Ahmadi,Elham Farahani 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.1

For examining the effect of an electrical field (DC) on pea seed, we exposed the pea seeds to electric fields with intensities 1, 4 and 7 kV/cm for 30, 230, 430 and 630 seconds. The tests were repeated three times, and each iteration had 5 seeds. Then, the seeds were moved to packaged plates. Finally, microscopic observation of the pea stem tissue showed that the application of a DC electrical field caused a deformation in the pea stem tissue. The results led us to examine the deformation of the tissue theoretically and to address that deformation as an electrostatic problem. In this regard, we modeled the pea stem based on the formation of electric dipoles. Then, theoretically, we calculated the force acting on each xylem section by coding, and the results were consistent with the experimental data.

The relationship between the level of salivary alpha amylase activity and pain severity in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

Ahmadi-Motamayel, Fatemeh,Shahriari, Shahriar,Goodarzi, Mohammad Taghi,Moghimbeigi, Abbas,Jazaeri, Mina,Babaei, Parisa The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: Assessment of dental pain severity is very challenging in dentistry. Previous studies have suggested that elevated salivary alpha amylase may contribute to increased physical stresses. There is a close association between salivary alpha amylase and plasma norepinephrine under stressful physical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pain severity and salivary alpha amylase levels in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients (20 females and 16 males) with severe tooth pain due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were selected. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to assess the pain severity in each patient. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and the level of alpha amylase activity was assessed by the spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13. Results: The level of alpha amylase was significantly increased in the saliva in association with pain severity assessed by VAS. The salivary alpha amylase was also elevated with increased age and in males. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the VAS pain scale and salivary alpha amylase level, which indicates this biomarker may be a good index for the objective assessment of pain intensity.

The Effects of Hearing Aid Digital Noise Reduction and Directionality on Acceptable Noise Level

Roghayeh Ahmadi,Hamid Jalilvand,Mohammad Ebrahim Mahdavi,Fatemeh Ahmadi,Ali Reza Akbarzade Baghban 대한이비인후과학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.11 No.4

Objectives. Two main digital signal processing technologies inside the modern hearing aid to provide the best conditions for hearing aid users are directionality (DIR) and digital noise reduction (DNR) algorithms. There are various possible settings for these algorithms. The present study evaluates the effects of various DIR and DNR conditions (both separately and in combination) on listening comfort among hearing aid users. Methods. In 18 participants who received hearing aid fitting services from the Rehabilitation School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences regularly, we applied acceptable noise level (ANL) as our subjective measure of listening comfort. We evaluated both of these under six different hearing aid conditions: omnidirectional-baseline, omnidirectional-broadband DNR, omnidirectional-multichannel DNR, directional, directional-broadband DNR, and directional-multichannel DNR. Results. The ANL results ranged from −3 dB to 14 dB in all conditions. The results show, among all conditions, both the omnidirectional-baseline condition and the omnidirectional-broadband DNR condition are the worst conditions for listening in noise. The DIR always reduces the amount of noise that patients received during testing. The DNR algorithm does not improve listening in noise significantly when compared with the DIR algorithms. Although both DNR and DIR algorithms yielded a lower ANL, the DIR algorithm was more effective than the DNR. Conclusion. The DIR and DNR technologies provide listening comfort in the presence of noise. Thus, user benefit depends on how the digital signal processing settings inside the hearing aid are adjusted.

High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D3 among pregnant women in central Iran: correlation with newborn vitamin D3 levels and negative association with gestational age

Fatemeh Dorreh,Roghayeh Ahmadi,Abdorrahim Absalan,Afsaneh Akhondzadeh,Nazila Najdi,Kazem Ghaffari 대한산부인과학회 2023 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.66 No.5

Objective Hypovitaminosis D3 is a significant concern among pregnant women and their newborns because vitamin D3 (Vit-D3) plays a crucial role in embryonic growth, development, and health. This study aimed to evaluate the Vit-D3 status of a group of pregnant Iranian women and its association with newborn Vit-D3 levels, medical and clinical indices after delivery. Methods A total of 206 pregnant women and their newborns were assessed for Vit-D3 levels and their correlation with gestational age. Mean±standard deviation (SD) or the orders (non-parametric tests) of variables were compared, and correlation estimations were performed to elucidate any differences or associations between groups, with a confidence interval of at least 0.95. Results The mean±SD of mothers’ age and gestational age were 29.65±6.18 years and 35.59±1.6 weeks, respectively. Neonatal Vit-D3 levels were associated with maternal age. Using a 30 ng/mL cutoff point for serum Vit-D3 levels, 83.5% of pregnant women and 84.7% of newborns had hypovitaminosis D3. The average Vit-D3 levels of mothers and newborns at delivery time were 23.5±8.07 ng/mL and 20.76±9.14 ng/mL, respectively. Newborn Vit-D3 levels were positively correlated with maternal Vit-D3 serum levels (R=0.744; P<0.001) and gestational age (R=0.161; P=0.022). In newborns, head circumference was inversely correlated with bilirubin level (R=-0.302; P<0.001) but directly associated with weight (R=0.640; P<0.001). Conclusion Hypovitaminosis D3 remains a significant challenge for pregnant Iranian women. Maternal Vit-D3 levels provide for the newborn’s needs, particularly in the late stages of pregnancy. Therefore, Vit-D3 supplementation and regular monitoring are essential for pregnant women and their newborns.

Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of PAN Nanofiber/Carbon Nanotube Composite Mats Produced via Needleless Electrospinning System

Zahra Ahmadi,Seyed Abdolkarim Hosseini Ravandi,Fatemeh Haghighat,Farzad Dabirian 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.6

The current research presents the optimization of the parameters involved in the production of polyacrylonitrile(PAN) nanofibers via the needleless electrospinning system. The experiments were designed using the Taguchi method toinvestigate the morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of the nanofibers. The single-wall carbon nanotubes(CNT) were used in order to improve the mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibers. The diameter of the PANnanofibers in the needleless system was less than 300 nm, which was smaller than that in the conventional system. The resultsshowed that the concentration had the greatest impact on the fiber diameter than other parameters in both PAN and PAN/CNTnanofibers. The specific stress of the nanofibers produced by the needleless electrospinning system was lower than thatcreated by the conventional electrospinning system. Addition of The CNT caused to improve the specific stress of the PAN/CNT nanofibers compared with the PAN nanofibers. However, excessive amounts of CNT had a negative effect on theelongation and modulus because of the aggregation of CNT inside the nanofibers. The X-ray diffraction analysis was used tostudy the crystalline behavior of the PAN nanofibers produced via the needleless electrospinning system. The results showedthat the PAN nanofibers had amorphous structure compared with the conventional PAN nanofibers.

Microporous metal–organic frameworks: Synthesis and applications

Mahnaz Ahmadi,Maryam Ebrahimnia,Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi,Rüstem Keçili,Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.115 No.-

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as porous hybrid materials composed of metal ions andorganic ligands. MOFs have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their promising characteristics,including high porosity, surface area, and drug loading capacity, tunable pore size and structure,good biodegradability and biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. MOFs are categorized intothree groups based on their pore widths, including microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous MOFs. MOFs with micropores have shown special features. The internal pore widths of microporous MOFsare less than 2 nm, which leads to their high porosity and surface area. Microporous MOFs could be synthesizedthrough different strategies, including modulator-induced defect-formation, structure-directingagents, pillared-layer assembly, bridging helical chain secondary building units, coordination capabilitiesof P@O moieties in the structure of a ligand, and using octahedral cage-like building units. Because oftheir unique properties, microporous MOFs have shown great potential for many applications such asseparation, storage, catalysis, and sensing. A description of synthesis approaches and applications ofmicroporous MOFs in recent years is provided in this review.

Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation Combined with Calorie-Restricted Diet on Reducing Body Weight and Fat Mass in Obese Women: Result of a Randomized Control Trial

Haidari Fatemeh,Shayesteh Forough,Mohammad-shahi Majid,Jalali Mohammad-Taha,Ahmadi-Angali Kambiz 한국임상영양학회 2021 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.10 No.4

The present trial aims to evaluate a supplementation of the olive leaf extract (OLE) in adjunct with a weight loss diet on anthropometric indices, glycemic indices, lipid profile, as well as the level of adipokines, and free fatty acid in obese women. We carried out an 8-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, clinical trial. The participants were randomly stratified according to age and they were assigned to one of the two study groups: Standard weight loss diet (estimated daily energy requirements minus 500 kcal) + OLE supplementation (n = 35) in intervention group or Standard weight loss diet (estimated daily energy requirements minus 500 kcal) + placebo (n = 35) in placebo group. The study groups were homogeneous regarding the baseline age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences, married status, and physical activity levels (p > 0.05). The results of analysis of covariance presented significant decreases in BMI, fat mass, and body weight in the OLE group compared to those in the placebo group (p < 0.05). At the end of the study, the serum levels of fasting blood sugar, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, leptin, fatty free acid, and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance significantly decreased, and serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin elevated in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Based on results it seems that the addition of OLE to a hypocaloric diet for 8-week compared with a hypocaloric diet alone may be more effective in modifying obesity and metabolic risk factors.