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家兎의 肝固有動脈結紮과 門脈의 部分閉鎖가 肝機能에 미치는 影響
徐東鉉,孫基燮 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1
In order to control exsanguination from traumatized liver or ruptured hepatoma or to palliate tumor growth, interruption of arterial flow to the liver is well documented. Occlusion of the portal vein may play a role for palliation of the growth of primary hepatoma. And iatrogenic hazard to hepatic artery and/or portal vein may occur during surgical procedure on the upper abdomen. The interruption either of arterial or portal flow to the liver should be followed by some adverse effect of liver function. Although many articles have been published for the histopathologic changes and deterioration of liver function after interruption of hepatic artery or portal vein, few comprehensive study of liver function change has been reported as yet. Author carried out an experimental study of alternation of hepatocyte activity after ligation of the proper hepatic artery and stenosing the portal vein of rabbits. Sixty adult healthy rabbits irrespective of sex weighing about 2kg were subjected to this study. The subject of liver function were studied after ligation of the hepatic artery and stenosis of the portal vein in normal rabbits on serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum pyruvic transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, total bilirubin, albumin, and globulin. The result were as follows: 1. The values of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and serum alkaline phosphatase activity(AP) has showed gradual rise from 5 to 30 days after procedure to the level of about twice of normal level in the group of the arterial ligation. On the other hand, in the values of SGOT, SGPT, and AP rose abruptly and steeply up in the early days, 5 or 10 days after procedure but thereafter those levels decreased gradually as the days go by and returned to normal level in 30 days. And these alterations were statistically significant changes (P<0.01) each other. 2. The values of serum total bilirubin(TB) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were observed no significant changes statistically(P>0.05). 3. The values of glucose of both experimental groups decreased steeply to the level of about two third on the 5 days after operation, and thereafter the group of proper hepatic artery ligation has continued to decrease as days go by. Meanwhile the values of the group of the portal vein stenosis has decreased as days go by and returned to almost the same level of the control group. And these were statistically significant changes, P<0.01 respectively. 4. The values of serum albumin decreased slightly in early days after the both operation and continued to decrease from begining to 30 days after proper hepatic artery ligation at around the level of about a half values of control group. On the other hand it has tendency to increase and returned to normal in the group of portal vein stenosis. And these had statistically significant changes, P<0.01 respectively. 5. The serum globulin level of both experimental groups threw the mirror image on the side of above the control level to the serum albumin level which is located on the other side, below, of the control level(Fig 7 & 8). 6. It seem to suggest that almost all of the values of portal stenosis group which was aggravated in early days, has had a tendency to the values of control group as days go by, means that stenosis of portal system to the liver may enhance the development collateral channels.
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金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2
The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.
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金尙國,姜東洹,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,李錫元 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1988 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.1
The purpose of this study was to compare the characterists and change in physique and physical function by college student of physical education major(287males and 40 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results were as following; 1) The characteristics of physique and physical function by sex and age. ① The male group of 18yrs old showed higher values in Height, Weight, Upper Limb Length, Strength, Flexibility, and Vital Capacity than any other groups, but female group showed lower values in Height, Weight, Chest Girth, Lower Limb Length, Thigh, Girth, Calf Girth and all of the Physical function. ② The male group of 19yrs old showed high values in power and Agility, then female group showed in Strength and Flexibility. ③ The male group of 20yrs old showed the lower values in Weight, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girh.Calf Girth, Vital Capacity, and female group are very lowed in Upper Arm Lenght, Fore Arm Length, Skin Fold Thickness and 5 minute Run. ④ The male group of 23yrs old showed the high values in Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth and Balance, and then female group higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Waist Girth, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Power, Shuttle Run, Balance and vital capacity than any other age Groups. ⑤ In male group, Chest Girth, and Blood Pressure were significantly related, and Side Step and Trunk Extension were nagatively related to the age at 0.1% level, and then in female group, Sargent Jump, Standing Long Jump and Vital Capacity were showed a significantly related at 0.5% level. 2) The difference of physique and physical function between male and female by age. ① Everage difference in whole physique items except skinfold thickness was 9.8%, and that 21.1% in all of physical function except Trunk Flextion between male and female group subjects. ② About the ages, the 18yrs old male group showed the 22.8% higher values of 26 items, but 22yrs old male group were about 12.2% in 23 items, thus it is very lower than any other groups. 3) The difference of physique and physical function between General group and physical education group in age-matched. ① In the physique male physical education groups showed about 7% higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Upper Limb Length, Upper Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, and female group showed about 7% higher in Weight and Upper Limb Length. ② In the physical function, Trunk Flextion, 5 minute Run, and Blood Pressure(Diastolic) were about 8% high values in whole group, and female group showed about 8% higher in Standing Long Jump, Shuttle Run, and Trunk Extension. ③ In 22yrs old male and female physical education group were very dominated in physique and physical function than the other age group against the general group.
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Wang, Mengjing,Kim, Jung Han,Han, Sang Sub,Je, Minyeong,Gil, Jaeyoung,Noh, Chanwoo,Ko, Tae-Jun,Lee, Kyu Seung,Son, Dong Ick,Bae, Tae-Sung,Ryu, Hyeon Ih,Oh, Kyu Hwan,Jung, YounJoon,Choi, Heechae,Chung, American Chemical Society 2019 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.123 No.45
<P>Benefiting from a large density of layer edges exposed on the surface, vertically aligned two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS<SUB>2</SUB>) layers have recently harvested excellent performances in the field of electrochemical catalysis and chemical sensing. With their increasing versatility for high-temperature, demanding applications, it is vital to identify their thermally driven structural and chemical stability, as well as to clarify its underlying principle. Despite various ex situ and in situ characterizations on horizontally aligned 2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> layers, the direct in situ heating of vertically aligned 2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> layers and the real-time observation of their near-atomic-scale dynamics have never been approached, leaving their thermal stability poorly understood. Moreover, the geometrical advantage of the surface-exposed vertically aligned 2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> layers is anticipated to unveil the structural dynamics of interlayer van der Waals (vdW) gaps and its correlation with thermal energy, unattainable with 2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> layers in any other geometry. Herein, we report a comprehensive in situ heating TEM study on cleanly transferred, vertically aligned 2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> layers up to 1000 °C. Several striking phenomena were newly observed in the course of heating: (1) formation and propagation of voids between the domains of vertical 2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> layers with distinct grain orientations starting at ∼875 °C; (2) subsequent decompositions of the 2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> layers accompanying a formation of Mo nanoparticles at ∼950 °C, a temperature much lower than the melting temperature of their bulk counterpart; and (3) initiation of decomposition from the surface-exposed 2D layer vertical edge sites, congruently supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. These new findings will offer critical insights into better understanding the thermodynamic principle that governs the structural stability of general vdW 2D crystals as well as providing useful technological guidance for materials design and optimization in their potential high-temperature applications.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
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Sub-Ri Park,Hwa-Yeop Na,Jung-Mook Kim,Dong-Chan Eun,Eui-Young Son 대한정형외과학회 2016 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.8 No.1
Background: The development of pedicle screw-based posterior spinal instrumentation is recognized as one of the major surgical treatment methods for thoracolumbar burst fractures. However, the appropriate level in posterior segment instrumentation is still a point of debate. To assesses the long-term results of two-level and three-level posterior fixations of thoracolumbar burst fractures that have load-sharing scores of 7 and 8 points. Methods: From January 1998 to May 2009, we retrospectively analyzed clinical and radiologic outcomes of 45 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures of 7 and 8 points in load-sharing classification who were operated on using two-level posterior fixation (one segment above and one segment below: 28 patients, group I) or three-level posterior fixation (two segments above and one segment below: 17 patients, group II). Clinical results included the grade of the fracture using the Frankel classification, and the visual analog score was used to evaluate pain before surgery, immediately after surgery, and during follow-up period. We also evaluated pain and work status at the final follow-up using the Denis pain scale. Results: In all cases, non-union or loosening of implants was not observed. There were two screw breakages in two-level posterior fixation group, but bony union was obtained at the final follow-up. There were no significant differences in loss of anterior vertebral body height, correction loss, or change in adjacent discs. Also, in clinical evaluation, there was no significant difference in the neurological deficit of any patient during the follow-up period. Conclusions: In our study, two-level posterior fixation could be used successfully in selected cases of thoracolumbar burst fractures of 7 and 8 points in the load-sharing classification.
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