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Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 cells
Dahae Lee,Ki Sung Kang,Jae Sik Yu,Jung-Yoon Woo,Gwi Seo Hwang,Dae-Woon Eom,Seung-Hoon Baek,Hye Lim Lee,Ki Hyun Kim,Noriko Yamabe 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3
Background: Compound FK506 is an immunosuppressant agent that is frequently used to prevent rejection of solid organs upon transplant. However, nephrotoxicity due to apoptosis and inflammatory response mediated by FK506 limit its usefulness. In this study, the protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells was investigated. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to FK506 with KRG and cell viability was measured. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses evaluated protein expression of MAPKs, caspase-3, and KIM-1. TLR-4 gene expression was assessed. Caspase-3 activities were also determined. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: The reduction in LLC-PK1 cell viability by 60mM FK506 was recovered by KRG cotreatment in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of p38, p44/42 MAPKs (ERK), KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression was increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with 60mM FK506. However, with the exception of p-ERK, elevated levels of p-p38, KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression were significantly decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Activity level of caspase-3 was also attenuated by KRG cotreatment. Moreover, image-based cytometric assay showed that apoptotic cell death was increased by 60mM FK506 treatment, whereas it was decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism of KRG in the FK506-induced nephrotoxicity may lead to the development of an adjuvant for the inhibition of adverse effect FK506 in the kidney.
Lee, Dahae,Lee, Dong-Soo,Jung, Kiwon,Hwang, Gwi Seo,Lee, Hye Lim,Yamabe, Noriko,Lee, Hae-Jeong,Eom, Dae-Woon,Kim, Ki Hyun,Kang, Ki Sung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1
Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng against tacrolimus (FK506)-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were treated with FK506 and ginsenosides, and cell viability was measured. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were evaluated by Western blotting analyses. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: Reduction in cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was ameliorated significantly by cotreatment with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. The phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and KIM-1, and cleavage of caspase-3, increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with FK506 and significantly decreased after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1. The number of apoptotic cells decreased by 6.0% after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 ($10{\mu}M$ and $50{\mu}M$). Conclusion: The antiapoptotic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on FK506-induced apoptosis were mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspase activation.
Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 cells
Lee, Dahae,Kang, Ki Sung,Yu, Jae Sik,Woo, Jung-Yoon,Hwang, Gwi Seo,Eom, Dae-Woon,Baek, Seung-Hoon,Lee, Hye Lim,Kim, Ki Hyun,Yamabe, Noriko The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3
Background: Compound FK506 is an immunosuppressant agent that is frequently used to prevent rejection of solid organs upon transplant. However, nephrotoxicity due to apoptosis and inflammatory response mediated by FK506 limit its usefulness. In this study, the protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells was investigated. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to FK506 with KRG and cell viability was measured. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses evaluated protein expression of MAPKs, caspase-3, and KIM-1. TLR-4 gene expression was assessed. Caspase-3 activities were also determined. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: The reduction in LLC-PK1 cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was recovered by KRG cotreatment in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of p38, p44/42 MAPKs (ERK), KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression was increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with $60{\mu}M$ FK506. However, with the exception of p-ERK, elevated levels of p-p38, KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression were significantly decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Activity level of caspase-3 was also attenuated by KRG cotreatment. Moreover, image-based cytometric assay showed that apoptotic cell death was increased by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 treatment, whereas it was decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism of KRG in the FK506-induced nephrotoxicity may lead to the development of an adjuvant for the inhibition of adverse effect FK506 in the kidney.
An Efficient Scheme to Acquire the Maximum Power Multipath Component in UWB Systems
Dahae Chong,Sanghun Kim,Suk Chan Kim,Sun Yong Kim,Seokho Yoon 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage acquisition scheme in ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The proposed scheme aims to find the maximum power multipath component. In the first stage, we obtain a timing candidate using bit reversal search (BRS) scheme and in the second stage, we find the maximum power multipath component based on the result from the first stage. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme gives better performance than that of the BRS scheme.
Vertical and horizontal electric fields stimulate growth and physiological responses in lettuce
Kim Dahae,오명민 한국원예학회 2024 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.65 No.2
An electric fi eld, a fi eld of electric force surrounding a charged particle, aff ects the growth, development, morphology, and physiological responses of plants. Previous studies have reported the eff ects of electric fi elds on plants, but further inves tigation is required to understand better how these fi elds infl uence plants. Thus, we aimed to explore the eff ects of both vertical and horizontal electric fi elds on the growth and physiological responses of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) in controlled environmental conditions. When treated 10-day-old lettuce seedlings with 5 kV/m of vertical or horizontal electrostatic f i elds for 28 days, the fresh weights of shoots and roots increased. The morphological changes in the leaves diff ered depend ing on the direction of the electric fi eld. In addition, electric fi elds enhanced the uptake mineral content of the plants that is transported into diff erent plant organs and tend to improve their transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. A vertical electric fi eld accelerated sap fl ow through stems. The rate of the G1 phase of the cell cycle was highest following electric f i eld treatments. Microscopy observations of stomatal size and epidermal cell size supported the notion that mineral uptake was enhanced by the increased transpiration rate and expanded leaf area. Our results indicate that electric fi elds have positive eff ects on lettuce growth and physiological responses and that the growth of lettuce is altered by electric fi elds from diff erent directions. We propose that electric fi elds could be utilized as an environmental factor to maximize plant productivity and modulate plant responses.
Kim, Woogyeong,Lim, Dahae,Kim, Jinju World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.46 No.2
<P><TEX>$ p$</TEX>-coumaric acid (<TEX>$ p$</TEX>-CA) is a common compound found in medicinal herbs, including Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (BC). It has been used to treat various diseases in China and Korea. Our previous study demonstrated that BC inhibits pulmonary and intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we used cigarette smoke (CS) to induce lung inflammation <I>in vivo</I>, and investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of <TEX>$ p$</TEX>-CA on CS-induced inflammatory mice model. Mice were treated with BC and <TEX>$ p$</TEX>-CA via oral injection 2<TEX>$ \,$</TEX>h before CS exposure. The body weight and the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. The levels of relative inflammatory factors were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The lung histological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Also, the protein level of nuclear factor-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B (NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B) was evaluated by Western blotting. Our results indicated that BC and <TEX>$ p$</TEX>-CA inhibited CS-induced lung inflammation by regulating pro-inflammatory productions such as cytokines, chemokine, protease and NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B. Consequently, these data demonstrated that <TEX>$ p$</TEX>-CA inhibited pulmonary inflammation by suppressing NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B activity, through which pro-inflammatory mediators were regulated. Therefore, <TEX>$ p$</TEX>-CA, which was shown to be a major component of BC, can be considered as a strong therapeutic candidate for treating pulmonary inflammatory diseases.</P>