The Chemical and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging Activity Changes of Ginsenosides Rb₁ and Rg₁ by Maillard Reaction

Yamabe, Noriko,Lee, Jin-Gyun,Lee, Yong-Jae,Park, Chan-Hum,Kim, Hyun-Young,Park, Jeong-Hill,Yokozawa, Takako,Kang, Ki-Sung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1

The chemical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity changes of ginsenoside $Rb_1$-glycine and ginsenoside $Rg_1$-glycine mixtures by Maillard reaction were investigated to identify the role of Maillard reaction in the increased antioxidant activity of ginseng by heat-processing. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of $Rg_1$-glycine mixture was more strongly increased by heat-processing than that of $Rb_1$-glycine mixture. From the analyses of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$ was gradually changed into 20(S)-$Rg_3$, 20(R)-$Rg_3$, $Rk_1$ and $Rg_5$ by heat-processing. $Rg_1$ was gradually changed into 20(S)-$Rh_1$, 20(R)-$Rh_1$, $Rk_3$ and $Rh_4$ by heat-processing. However, the generation of these less-polar ginsenosides was not related to the increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of $Rb_1$-glycine and $Rg_1$-glycine mixtures because their DPPH radical scavenging activities were already significantly increased when dried at $50^{\circ}C$, which temperature induce no structural changes of ginsenosides. In the comparison of browning compound levels of $Rg_1$-glycine and $Rb_1$-glycine mixtures, the extents of Maillard reaction were positively correlated with their increased free radical scavenging activities. Based on the chemical and DPPH radical scavenging activity changes of $Rg_1$-glycine and $Rb_1$-glycine mixtures by heat-processing, we clearly identified that the increased free radical scavenging activity of ginsenoside is mediated by the Maillard reaction between sugar moiety of ginsenoside and amino acid.

The Chemical and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging Activity Changes of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 by Maillard Reaction

Noriko Yamabe,Jin Gyun Lee,Yong Jae Lee,Chan Hum Park,Hyun Young Kim,Jeong Hill Park,Takako Yokozawa,Ki Sung Kang 고려인삼학회 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1

The chemical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity changes of ginsenoside Rb₁-glycine and ginsenoside Rg₁ -glycine mixtures by Maillard reaction were investigated to identify the role of Maillard reaction in the increased antioxidant activity of ginseng by heat-processing. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Rg₁-glycine mixture was more strongly increased by heat-processing than that of Rb₁-glycine mixture. From the analyses of ginsenosides, Rb₁ was gradually changed into 20(S)-Rg₃, 20(R)-Rg₃, Rk₁ and Rg? by heat-processing. Rg₁ was gradually changed into 20(S)- Rh₁, 20(R)-Rh₁, Rk₃ and Rh₄ by heat-processing. However, the generation of these less-polar ginsenosides was not related to the increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of Rb₁-glycine and Rg₁-glycine mixtures because their DPPH radical scavenging activities were already signifi cantly increased when dried at 50℃, which temperature induce no structural changes of ginsenosides. In the comparison of browning compound levels of Rg₁-glycine and Rb1-glycine mixtures, the extents of Maillard reaction were positively correlated with their increased free radical scavenging activities. Based on the chemical and DPPH radical scavenging activity changes of Rg₁-glycine and Rb₁-glycine mixtures by heat-processing, we clearly identifi ed that the increased free radical scavenging activity of ginsenoside is mediated by the Maillard reaction between sugar moiety of ginsenoside and amino acid.

Estriol blunts postprandial blood glucose rise in male rats through regulating intestinal glucose transporters

Yamabe, Noriko,Kang, Ki Sung,Lee, Woojung,Kim, Su-Nam,Zhu, Bao Ting American Physiological Society 2015 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND M Vol.308 No.5

<P>Despite increased total food intake in healthy, late-stage pregnant women, their peak postprandial blood sugar levels are normally much lower than the levels seen in healthy nonpregnant women. In this study, we sought to determine whether estriol (E<SUB>3</SUB>), an endogenous estrogen predominantly produced during human pregnancy, contributes to the regulation of the postprandial blood glucose level in healthy normal rats. In vivo studies using rats showed that E<SUB>3</SUB> blunted the speed and magnitude of the blood glucose rise following oral glucose administration, but it did not appear to affect the total amount of glucose absorbed. E<SUB>3</SUB> also did not affect insulin secretion, but it significantly reduced the rate of intestinal glucose transport compared with vehicle-treated animals. Consistent with this finding, expression of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and 2 was significantly downregulated by E<SUB>3</SUB> treatment in the brush-border membrane and basolateral membrane, respectively, of enterocytes. Most of the observed in vivo effects were noticeably stronger with E<SUB>3</SUB> than with 17β-estradiol. Using differentiated human Caco-2 enterocyte monolayer culture as an in vitro model, we confirmed that E<SUB>3</SUB> at physiologically relevant concentrations could directly inhibit glucose uptake via suppression of glucose transporter 2 expression, whereas 17β-estradiol did not have a similar effect. Collectively, these data showed that E<SUB>3</SUB> can blunt the postprandial glycemic surge in rats through modulating the level of intestinal glucose transporters.</P>

Synthesis of Renoprotective Chalcone Analogues That Protect Against Cisplatin-induced Cytotoxicity in LLC-PK1 Cells

Noriko Yamabe,이다혜,이희수,신명숙,황귀서,강기성,이재욱 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.11

ERRATUM

Noriko Yamabe,이다해,이희수,신명숙,황귀서,강기성,이재욱 대한화학회 2017 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.38 No.3

Matcha, a Powdered Green Tea, Ameliorates the Progression of Renal and Hepatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetic OLETF Rats

Noriko Yamabe,Ki Sung Kang,Jong Moon Hur,Takako Yokozawa 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4

Matcha, a powdered green tea produced by grinding with a stone mill, has been popularly used in the traditional tea ceremony and foods in Japan. Matcha is well known to be richer in some nutritional elements and epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate than other green teas. In our previous study, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate exhibited protective effects against renal damage in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of Matcha (50, 100, or 200mg/kg/day) on the progression of hepatic and renal damage in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats were orally administered Matcha for 16 weeks, and we assessed biochemical parameters in the serum, liver, and kidney and expression levels of major products of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), N-(carboxylmethyl)lysine (CML) and N-(carboxylethyl)lysine (CEL), receptor for AGE (RAGE), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs)-1 and -2. Serum total protein levels were significantly increased by Matcha administration, whereas the serum albumin and glycosylated protein levels as well as the renal glucose and triglyceride levels were only slightly or not at all affected. However, Matcha treatment significantly lowered the glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels in the serum and liver, renal AGE levels, and the serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels. In addition, Matcha supplementation resulted in decreases in the renal CML, CEL, and RAGE expressions as well as an increase in hepatic SREBP-2 expression, but not that of SREBP-1. These results suggest that Matcha protects against hepatic and renal damage through the suppression of renal AGE accumulation, by decreases in hepatic glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, and by its antioxidant activities.

Matcha, a Powdered Green Tea, Ameliorates the Progression of Renal and Hepatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetic OLETF Rats

Yamabe, Noriko,Kang, Ki-Sung,Hur, Jong-Moon,Yokozawa, Takako The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4

Matcha, a powdered green tea produced by grinding with a stone mill, has been popularly used in the traditional tea ceremony and foods in Japan. Matcha is well known to be richer in some nutritional elements and epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate than other green teas. In our previous study, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate exhibited protective effects against renal damage in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of Matcha (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) on the progression of hepatic and renal damage in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats were orally administered Matcha for 16 weeks, and we assessed biochemical parameters in the serum, liver, and kidney and expression levels of major products of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), $N^{\varepsilon}$-(carboxylmethyl)lysine (CML) and $N^{\varepsilon}$-(carboxylethyl)lysine (CEL), receptor for AGE (RAGE), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs)-1 and -2. Serum total protein levels were significantly increased by Matcha administration, whereas the serum albumin and glycosylated protein levels as well as the renal glucose and triglyceride levels were only slightly or not at all affected. However, Matcha treatment significantly lowered the glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels in the serum and liver, renal AGE levels, and the serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels. In addition, Matcha supplementation resulted in decreases in the renal CML, CEL, and RAGE expressions as well as an increase in hepatic SREBP-2 expression, but not that of SREBP-1. These results suggest that Matcha protects against hepatic and renal damage through the suppression of renal AGE accumulation, by decreases in hepatic glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, and by its antioxidant activities.

Identification of Anti-cancer Active Components of Taraxacum coreanum on Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells

Yamabe Noriko,강기성,이아영,이다혜,최지명,이슬임,박준연,황귀서,김현영,조은주,이상현 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.2

Anti-cancer effects were compared amongst Taraxacumcoreanum extract, its fractions, and 7 ingredients (β-sitosterol,daucosterol, taraxasteryl acetate, chrysoeriol, diosmetin, luteolin,and luteoloside). Exposure to the ethyl acetate fraction (50 and100 μg/mL) of T. coreanum extract and luteolin (10 and 50 μM)for 24 h induced the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP), caspase-3, and caspase-8, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that luteolin is the main activecomponent of T. coreanum extract activating caspases-3 and -8which contribute to apoptotic cell death.

Chemical and Free Radical-scavenging Activity Changes of Ginsenoside Re by Maillard Reaction and Its Possible Use as a Renoprotective Agent

Noriko Yamabe,Kyung Il Song,Woojung Lee,Im-Ho Han,Ji Hwan Lee,Jungyeob Ham,Su-Nam Kim,Jeong Hill Park,Ki Sung Kang 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.3

Reactive oxygen species play critical role in kidney damage. Free radical-scavenging activities of Panax ginseng are know to be increased by heat-processing. The structural change of ginsenoside and the generation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are closely related to the increased free radical-scavenging activities. In the present study, we have demonstrated the Maillard reaction model experiment using ginsenoside Re and glycine mixture to identify the renoprotective effect of MRPs from ginseng or ginsenosides. Ginsenoside Re was transformed into less-polar ginsenosides, namely Rg2, Rg6 and F4 by heat-processing. The free radical-scavenging activity of ginsenoside Re-glycine mixture was increased in temperature-dependant manner by heatprocessing, The improved free radical-scavenging activity by heat-processing was mediated by the generation of antioxidant MRPs which led to the protection of LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells from oxidative stress. Although the free radical scavenging activities of less-polor ginsenosides were weak, they could protect LLC-PK1 cells from oxidative stress. Therefore, MRPs and less-polar ginsenosides contributed to the combined renoprotective effects against oxidative renal damage.

A novel therapeutic approach of Hachimi-jio-gan to diabetes and its complications

Yokozawa, Takako,Yamabe, Noriko,Cho, Eun-Ju Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2005 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.5 No.2

Great efforts have been made to improve both the quality of life and life expectancy of diabetes by treating problems associated with chronic complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. In particular, diabetes is an increased risk of developing several types of kidney disease, and the predominant cause of end-stage renal disease in patients with this disorder is diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, prevention of the occurrence and progression of diabetes and its complications has become a very important issue. The scientific observations of an animal model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, spontaneously occurring diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in this study suggest that one of the Kampo prescriptions, Hachimi-jio-gan comprising eight constituents, is a novel therapeutic agent.