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Penni Cushman 한국교육개발원 2007 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.4 No.1
Current concern regarding the lack of male primary school teachers has resulted in initiatives designed to attract men to the teaching profession. However, if marketing and recruitment strategies fail to consider and address the underlying issues that act as barriers to men considering a teaching career, there is little likelihood that the current trend will be halted. This paper identifies the barriers that deter men from primary school teaching, and the extent to which these barriers are addressed by policies and practices designed to attract men to the teaching profession. Strategies utilizing forms of positive gender discrimination and those that rely on alternative solutions are discussed in an attempt to aid policy-makers in developing reforms that are likely to succeed.
Taylor R. Cushman,Waqar Haque,Hari Menon,Chad G. Rusthoven,E. Brian Butler,Bin S. Teh,Vivek Verma 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.6
Objective: Women with cervical cancer (CC) found to have positive surgical margins, positive lymph nodes, and/or parametrial invasion receive a survival benefit from postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. radiation therapy (RT) alone. However, older women may not benefit to the same extent, as they are at increased risk of death from non-oncologic causes as well as toxicities from oncologic treatments. This study sought to evaluate whether there was a survival benefit of CRT over RT in elderly patients with cervical cancer. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients ≥70 years old with newly diagnosed IA2, IB, or IIA CC and positive margins, parametrial invasion, and/or positive nodes on surgical resection. Statistics included logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards modeling analyses. Results: Altogether, 166 patients met inclusion criteria; 62 (37%) underwent postoperative RT and 104 (63%) underwent postoperative CRT. Younger patients and those living in areas of higher income were less likely to receive CRT, while parametrial invasion and nodal involvement were associated with an increased likelihood (p<0.05 for all). There were no OS differences by treatment type. Subgroup analysis by number of risk factors, as well as each of the 3 risk factors separately, also did not reveal any OS differences between cohorts. Conclusion: In the largest such study to date, older women with postoperative risk factor(s) receiving RT alone experienced similar survival as those undergoing CRT. Although causation is not implied, careful patient selection is paramount to balance treatment-related toxicity risks with theoretical outcome benefits.
Diabetes Attenuates Female Genital Sexual Arousal Response via Disruption of Estrogen Action
Abdulmaged M. Traish,Tulay Cushman,Richard Hoyt,Noel N Kim 대한비뇨의학회 2009 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.50 No.3
male sexual function, however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. To date, limited studies have been published on the effects of type 1 & type 2 diabetes on female genital sexual arousal and how this may impact overall sexual function. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of diabetes on female sexual function and insights from laboratory studies on the underlying pathophysiology. Materials and Methods: Using PubMed, we reviewed and evaluated the literature published between 1970 and 2009 and data from our laboratories and others investigating the effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on genital sexual arousal responses. Results: Women with diabetes experience diminished genital arousal, reduced vaginal lubrication, vaginal atrophy, dyspareunia, and increased vaginal infections. Also, a number of studies using type 1 and type 2 diabetic animal models have reported reduced plasma estradiol levels and marked physiological, biochemical and histological changes in genital tissues. In animal studies, diabetes alters genital tissue structure and attenuates expression of the estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors and alters vaginal and clitoral hemodynamics. Importantly, treatment of diabetic animals with estradiol in the face of persistent hyperglycemia can restore vaginal structure and sex steroid receptor expression. Conclusions: Type 1 & type 2 diabetic complications produce significant structural and functional disruptions in genital organs and attenuate genital hemodynamics. In the type 2 animal model, estradiol treatment ameliorates diabetic-induced pathophysiological alterations in genital tissues, such as the vagina. This suggests that estrogen supplementation may be beneficial in restoring diabetes-induced genital pathology. male sexual function, however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. To date, limited studies have been published on the effects of type 1 & type 2 diabetes on female genital sexual arousal and how this may impact overall sexual function. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of diabetes on female sexual function and insights from laboratory studies on the underlying pathophysiology. Materials and Methods: Using PubMed, we reviewed and evaluated the literature published between 1970 and 2009 and data from our laboratories and others investigating the effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on genital sexual arousal responses. Results: Women with diabetes experience diminished genital arousal, reduced vaginal lubrication, vaginal atrophy, dyspareunia, and increased vaginal infections. Also, a number of studies using type 1 and type 2 diabetic animal models have reported reduced plasma estradiol levels and marked physiological, biochemical and histological changes in genital tissues. In animal studies, diabetes alters genital tissue structure and attenuates expression of the estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors and alters vaginal and clitoral hemodynamics. Importantly, treatment of diabetic animals with estradiol in the face of persistent hyperglycemia can restore vaginal structure and sex steroid receptor expression. Conclusions: Type 1 & type 2 diabetic complications produce significant structural and functional disruptions in genital organs and attenuate genital hemodynamics. In the type 2 animal model, estradiol treatment ameliorates diabetic-induced pathophysiological alterations in genital tissues, such as the vagina. This suggests that estrogen supplementation may be beneficial in restoring diabetes-induced genital pathology.
Synthesis of a Phosphotyrosine-ontaining Peptide Fragment of the Regulatory Domain of pp60c-src
Lee, Eung-Seok,Mark, Cushman 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1994 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.4 No.-
t-Boc-Tyr(PO₃Me₂)-OH (4) was ulitized in the synthesis of PheThrSerThrGluProGlnTyr(PO₃H₂)-GlnProGlyGluAsnLeu (1), a phosphotyrosine-containing peptide fragment of the regulatory domain of pp60^(c-src). The protected amino acid 4 was employed during the synthesis of PheThrSer-ThrGluProGlnTyr(PO₃Me₂)GlnProGlyGluAsnLeu (5), during which problems involving incomplete incorporation of the Tyr(PO₃Me₂) residue, as well as partial demethylation of the dimethylphosphono group and dephosphorylation during peptide synthesis, were encountered. In addition, an acid-catalyzed backbone rearrangement was encountered involving migration of the phenylalanine acyl group from the nitrogen to the hydroxyl group of the adjacent threonine residue during the deprotection of the phosphate group of 5 with a mixture of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, dimethyl sulfide, and m-cresol (10:50:30:10).