An Analytical Model with Bi-Energetic Trap Level

Stephen Hsin-Li Chen,Canny Chuang,Kun Yu Lin,Matt Shih 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.I

A bi-energetic trap level is proposed to establish an analytical model for the activation-energy of turn-on a-Si:H TFT (Thin-Film Transistor). The trap level below the midgap governs the characteristics of activation-energy in the low-VGS region and that above the midgap governs that in the high-VGS region. Good agreement is obtained between measurement and simulation results, and this model can be used as an efficient tool to extract the trap states density of a-Si:H TFT.

Spine Fractures of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis: Fracture Severity and Injury-Related Mortality at a Level I Trauma Center

Chen Stephen Ryan,Munsch Maria Amelia,Chen Joseph,Couch Brandon Keith,Wawrose Richard Alan,Oyekan Anthony Abimbade,Adjei Joshua,Donaldson William F.,Lee Joon Yung,Shaw Jeremy DeWitt 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.3

Study Design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected cohort.Purpose: To identify differences in treatment and mortality of spine fractures in patients with ankylosing conditions of the spine. Overview of Literature: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) are the two most common etiologies of ankylosing spinal disorder (ASD). However, studies on the treatment and outcomes of spine fractures in AS and DISH patients remain few.Methods: Patients presenting with a spine fracture were diagnosed with AS or DISH at a single tertiary care center between 2010 and 2019. We excluded those who lacked cross-sectional imaging or fractures occurring at spinal segments affected by ankylosis, as well as polytraumatized patients. Patient demographics, injury mechanism, fracture level, neurologic status, treatment, and 1-year mortality were recorded. Computed tomography imaging was reviewed by two independent readers and graded according to the indicated AO Spine Injury Classification System. Differences in fracture severity, treatment method, and mortality were examined using Student t -tests, chi-square tests, and two-proportion Z-tests with significance set to p <0.05.Results: We identified 167 patients with spine fracture diagnosed with AS or DISH. Patients with AS had more severe fractures and more commonly had surgery than patients with DISH (p <0.001). Despite these differences, 1-year mortality did not significantly differ between AS and DISH patients (p =0.14).Conclusions: Although patients with AS suffered more severe fractures compared to DISH and more frequently underwent surgery for these injuries, outcomes and 1-year mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups. For patients with ASDs and fractures, outcomes appear similar regardless of treatment modality. Consequently, there may be an opportunity for critical reappraisal of operative indications in ASD and a larger role for nonoperative management in these challenging patients.

ANALYZING ISUAL SPECTROPHOTOMETER DATA USING A TWO-COLOR DIAGRAM METHOD

CHEN ALFRED BING-CHIH,CHIANG PO-SHIH,HUANG TIAN-HSIANG,KUO CHENG-LING,WANG SHI-CHUN,SU HAN-TZONG,HSU RUE-RoN,CHANG MING-HUI,CHANG YEOU-SHIN,LIU TIE-YUE,MENDE STEPHEN B.,FREY HARALD U.,FUKUNISHI HIROSH The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2

Transient luminous events (TLEs; sprites, elves, jets and etc.) are lightning-related optical flashes occurring above thunderstorms. Since the first discovery of sprites in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the morphological, spectroscopic and electromagnetic characteristics of TLEs through ground and spacecraft campaigns. However, most of the TLE studies were based on events recorded over US High Plains. To elucidate the possible biasing effects, space-borne observations are needed and have their merits. Imager of sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite is the first instrument to carry out a true global measurement of TLEs from a low- earth orbit. In this short paper, we apply a common astronomical data analysis technique, two-color diagram, on the ISUAL spectrophotometer (SP) data. By choosing appropriated bandpasses and converting the measured flux of TLEs into the unit of magnitude, two-color diagrams of TLEs can be constructed. We demonstrate that two-color diagrams, which were constructed from the narrow-band spectrophotometer data, can be used to classify different types of TLEs and trace their temporal evolution. The amount of reddening due to Earth's atmosphere can also be estimated from two-color diagrams assembled from the broad-band spectrophotometer data.

A Unit of Information–Based Content Adaptation Method for Improving Web Content Accessibility in the Mobile Internet

Stephen J.H. Yang,Jia Zhang,Rick C.S. Chen,Norman W.Y. Shao 한국전자통신연구원 2007 ETRI Journal Vol.29 No.6

In the mobile Internet, users generally work with handheld devices with limited computing power and small screens. Their access conditions also change frequently. In this paper, we present a novel method supporting intelligent content adaptation to better suit handheld devices. The underpinning is a unit of information (UOI)– based content adaptation method, which automatically detects semantic relationships among the components of Web contents and then reorganizes page layout to fit handheld devices based on identified UOIs. Experimental results demonstrate that our method enables more sensitive content adaptation.

Cross-cultural Issues on Organizational Dissent and Humor Orientation

Stephen Croucher,Stephanie Kelly,Hui Chen 한국경영커뮤니케이션학회 2018 Business Communication Research and Practice Vol.1 No.2

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A Quality Management Framework for Seaports in their Supply Chains in the 21st Century

Hai TRAN,Stephen CAHOON,SHU-LING CHEN 한국해운물류학회 2011 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.27 No.3

For seaports to be competitive and sustainable in the long-term in a turbulent and hyper-competitive market, a re-examination of success factors, organizational structures, and management practices is required. As seaports have continued to evolve and become further integrated and embedded in their supply chains, the issue of ensuring quality management practices becomes of greater interest. This paper argues that the seaport should implement relevant and appropriate internal and external quality management practices. The former emphasizes more internal-focused quality management practices relating directly to the seaport, while external quality management practices aim to facilitate the efficiency of supply chains in which the seaport is embedded as well as harmonizing the relationships with stakeholders. This paper takes a conceptual approach to these issues by comprehensively reviewing the extant literature and proposes a quality management framework for empirical validation containing eight internal and four external quality management practices for seaports in the twenty-first century.

The Role and Value of Collaboration in the Logistics Industry: An Empirical Study in Australia

Hilary PATEMAN,Stephen CAHOON,Shu-Ling CHEN 한국해운물류학회 2016 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.32 No.1

This paper explores the role and value of collaboration through telephone interviews with 32 senior managers in the Australian logistics industry. Key findings from this elite sample include collaboration being a significant strategy which has been successfully utilised to grow business over the past three years by the majority of the sample. Their strong commitment to collaboration as a strategy demonstrates its perceived value to their organisations. The interviewees anticipate that the number of collaborations will continue to grow in the industry over the next decade, indicating that managing collaboration’s key enablers, such as business facilitation skills, is important to ongoing success. Reinforcing collaboration enablers may benefit organisations collaborating in Australian and Asian logistics systems.

Effects of inulin diet supplementation on production performance, gut traits, and incidence of ascites in Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions

Ding Baoan,Chen Lingyun,Lin Hao,Wang Xiezhong,Zhang Licheng,Ni Xiaoming,Pirone Andrea,Madigosky Stephen R.,Fronte Baldassare 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.3

Objective: Effects of inulin supplementation in diet of Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions on production performance, intestinal morphologic change, microflora contents and the incidence of ascites were studied. Methods: Commercial male chicks (360) were randomly divided into 6 groups and were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg of inulin, respectively. Results: The body weight gain and feed intake were improved in chicks fed the diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg of inulin, from d 1 to d 42 (p<0.05); moreover, blood parameters were positively affected when inulin was included in the diets and the thickness of the intestinal wall and muscle tissue in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tended to increase (p<0.05), and the villi height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). Regarding the number of goblet cells in duodenum, jejunum and ileum tended to increase when chicks were fed the diets supplemented with 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg (p<0.05) of inulin. When chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0.75 or 0.1 g/kg of inulin, a significant reduction of Escherichia coli counts in the cecum was observed; for a contrary, a significant increment of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was observed in cecum and ileum. Finally, supplementing the feed with inulin determined an overall reduction of ascites incidences in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Thus, the results observed in the present study clearly suggest that the diet supplementation with a quantity of inulin ranging between 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg, can improve growth performances, intestinal morphology, internal microbial balance and ascites incidence, in broiler chicks raised at high altitude area. Even though these findings may be of interest for the poultry industry, they may particularly be relevant in those areas characterized by high altitude such as Northwest China regions. Objective: Effects of inulin supplementation in diet of Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions on production performance, intestinal morphologic change, microflora contents and the incidence of ascites were studied.Methods: Commercial male chicks (360) were randomly divided into 6 groups and were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg of inulin, respectively.Results: The body weight gain and feed intake were improved in chicks fed the diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg of inulin, from d 1 to d 42 (p<0.05); moreover, blood parameters were positively affected when inulin was included in the diets and the thickness of the intestinal wall and muscle tissue in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tended to increase (p<0.05), and the villi height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). Regarding the number of goblet cells in duodenum, jejunum and ileum tended to increase when chicks were fed the diets supplemented with 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg (p<0.05) of inulin. When chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0.75 or 0.1 g/kg of inulin, a significant reduction of <i>Escherichia coli</i> counts in the cecum was observed; for a contrary, a significant increment of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> was observed in cecum and ileum. Finally, supplementing the feed with inulin determined an overall reduction of ascites incidences in comparison to the control group.Conclusion: Thus, the results observed in the present study clearly suggest that the diet supplementation with a quantity of inulin ranging between 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg, can improve growth performances, intestinal morphology, internal microbial balance and ascites incidence, in broiler chicks raised at high altitude area. Even though these findings may be of interest for the poultry industry, they may particularly be relevant in those areas characterized by high altitude such as Northwest China regions.

Simple-to-Apply Wetting Model to Predict Thermodynamically Stable and Metastable Contact Angles on Textured/Rough/Patterned Surfaces

Kaufman, Yair,Chen, Szu-Ying,Mishra, Himanshu,Schrader, Alex M.,Lee, Dong Woog,Das, Saurabh,Donaldson Jr., Stephen H.,Israelachvili, Jacob N. American Chemical Society 2017 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.121 No.10

<P>Rough/patterned/textured surfaces with nano/microcavities that broaden below the surface known as 're-entrants'-can be omniphobic (macroscopic contact angle greater than 90 for both water and oils). The existing theoretical models that explain the effects of texture on wetting are complex and do not provide a simple procedure for predicting the thermodynamically stable and metastable states and their corresponding contact angles (for example, wetting states that involve partially filled cavities). Here, we develop a simple-to-apply wetting model that allows for (1) predicting a priori the wetting state (partially or fully filled) of the cavities both under and outside the liquid droplet and the corresponding macroscopic contact angles on any type of textured surface; (2) determining the conditions under which metastable states exist; and (3) engineering specific nano/microtextures that yield any desired macroscopic contact angle, theta(v) for a given intrinsic contact angle theta(0). Subsequently, we experimentally demonstrate how one can use the model to predict the metastable and the thermodynamically stable contact angles on nondeformable textured surfaces consisting of arrays of axisymmetric cavities/protrusions. In this model, we do not consider the effects of gravitational forces, Laplace pressure of the droplet, line tension, droplet impact velocity, and quantitative aspects of contact angle hysteresis. Nonetheless, the model is suitable for accurately predicting the contact angles of macroscopic droplets (droplet volume similar to 1 mu L and base diameters <2 mm), which is of immense relevance in engineering. In the experimental section we also discuss the suitability of the model to be extended in order to include the effects of contact angle hysteresis on the macroscopic apparent contact angle on textured surfaces. Controlling these macroscopic contact angles, whether higher or lower than the intrinsic angle, theta(0), is desirable for many applications including nonwetting, self-cleaning, and antifouling surfaces and for completely wetting/spreading applications, such as creams, cosmetics, and lubricant fluids.</P>

Malaysian Container Seaport-Hinterland Connectivity: Status, Challenges and Strategies

Shu-Ling CHEN,Jagan JEEVAN,Stephen CAHOON 한국해운물류학회 2016 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.32 No.3

This paper adopts a qualitative methodology to assess the Malaysian container seaport-hinterland connectivity from the perspective of its physical properties. The findings reveal that although Malaysia’s major container seaports are connected to the hinterlands through road and rail transport, they are highly dependent on road. These seaports are also connected to inland freight facilities such as dry ports and ICDs, which are positioned as transit points to help connect exporters and importers in the hinterlands to seaports as well as facilitating regional and cross-border trades. This paper suggests that the quality of hinterland connectivity of Malaysian container seaports could be improved by implementing strategies which tackle the existing challenges including overcoming an extremely imbalanced modal split, insufficient rail capacity and limited train services, increasing road congestion and the limitations of space restriction in some inland facilities.