가시오가피의 부위별 물 추출물이 흰쥐의 혈관이완반응에 미치는 영향

姜奉錫,金亨煥,安德均,崔湖榮 대한본초학회 2001 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

In this study we have examined the actions of water extract of Eleutherococus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. (ESH), Stem, Root bark (RB) and Root xylem (RX) in isolated thoracic and abdominal aorta assay. To compare the vasodilation effect, put. ESH, Stem, RB and RX into them which vessels were precontracted by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). We found out the thoracic aorta segments were responded to ESH with a dose-dependent vasodilation. The 5-HT induced contraction at 10-4M were relaxed after addition of the 2.0 ㎎/㎖ ESH as 32.1% (Stem), 34.9% (RX) and 87.2% (RB). The 5-HT induced vasocontraction at 10^-4M were vasodilated such as 87.2% in thoracic aorta and 89.0% in abdominal aorta with 2.0㎎/㎖ ESH. Addition of 2.0㎎/㎖ ESH in thoracic aorta which was precontracted by the 5-HT at 10-4M were come out differently 0% (water fraction), 53.8% (butanol fraction) and 96.6% (ethyl acetate fraction). The 5-HT induced contraction at 10-4M with and without endothelium were inhibited by 87.2% and 87.8% after addition of the ESH (2.0 ㎎/㎖). In conclusion, ESH-induced relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta were come out be dose-dependent relaxation, and ESH's ethyl acetate fraction was showed the potent vasodilation effect.

허혈양상화, Adenosine 및 Pinacidil이 허혈 및 재관류후 흰쥐넙다리곧은근에서 Superoxide dismutase발현에 미치는 영향

백두진,유영미,황규성,안동춘,정호삼,강봉균 대한체질인류학회 2000 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.13 No.1

본 실험은 흰쥐에서 나타나는 허혈양상화의 효과와 그 발생기전을 규명하고자 하였다. 실험동물로는 300-350g 내외의 숫흰쥐를 사용하였으며 온엉덩동맥을 2시간 결찰한 후, 3시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간 및 72시간 재관류시켰으며, 온엉덩동맥을 5분간 결찰하고 5분간 재관류시키는 과정을 3회 반복하여 허혈양상화시키거나 시술적전 adenosine 혹은 pinacidil을 투여하고 같은 방법으로 허혈 및 재관류시켰다. 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine 혹은 glibenclmide 투여하고 허혈양상화시킨 다음 허혈 및 재관류시키고 넙다리곧은근을 적출하여 파라핀절편을 제작하고 in situ hybridization 조직화학법으로 Cu, Zn 및 Mn-SOD mRNA의 발현을 비교관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 모든 실험군 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn 및 Mn-SOD mRNA는 단면적이 작은 근육섬유에서만 발현되었다. 2. 정상대조군 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn- 및 Mn -SOD mRNA는 약하게 발현되였다. 3. 허혈 및 재관류군에서는 재관류 시간경과에 따라 넙다리곧은근에서 CU, Zn-SOD mRNA는 중등도로 발현되었고, Mn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 3시간 및 6시간 경과시 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었으며 재관류 12시간 경과시 약하게 혹은 미약하게 발현되었고, 24시간 경과시에는 중등도로 발현되었으며 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었다. 4. 허혈양상화 처치로 넙다리곧은근에서는 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA의 발현이 증가하여 12시간 경과시 중등도로 발현되었고 24시간 경과시 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었으며 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었다. Mn-SOD mRNA 는 처치후 12시간 경과시 중등도로 발현되였고 24시간 경과시 중등도 혹은 강하게 발현되었으며 72시간 경과시 약하게 발현되었다. 5. 허혈양상화 허혈 및 재관류군에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 6시간까지 중등도로 발현되었으며 재관류 12시간 및 24시간 경과시에는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되였고 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되였다. Mn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 12시간까지 중등도로 발현되었고 24시간 경과시 중등도 혹은 강하게 발현되었으며 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었다. 6. Adenosine 투여후 허혈 및 재관류시에는 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 12시간 경과시까지 중등도로 발현되었고 재관류 24시간 경과시에는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되였으며 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었다. 7. Pinacidil 투여후 허혈 및 재관류시에는 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 6시간까지 중등도로 발현되었고 재관류 12시간 경과시에는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었으며 재관류 24시간 및 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었다. 8. 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine 투여후 허혈양상화 허혈 및 재관류시 넙다리곧은곤에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 3시간까지 중등도로 발현되였고 재관류 6시간 및 12시간에는 약하게 흑은 중등도로 발현되었으며 재관류 24시간 및 72시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되였다. Mn-SOD mRNA를 재관류 3시간까지 약하게 발현되었고 재관류 12시간까지 중등도 혹은 약하게 발현되였으며, 재관류 24시간 경과시에는 약하게 발현되었고 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 중등도로 발현되었다. 9. Glibenclamide 투여후 허혈양상화 허혈 및 재관류시에는 넙다리곧은근에서 Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 24시간까지 중등도로 발현되었고, 재관류 72시간 경과시까지는 약하게 혹은 중등도로 발현되었다. Mn-SOD mRNA는 재관류 기간을 통하여 중등도로 발현되었다. 이상의 소견을 종합하면 허혈 및 재관류시 Cu, Zn- 및 SOD mRNA의 발현은 증가하였고 허혈양상화로 특히 Mn-SOD mRNA의 발현이 증가하였으며, 허혈양상화의 효과는 adenosine A_(1) 수용체와 K_(ATP) 통로의 자극과 밀접한 연관이 있는 것으로 결론 지을 수 있다. A brief episode of ischemia and reperfusion termed 'ischemic preconditioning' has been established as rendering muscle tolerance to damage during a subsequent prolonged ischemia. The effects of ischemic preconditioning in the cardiac muscle are related to the stimulation of adenosine A, receptor and the opening of KATP channel. The effect and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in the skeletal muscle are not known clearly. The superoxide radical injures the skeletal muscle during the ischemia and reperfusion. There are two types of SOD, which metabolizes the superoxide radicals to H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2), in the cell. One of them is Cu, Zn-SOD in the cytoplasm and the other is Mn-SOD in the mitochondria. The activities of SOD are increased against the formation of superoxide radical during the reperfusion. The author performed the present study to investigate the effect and the mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning by measuring the expression of SOD mRNA on timely reperfused ischemic muscles. The healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 300g to 350g were used as experimental animals. Under pentobarbital(50 mg/kg) anesthesia, lower abdominal incision was done and left common iliac artery was occluded by vascular clamp for 2 hours. Rectus femoris muscles were obtained respectively at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours after reperfusion. The ischemic preconditioning group underwent three episodes of 5minute occlusion and 5minute reperfusion of common iliac artery followed by 2hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion. Adenosine (50 ㎍/kg) or pinacidil(1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously before ischemia. 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine(15 mg/kg) or glibenclamide(0.5 mg/g) was administered intravenously before ischemic preconditioning. Paraffin sections with 4 ㎛ thickness in all groups were obtained. The expression of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD mRNA was observed by use of in situ hybridization. The results obtained were as follows. I. The expression of SOD mRNA was seen only in small muscle fibers of the rectus femoris muscle of the rat. 2. Weak expressions of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD mRNA were observed in the normal control rat. 3. After 2 hours of ischemia, moderate expression of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA was observed until 72 hours of reperfusion. Weak or moderate expression of Mn-SOD mRNA at 3 hours and 6 hours of reperfusion, weak or trace expression at 12 hours of reperfusion, moderate expression at 24hours of reperfusion and weak or moderate expression at 72hours of reperfusion were observed. 4. After ischemic preconditioning, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of reperfusion. Moderate expressions of Mn -SOD mRNA were seen in the group of 0, 3, 6 and 12hours of reperfusion and strong expression was seen in the group of 24hours of reperfusion after ischemic preconditioning. 5. After 2 hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditoining, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours of reperfusion. Moderate expressions of Mn-SOD mRNA were observed in the groups of 0, 3, 6, and 12 hours of reperfusion and moderate or strong expression was seen in the group of 24 hours of reperfusion. 6. After 2 hours of ischemia with the pretreatment of adenosine, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRN A were seen in the group of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24hours of reperfusion. Moderate expression of Mn-SOD mRNA in the groups and 3 hours of reperfusion, strong expression in the group of 6 and 12 hours of reperfusion and moderate expression in the group of 24hours of reperfusion were seen. 7. After 2 hours of ischemia with the pretreatment of pinacidil, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 0, 3, 6 and 12 hours of reperfusion and those of Mn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours ofreperfusion. 8. After 2hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditioning and the pretreatment of 8 -cyclopentyl- l,3dipropylxanthine, moderate expression of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were observed in the groups of 0, 3, 6. and 12hours of reperfusion and those of Mn-SOD were seen in the groups of 6, 12 and 72hours of reperfusion. 9. After 2hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditioning and the pretreatment of glibenclamide, moderate expressions of CU, Zn-and Mn-SOD mRNA were seen in all groups of reperfusion. Consequently, these results suggest that the expression of Cu, Zn and Mn-SOD mRNA increases during 2hours ischemia and reperfusion with or without ischemic preconditioning. The effects of ischemic preconditioning are closely related to the stimulation of adenosine A₁receptor and K.ATP channel.

Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed β-Ga₂O₃ Nanospheres via Morphology Controlled Ga₄(OH)₁₀SO₄ Precursors

Kang, Bong Kyun,Lim, Hyeong Dae,Mang, Sung Ryul,Song, Keun Man,Jung, Mong Kwon,Kim, Sang-Woo,Yoon, Dae Ho American Chemical Society 2015 Langmuir Vol.31 No.2

<P>To our best knowledge, monodispersed beta-Ga2O3 nanospheres were successfully synthesized for first time via morphology-controlled gallium precursors using the forced hydrolysis method, followed by thermal calcination processes. The morphology and particle sizes of the gallium precursors were strongly dependent on the varying (R = SO42-/NO3-) concentration ratios. As R decreased, the size of the prepared gallium precursors decreased and morphology was altered from sphere to rod. The synthesized S2 (R = 0.33) consists of uniform and monodispersed amorphous nanospheres with diameters of about 200 nm. The monodispersed beta-(GaO3)-O-2 nanospheres were synthesized using thermal calcination processes at various temperatures ranging from 500 to 1000 degrees C. Monodispersed beta-(GaO3)-O-2 nanospheres (200 nm) consist of small particles of approximately 10-20 nm with rough surface at 1000 degrees C for 1 h. The UV (375 nm) and broad blue (400-450 nm) emission indicate recombination via a self-trapped exciton and the defect band emission. Our approach described here is to show the exploration of beta-Ga2O3 nanospheres as an automatic dispersion, three-dimensional support for fabrication of hierarchical materials, which is potentially important for a broad range of optoelectronic applications.</P>

Synthesis and characterization of a mesoporous and three dimensional N-doped graphene structure via the Couette-Taylor flow and hydrothermal method

Kang, Bong Kyun,Song, Young Hyun,Park, Won Kyu,Kwag, Sung Hoon,Lim, Byeong Seok,Kwon, Seok Bin,Yang, Woo Seok,Yoon, Dae Ho Elsevier 2017 Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol.37 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, graphite oxide was successfully synthesized from bulk graphite flakes using a Couette-Taylor flow reactor. A high yield (∼93%) of single-layer and few-layer graphene oxide sheets was achieved in this study within a reaction time of one hour by optimizing the conditions. The graphite oxide was effectively exfoliated using the Taylor vortex flow with shearing stress. The degree of oxidation and the graphite oxide morphology were then studied. In addition, mesoporous and three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene structures were prepared via graphene oxide sheets and facile solution phase synthesis followed by thermal treatment. The nitrogen in the pyrrolidone ring of PVP was decomposed and incorporated into the carbon network, including pyridinic-N and graphitic-N. Furthermore, the mesoporous and three-dimensional Ni<SUB>1.5</SUB>Co<SUB>1.5</SUB>[Co(CN)<SUB>6</SUB>]<SUB>2</SUB> Prussian blue analogue (PBA) and NiCo sulfides/N-doped graphene hybrid composite structures were successfully demonstrated via facile hydrothermal method.</P>

Mesoporous Ni-Fe oxide multi-composite hollow nanocages for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation reactions

Kang, Bong Kyun,Woo, Moo Hyun,Lee, Jooyoung,Song, Young Hyun,Wang, Zhongli,Guo, Yanna,Yamauchi, Yusuke,Kim, Jung Ho,Lim, Byungkwon,Yoon, Dae Ho The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.9

<P>Mesoporous NiO/NiFe2O4multi-composite hollow nanocages<I>via</I>monodisperse Ni3[Fe(CN)6]2prussian blue analogue nanocube precursors were successfully synthesized. The three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous and hollow structures provided an efficient electrolyte diffusion path and a high surface area, resulting in the enhancement of electrocatalytic activities for the oxygen evolution reaction. The overpotential and Tafel slope of mesoporous NiO/NiFe2O4multi-composite hollow nanocages were as low as 303 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>and 58.5 mV dec<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. In addition, the composite showed excellent durability at approximately 60 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>for 12 h.</P>

A Case of Fasciola hepatica Infection Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma and ITS-1 Sequencing of the Worm

Bong Kyun Kang,Bong-Kwang Jung,Yoon Suk Lee,In Kyeom Hwang,Hyemi Lim,Jaeeun Cho,Jin-Hyeok Hwang,Jong-Yil Chai 대한기생충학열대의학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.52 No.2

Fabrication and characterization of antimicrobial surface-modified stainless steel for bio-application

Wang, Kang-Kyun,Kim, Bong-Jin,Il-Heo, Bong-Jin,Jung, Seong-Jin,Hwang, Jeong-Wook,Kim, Yong-Rok Elsevier 2017 Surface & Coatings Technology Vol.310 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report a photofunctional stainless steel (PSS) that has antimicrobial property which is provided by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from the photosensitizer (PS). For the fabrication of the photofunctional stainless steel, the photosensitizer of hematoporphyrin (HP) was covalently bonded to the surface of 316L stainless steel (316LSS) through an esterification reaction. The PSS plate was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflectance UV–Vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. ROS generation from the PSS plate was studied by using the decomposition reaction of 1,3-diphenyl-isobenzofuran (DPBF). The results suggest that the immobilized photosensitizer molecules on the surface of the PSS plate still possess their intrinsic optical and functional properties including the ROS generation. The antimicrobial property of the PSS plate was successfully demonstrated with the decomposition of biofilm and the suppression of the biofilm formation on the surface of the PSS plate.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Photofunctional stainless steel (PSS) was fabricated and characterized. </LI> <LI> Biofilm was decomposed by the reactive oxygen species generated from PSS. </LI> <LI> The biofilm formation on the surface of PSS was inhibited with light irradiation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Helicase Domain Encoded by Cucumber mosaic virus RNA1 Determines Systemic Infection of Cmr1 in Pepper

Won-Hee Kang,Jang-Kyun Seo,Bong Nam Chung,Kook-Hyung Kim,Byoung-Cheorl Kang 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

The Cmr1 gene in peppers confers resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus isolate-P0 (CMV-P0). Cmr1 restricts the systemic spread of CMV-Fny, whereas this gene cannot block the spread of CMV-P1 to the upper leaves, resulting in systemic infection. To identify the virulence determinant of CMV-P1, six reassortant viruses and six chimeric viruses derived from CMV-Fny and CMV-P1 cDNA clones were used. Our results demonstrate that the helicase domain encoded by CMV-P1 RNA1 determines susceptibility to systemic infection. To identify the key amino acids determining systemic infection with CMV-P1, we then constructed amino acid substitution mutants. Of the mutants tested, amino acid residues at positions 865, 896, 957, and 980 in the 1a protein sequence of CMV-P1 affected the systemic infection. Virus localization studies with CMV-GFP clones and in situ localization of virus RNA revealed that these four amino acid residues together form the movement determinant for CMV-P1 movement from the epidermal cell layer to mesophyll cell layers. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CMV-P1 and a chimeric virus with four amino acid residues of CMV-P1 accumulated more genomic RNA in inoculated leaves than did CMV-Fny, indicating that those four amino acids are also involved in virus replication. These results demonstrate that the helicase domain is responsible for systemic infection by controlling virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. Whereas four amino acids are responsible for acquiring virulence in CMV-Fny, six amino acid (positions at 865, 896, 901, 957, 980 and 993) substitutions in CMV-P1 were required for complete loss of virulence in ‘Bukang’.

신국제경제질서하에서의 세계화전략 구상

강봉균 한국노동경제학회 1995 勞動經濟論集 Vol.18 No.1

P-5 : Evaluation of Vitek2 and BD Phoenix in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Compared with Agar Dilution Method

( Kang Kyun Park ),( Jeong Jun Park ),( Sang Bong Han ),( Dong Wook Jekar ),( Yeon Joon Park ) 대한임상병리사협회 2009 임상미생물검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.2009 No.-

Background: The accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Acinetobacter baumannii (ABA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) with VITEK2 and BD Phoenix automated systems were evaluated with one hundred of non-duplicated isolates. Methods: MICs of amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime and aztreonam (PAE only) were determined by agar dilution method according to the CLSI guidelines. In this study, we compared the accuracy of two automated systems with the acceptability criteria of less than 3%, and 10% for major error (ME) and minor error (mE), respectively, but the acceptability of very major error (VME)s (less than 3%) were determined only when there were more than 35 resistant isolates. Results: Of the ABA, more than 35 isolates showed resistance to amikacin, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime and ceftazidime. Of them, the antibiotics for which the VMEs were over 3% were amikacin (12%), piperacillin/tazobactam (4%) and cefepime (4%) by Vitek2 and none by BD Phoenix. The ME rates were ≤3% for all antibiotics tested by both systems. However, the mE rates were ≥10% for most of the antibiotics except imipenem and meropenem by Vitek2 and amikacin, imipenem, meropenem and ceftazidime by BD Phoenix. As for the PAE, only for aztreonam, more than 35 isolates showed resistance. The VME rates of both systems were ≤3%. The ME rates of Vitek2 were ≤3% for all the antibiotics tested, and that of BD phoenix were >3% for piperacillin and piperacillin/tazobactam. mE rates were ≥10% for imipenem, ceftazidime and aztreonam with Vitek2 and cefepime and aztreonam with BD Phoenix. Discussion: Although the number of isolates tested was not large, the antimicrobial susceptibility test results of automated systems were not accurate enough for a few drugs for which alternative testing are not recommended according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Further studies with a larger number of isolates with various mechanisms of resistance are needed.