A Theory of Economic Sanctions

Baran Han 대외경제정책연구원(KIEP) 2012 Working Papers Vol.2012 No.1

This paper presents a work-horse model to analyze the mechanism of triadic sanctions, where the receiver of the sanction is not the actual target. With a motivating example of the US sanctions against Iran and a simple game theoretic framework, we show that the threat of such sanction is not credible in situations where the game ends after single stage, or when the entities are not concerned with future transactions amongst each other. In a repeated game setting, on the other hand, the threats become credible, but the level of enforcement would differ across firms/countries depending on the economic interdependency and how the parties perceive the probability that the games would continue to the next period.

Bilateral Brachial Artery Aneurysms with Distal Embolisms in a Patient with Prolonged Crutch Compression

Baran Simsek,Orkut Guclu,Serhat Huseyın,Volkan Yuksel 대한혈관외과학회 2021 Vascular Specialist International Vol.37 No.4

Chronic axillary crutch use may lead to axillary or brachial artery aneurysms and associated axillobrachial thromboembolic complications. Most of these aneurysms remain asymptomatic and undiagnosed until a complication occurs. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management of the aneurysms is required for a favorable outcome. We report a case of bilateral brachial artery aneurysms with left radial and ulnar artery embolisms in a patient who had been using crutches for 33 years due to a congenital skeletal anomaly.

Dynamic stiffness formulations for harmonic response of infilled frames

Baran Bozyigit,Yusuf Yesilce 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.68 No.2

In this paper, harmonic responses of infilled multi-storey frames are obtained by using a single variable shear deformation theory (SVSDT) and dynamic stiffness formulations. Two different planar frame models are used which are fully infilled and soft storey. The infill walls are modeled by using equivalent diagonal strut approach. Firstly, free vibration analyses of bare frame and infilled frames are performed. The calculated natural frequencies are tabulated with finite element solution results. Then, harmonic response curves (HRCs) of frame models are plotted for different infill wall thickness values. All of the results are presented comparatively with Timoshenko beam theory results to reveal the effectiveness of SVSDT which considers the parabolic shear stress distribution along the frame member cross-sections.

Ruptured Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm 10 Years after Cervical Spine Surgery

Baran Şimşek,Volkan Yüksel,Serhat Hüseyin,Orkut Güçlü,Suat Canbaz 대한혈관외과학회 2019 Vascular Specialist International Vol.35 No.2

An iatrogenic internal carotid artery (ICA) pseudoaneurysm is an extremely rare complication of cervical spine surgery. Here we report an extraordinary case of massive hematemesis due to a ruptured ICA pseudoaneurysm caused by the laminoplasty plate 10 years after cervical spine surgery. Computed tomography angiography revealed a ruptured 4×10-mm left extracranial ICA pseudoaneurysm probably connected to the pharynx. Emergent surgery was performed because of the uncontrolled massive bleeding. After complete resection of the injured segment, an interposition graft with a 6-mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft was placed and the fistula tract to the pharynx was repaired.

The Ubiquitin E3/E4 Ligase UBE4A Adjusts Protein Ubiquitylation and Accumulation at Sites of DNA Damage, Facilitating Double-Strand Break Repair

Baranes-Bachar, Keren,Levy-Barda, Adva,Oehler, Judith,Reid, Dylan A.,Soria-Bretones, Isabel,Voss, Ty C.,Chung, Dudley,Park, Yoon,Liu, Chao,Yoon, Jong-Bok,Li, Wei,Dellaire, Graham,Misteli, Tom,Huertas, Elsevier 2018 Molecular cell Vol.69 No.5

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical DNA lesions that robustly activate the elaborate DNA damage response (DDR) network. We identified a critical player in DDR fine-tuning: the E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase UBE4A. UBE4A’s recruitment to sites of DNA damage is dependent on primary E3 ligases in the DDR and promotes enhancement and sustainment of K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains at these sites. This step is required for timely recruitment of the RAP80 and BRCA1 proteins and proper organization of RAP80- and BRCA1-associated protein complexes at DSB sites. This pathway is essential for optimal end resection at DSBs, and its abrogation leads to upregulation of the highly mutagenic alternative end-joining repair at the expense of error-free homologous recombination repair. Our data uncover a critical regulatory level in the DSB response and underscore the importance of fine-tuning the complex DDR network for accurate and balanced execution of DSB repair.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase UBE4A is a new player in the DNA damage response </LI> <LI> UBE4A is required for optimal repair of DNA double-strand breaks </LI> <LI> After initial action of E3 ubiquitin ligases, UBE4A modulates ubiquitylation extent </LI> <LI> UBE4A’s activity is required for appropriate balance of repair pathways </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Ultrasonographic evaluation of patients with abnormal liver function tests in the emergency department

Baran Umut Vardar,Carolyn S.Dupuis,Alan J. Goldstein,Zeynep Vardar,김영환 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.2

Ultrasonography is often the initial modality used to evaluate patients found to have abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in the emergency department. While an assessment for biliary ductal dilatation and obstruction remains one of the main questions to answer, radiologists should also be aware of the ultrasonographic appearance of other conditions that can cause abnormal LFTs. This may be crucial for the management and disposition of patients in the emergency department. This article reviews the ultrasonographic features of diseases that may cause abnormal LFTs.

The pulsating hot subdwarf Balloon 090100001: results of the 2005 multisite campaign

Baran, A.,Oreiro, R.,Pigulski, A.,Herná,ndez, F. Pé,rez,Ulla, A.,Reed, M. D.,Rodrí,guez-Ló,pez, C.,Moskalik, P.,Kim, S.-L.,Chen, W.-P.,Crowe, R.,Siwak, M.,Armendarez, L.,Binder Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.392 No.3

<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We present the results of a multisite photometric campaign on the pulsating B-type hot subdwarf star Balloon 090100001 (Bal09). The star is one of the two known hybrid hot subdwarfs with both long- and short-period oscillations, theoretically attributed to <I>g</I> and <I>p</I> modes. The campaign involved eight telescopes with three obtaining <I>UBVR</I> data, four <I>B</I>-band data and one Strömgren <I>uvby</I> photometry. The campaign covered 48 nights, providing a temporal resolution of 0.36 μHz with a detection threshold of about 0.2 mmag in <I>B</I>-filter data.</P><P>Bal09 has the richest pulsation spectrum of any known pulsating subdwarf B star, and our analysis detected 114 frequencies including 97 independent and 17 combination ones. Most of the 24 <I>g</I>-mode frequencies are between 0.1 and 0.4 mHz. Of the remaining 73, presumably <I>p</I> modes, 72 group into four distinct regions near 2.8, 3.8, 4.7 and 5.5 mHz. The density of frequencies requires that some modes must have degrees ℓ larger than 2. The modes in the 2.8 mHz region have the largest amplitudes. The strongest mode (<I>f</I><SUB>1</SUB>) is most likely radial, while the remaining ones in this region form two nearly symmetric multiplets: a triplet and quintuplet, attributed to rotationally split ℓ= 1 and 2 modes, respectively. We find clear increases of splitting in both multiplets between the 2004 and 2005 observing campaigns, amounting to ∼15 per cent on average. The observed splittings imply that the rotational rate in Bal09 depends on stellar latitude and is the fastest on the equator. We also speculate on the possible reasons for the changes of splitting. The only plausible explanation we find is torsional oscillation. This hypothesis, however, needs to be verified in the future by detailed modelling. In this context, it is very important to monitor the splittings on a longer time-scale as their behaviour may help to explain this interesting phenomenon.</P><P>The amplitudes of almost all terms detected in both 2004 and 2005 were found to vary. This is evident even during one season; for example, amplitudes of modes <I>f</I><SUB>8</SUB> and <I>f</I><SUB>C</SUB> were found to change by a factor of 2–3 within about 50 d during 2005.</P><P>We use a small grid of models to constrain the main mode (<I>f</I><SUB>1</SUB>), which most likely represents the radial fundamental pulsation. The groups of <I>p</I>-mode frequencies appear to lie in the vicinity of the consecutive radial overtones, up to the third one. Despite the large number of <I>g</I>-mode frequencies observed, we failed to identify them, most likely because of the disruption of asymptotic behaviour by mode trapping. The observed frequencies were not, however, fully exploited in terms of seismic analysis which should be done in the future with a larger grid of reliable evolutionary models of hot subdwarfs.</P>

Free vibration and harmonic response of cracked frames using a single variable shear deformation theory

Baran Bozyigit,Yusuf Yesilce,Magd Abdel Wahab 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.74 No.1

The aim of this study is to calculate natural frequencies and harmonic responses of cracked frames with general boundary conditions by using transfer matrix method (TMM). The TMM is a straightforward technique to obtain harmonic responses and natural frequencies of frame structures as the method is based on constructing a relationship between state vectors of two ends of structure by a chain multiplication procedure. A single variable shear deformation theory (SVSDT) is applied, as well as, Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT) for comparison purposes. Firstly, free vibration analysis of intact and cracked frames are performed for different crack ratios using TMM. The crack is modelled by means of a linear rotational spring that divides frame members into segments. The results are verified by experimental data and finite element method (FEM) solutions. The harmonic response curves that represent resonant and anti-resonant frequencies directly are plotted for various crack lengths. It is seen that the TMM can be used effectively for harmonic response analysis of cracked frames as well as natural frequencies calculation. The results imply that the SVSDT is an efficient alternative for investigation of cracked frame vibrations especially with thick frame members. Moreover, EBT results can easily be obtained by ignoring shear deformation related terms from governing equation of motion of SVSDT.

Strengthening of deficient RC frames with high strength concrete panels: an experimental study

Baran, Mehmet,Susoy, Melih,Tankut, Tugrul Techno-Press 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.37 No.2

An economic, structurally effective and practically applicable strengthening technique was developed for reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings. The idea of the technique is to convert the existing hollow brick infill wall into a load carrying system acting as a cast-in-place RC infill wall by bonding relatively thin high strength precast concrete PC panels to the plastered hollow brick infill. For this purpose, a total of eight one-third scale, one bay, one story frames were tested under reversed-cyclic lateral loads. Test frames were designed and constructed with common deficiencies observed in practice. Four different panel types were used for strengthening. Test results showed that both strength and stiffness of the frames were significantly improved by the introduction of PC panels. Experimental results were compared with the analytical approaches suggested by the authors.

MONENSIN IN CATTLE AND SHEEP NUTRITION

Baran, M.,Boda, K.,Zeleny, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.3