Pedicle screws; Pullout strength; Bone density; Osteoporosis; Rigid polyurethane foam

Balachandar Gopalan,Janardhan Srinivas Yerramshetty 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.3

Study Design: Case control study. Purpose: The association of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) with low back pain (LBP) is controversial, as is the role of occupational physical activity and radiological spinal abnormalities suggestive of other spinal disorders (OSDs) such as spinal degeneration and instability. This study aimed to determine if any association of LSTV with LBP exists. If so, the association of the level of physical activity and presence of OSD with LSTV-related LBP was determined. Overview of Literature: The cause of LBP has been linked to proximal level disc degeneration, arthritic pseudoarticulation between LSTV and the sacral ala, facet joint degeneration, and nerve root compression due to a broadened transverse process. LSTV associated with LBP is present among individuals who are involved in high-level physical activity, including military recruits and athletes. Methods: This was an unmatched study comprising 372 cases and 224 controls consecutively recruited with clinical and radiographic documentation. The relationship between LSTV and LBP was analyzed, and the effects of LSTV and OSD on this relationship were also assessed and statistically controlled. Results: The presence of LSTV (p =0.039) was significantly associated with LBP, and the presence of OSD was associated with LTSVrelated LBP, after statistically controlling for the level of physical activity (p =0.024). The level of physical activity was not associated with LBP. Demographic analysis revealed female predominance with an advanced age (>45 years) among those with LSTV-related LBP who have OSD. Conclusions: The presence of LSTV was associated with an increased prevalence of LBP. This association was probably due to the confounding effect of OSD. The level of occupational physical activity was not associated with LSTV-related LBP. We speculate that advanced age and female sex caused the spurious association of LSTV with LBP in our study, rendering LSTV-related LBP controversial in published literature.

Poster Session : PS 0465 ; Genetics ; A Study on XRCC1, P53 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Southern India

( Vellingiri Balachandar ),( Subramaniam Mohana Devi ),( Meyyazhagan Arun ),( S Haripriya ),( Iyer Mahalakshmi ),( Sn Dharwadkar ),( Keshavarao Sasikala ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ids one of the most common cancer worldwide. Polymorphism in p53 and XRCC1 genes were associated with increased risk of early-onset HCC. We thus hypothesized that, these polymorphism could be more likely in South Indian population. However the status of these mutations in South Indian HCC had not been studied. Methods: In the present study 130 HCC patients and 130 control subjects were analyzed for known polymorphisms in the p53 and XRCC1 genes. Results: In the Arg194Trp polymorphism of p53 gene, we found 19.05% with Arg- 399Trp (heterozygous variant) genotype and 1.6% with 399Trp (homozygous variant) in comparison to controls who exhibited 90.39% with wild type genotype. In Arg399Gln polymorphism of XRCC1 gene, 46.17% were found to have Arg399Gln (heterozygous variant) genotype and 10.11% were found to have 399Gln (homozygous variant) genotype in comparison to controls who exhibited 55% individuals with heterozygous variant genotype and 16.75% with homozygous variant genotype. This polymorphic incidence revealed signifi cant association with advanced stages of the HCC and also well differentiated tumor. Conclusions: Thus the results of our study provide the genetic variations of p53 and XRCC1 which may contribute to the susceptibility to HCC in South India. The results suggest that, these genes could play a signifi cant role in HCC and the combined effect of these variants may interact to increase the risk of HCC in Indian population.

DAX-1 acts as a novel corepressor of orphan nuclear receptor HNF4alpha and negatively regulates gluconeogenic enzyme gene expression.

Nedumaran, Balachandar,Hong, Sungpyo,Xie, Yuan-Bin,Kim, Yong-Hoon,Seo, Woo-Young,Lee, Min-Woo,Lee, Chul Ho,Koo, Seung-Hoi,Choi, Hueng-Sik American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.40

<P>DAX-1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal adrenal hypoplasia congenital critical region on X chromosome, gene 1) is an atypical member of the nuclear receptor family and acts as a corepressor of a number of nuclear receptors. HNF4alpha (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha) is a liver-enriched transcription factor that controls the expression of a variety of genes involved in cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism. Here we show that DAX-1 inhibits transcriptional activity of HNF4alpha and modulates hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression. Hepatic DAX-1 expression is increased by insulin and SIK1 (salt-inducible kinase 1), whereas it is decreased in high fat diet-fed and diabetic mice. Coimmunoprecipitation assay from mouse liver samples depicts that endogenous DAX-1 interacts with HNF4alpha in vivo. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay affirms that the recruitment of DAX-1 on the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter is inversely correlated with the recruitment of PGC-1alpha and HNF4alpha under fasting and refeeding, showing that DAX-1 could compete with the coactivator PGC-1alpha for binding to HNF4alpha. Adenovirus-mediated expression of DAX-1 decreased both HNF4alpha- and forskolin-mediated gluconeogenic gene expressions. In addition, knockdown of DAX-1 partially reverses the insulin-mediated inhibition of gluconeogenic gene expression in primary hepatocytes. Finally, DAX-1 inhibits PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression and significantly lowers fasting blood glucose level in high fat diet-fed mice, suggesting that DAX-1 can modulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in vivo. Overall, this study demonstrates that DAX-1 acts as a corepressor of HNF4alpha to negatively regulate hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression in liver.</P>

An approximation scheme for the numerical solution of hiv infection of CD T-cells using Chebyshev wavelets

S. RAJA BALACHANDAR,S.G. VENKATESH,S.K.AYYASWAMY,K. BALASUBRAMANIAN,K. KRISHNAVENI 장전수학회 2019 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.22 No.4

In this paper, the Chebyshev wavelets method for solving a model for HIV infection of CD4+ T-cells is studied. The properties of Chebyshev wavelets and their operational matrices are rst presented and then are used to convert into algebraic equations. Also the convergence and error analysis for the proposed technique is discussed. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the valid- ity and applicability of the technique. The eciency of the proposed method is compared with other traditional methods and it is observed that the Chebyshev wavelet method is more convenient than the other methods in terms of applica- bility, eciency, accuracy, error and computational eort.

Bisphenol A Bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H2O) Induces Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Gene Expression and Increases Steroidogenesis in Mouse Testicular Leydig Cells

안승원,Balachandar Nedumaran,Yuanbin Xie,김돈규,김용득,최흥식 한국분자세포생물학회 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.1

Bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H₂O) is a component of commercial liquid epoxy resins commonly used in the food-packing industry and in dental sealants. There is evidence that it has significant estrogenic activity. Nur77 plays a crucial role in the regulation of certain genes involved in LH-mediated steroidogenesis in testicular Leydig cells. It was previously demonstrated that Bisphenol A (BPA) stimulates Nur77 gene induction and steroidogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of BADGE.2H₂O on Nur77 gene expression and steroidogenesis. Northern blot analysis showed that it increased the expression of Nur77 mRNA and protein, and transient transfection assays demonstrated that it increased the promoter activity and transactivation of Nur77. It also increased the expression of certain steroidogenic genes, such as StAR and 3β-HSD. Finally, over-expression of a dominant negative Nur77 cDNA via adenoviral infection reduced BADGE.2H₂O-mediated progesterone biosynthesis. These results indicate that BADGE.2H₂O disrupts testicular steroidogenesis by increasing Nur77 gene expression.

Drag and lift forces on a spherical particle moving on a wall in a shear flow at finite Re

Lee, H.,Balachandar, S. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2010 Journal of fluid mechanics Vol.657 No.-

Evaluation of Chromosomal Alteration in Electrical Workers Occupationally Exposed to Low Frequency of Electro Magnetic Field (EMFs) in Coimbatore Population, India

Balamuralikrishnan, Balasubramanian,Balachandar, Vellingiri,Kumar, Shanmugam Suresh,Stalin, Nattan,Varsha, Prakash,Devi, Subramaniam Mohana,Arun, Meyyazhagan,Manikantan, Pappuswamy,Venkatesan, Chinnak Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6

Extremely low frequency electro magnetic fields (EMFs) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. An increased number of chromosomal alterations in peripheral lymphocytes are correlated with elevated incidence of cancer. The aim of the present study was to assess occupationally induced chromosomal damage in EMF workers exposed to low levels of radiation. We used conventional metaphase chromosome aberration (CA) analysis and the micronucleus (MN) assay as biological indicators of non ionizing radiation exposure. In the present study totally 70 subjects were selected including 50 exposed and 20 controls. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants and the study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the approval of the local ethical committee. A higher degree of CA and MN was observed in exposed subjects compared to controls, the frequency of CA being significantly enhanced with long years of exposure (P<0.05). Moreover increase in CA and MN with age was noted in both exposed subjects and controls, but was significantly greater in the former. The results of this study demonstrated that a significant induction of cytogenetic damage in peripheral lymphocytes of workers occupationally exposed to EMFs in electric transformer and distribution stations. In conclusion, our findings suggest that EMFs possess genotoxic capability, as measured by CA and MN assays; CA analysis appeared more sensitive than other cytogenetic end-points. It can be concluded that chronic occupational exposure to EMFs may lead to an increased risk of genetic damage among electrical workers.

언덕이 있는 하상유동 계측을 통한 PIV기법의 수력학적 적용연구

현범수,R.Balachandar,V.C.Patel 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2002 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.5 No.3

Spanwise Growth of Vortex Structure in Wall Turbulence

Adrian, Ronald J.,Balachandar, S.,Liu, Z.C. The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2001 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.15 No.12

Recent studies of the structure of wall turbulence have lead to the development of a conceptual model that validates and integrates many elements of previous models into a relatively simple picture based on self-assembling packets of hairpin vortex eddies. By continual spawning new hairpins the packets grow longer in the streamwise direction, and by mutual induction between adjacent hairpins the hairpins are strained so that they grow taller and wider as they age. The result is a characteristic growth angle in the streamwise-wall normal plane. The spanwise growth of individual packets implies that packets must either merge or pass through each other when they come into contact. Direct numerical simulations of the growth and interaction of spanwise adjacent hairpins shows that they merge by the vortex connection mechanism originally proposed by Wark and Nagib (199). In this mechanism the quasi-streamwise legs of two hairpins annihilate each other, by virtue of having opposite vorticity, leaving a new hairpin of approximately double the width of the individuals. PIV measurements in planes parallel to the wall support this picture. DNS of multiple hairpins shows how the spanwise scale doubles when the hairpins form an array.

Enhancement of the SESN2-SHP cascade by melatonin ameliorates hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the CRBN-BTG2-CREBH signaling pathway

An Seungwon,Nedumaran Balachandar,Koh Hong,Joo Dong Jin,Lee Hyungjo,Park Chul-Seung,Harris Robert A.,Shin Keong Sub,Djalilian Ali R.,Kim Yong Deuk 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Melatonin is involved in the regulation of various biological functions. Here, we explored a novel molecular mechanism by which the melatonin-induced sestrin2 (SESN2)-small heterodimer partner (SHP) signaling pathway protects against fasting- and diabetes-mediated hepatic glucose metabolism. Various key gene expression analyses were performed and multiple metabolic changes were assessed in liver specimens and primary hepatocytes of mice and human participants. The expression of the hepatic cereblon (CRBN) and b-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) genes was significantly increased in fasting mice, diabetic mice, and patients with diabetes. Overexpression of Crbn and Btg2 increased hepatic gluconeogenesis by enhancing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH), whereas this phenomenon was prominently ablated in Crbn null mice and Btg2-silenced mice. Interestingly, melatonin-induced SESN2 and SHP markedly reduced hepatic glucose metabolism in diabetic mice and primary hepatocytes, and this protective effect of melatonin was strikingly reversed by silencing Sesn2 and Shp. Finally, the melatonin-induced SESN2-SHP signaling pathway inhibited CRBN- and BTG2-mediated hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription via the competition of BTG2 and the interaction of CREBH. Mitigation of the CRBN-BTG2-CREBH axis by the melatonin-SESN2-SHP signaling network may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to treat metabolic dysfunction due to diabetes.