SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF BOVINE α_S1-CASEIN GENOMIC DNA

Lin, C.S.,Huang, M.C.,Choo, K.B.,Tseng, Y.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.4

A phage clone containing the partial ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein gene was isolated from a bovine genomic library by using mixed probes of ovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-, ${\beta}$- and ${\kappa}$-casein cDNAs. Restriction enzyme mapping analysis for 14.6 kb revealed that the map was in conflict with the report of Meade et al. (1990), especially in the 3'-end fragment. Sequence analysis of 12.6 kb revealed a high AT/GC ratio (1.64); we have identified eight exon sequences according to the bovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein cDNA sequence. The same exon/intron splice junction sequence was observed between these exons. We suggest that the bovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein gene night contain a minimum of 18 exons and the full length is approximately 18-19 kb.

Distribution of stress state in the Nankai subduction zone, southwest Japan and a comparison with Japan Trench

Lin, W.,Byrne, T.B.,Kinoshita, M.,McNeill, L.C.,Chang, C.,Lewis, J.C.,Yamamoto, Y.,Saffer, D.M.,Casey Moore, J.,Wu, H.Y.,Tsuji, T.,Yamada, Y.,Conin, M.,Saito, S.,Ito, T.,Tobin, H.J.,Kimura, G.,Kanagaw Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co 2016 Tectonophysics Vol.692 No.2

<P>To better understand the distribution of three dimensional stress states in the Nankai subduction zone, southwest Japan, we review various stress-related investigations carried out in the first and second stage expeditions of the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE) by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and compile the stress data. Overall, the maximum principal stress sigma(l) in the shallower levels (<similar to 1 km) is vertical from near the center of forearc basin to near the trench and; the maximum horizontal stress S-Hmax (interpreted to be the intermediate principal stress sigma(2)) is generally parallel to the plate convergence vector. The exception to this generalization occurs along the shelf edge of the Nankai margin where S-Hmax, is along strike rather than parallel to the plate convergence vector. Reorientation of the principal stresses at deeper levels (e.g., >similar to 1 km below seafloor or in underlying accretionary prism) with sigma(1) becoming horizontal is also suggested at all deeper drilling sites. We also make a comparison of the stress state in the hanging wall of the frontal plate-interface between Site C0066 in the Nankai and Site C0019 in the Japan Trench subduction zone drilled after the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. In the Japan Trench, a comparison between stress state before and after the 2011 mega-earthquake shows that the stress changed from compression before the earthquake to extension after the earthquake. As a result of the comparison between the Nankai Trough and Japan Trench, a similar current stress state with trench parallel extension was recognized at both C0006 and C0019 sites. Hypothetically, this may indicate that in Nankai Trough it is still in an early stage of the interseismic cycle of a great earthquake which occurs on the decollement and propagates to the toe (around site C0006). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

알코올 발효사료 급여가 한우의 육성성적 및 혈액의 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향

임광철,김창혁,오상집,성경일,김현숙,김종복,홍병주,신종서 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 실험은 알코올 발효사료(alcohol 함량; 3.0∼3.2%, lactate 함량; 3.0∼3.5%) 처리가 한우 반추위내 혈액성분 및 비육능력에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 한우에 비지박 알코올 발효사료(Alcohol-fermented soybean curd dreg : AFS) 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료(alcohol fermented brewery grain's : AFB)를 급여하여 평균체중이 329㎏인 한우 거세우 13두와 평균체중이 337㎏인 한우 비거세우 20두를 공시하여 증체량, 사료섭취량, 혈액성분, 혈중 알코올 함량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 거세우에서 비육전기의 일당증체량 및 사료효율은 알코올 발효사료 급여구들이 대조구에 비해 개선되는 경향을 보였으며, 비육후기의 일당증체량은 처리에 따른 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 비육후기의 사료효율은 알코올 발효사료 급여구가 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 비거세우에서 일당증체량 및 사료효율은 알코올 발효사료 급여로 개선되는 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 나타나지 않았으며, 비육 후기에는 개선효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 혈중 알코올 농도는 알코올 발효사료 급여구가 시험사료 급여 2시간 후에 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(p<0.05), 사료급여 4시간째에는 급여전의 수준으로 낮아졌다. BUN 농도는 거세우가 비거세우에 비해 높았으며(14.3 vs 10.97 ㎎/㎗, p<0.05), 혈중 creatinine 농도는 거세우가 비거세우보다 낮았다(1.39 vs 1.49㎎/㎗, p<0.05). 혈중 cholesterol 농도는 전체적으로 체중이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 혈중 glucose 농도는 알코올 발효사료 급여로 비거세우에서는 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면 거세우에서는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 혈중 IP 농도는 알코올 발효사료 급여로 거세우 및 비거세우 모두 증가되었다.(p<0.05). This study was conducted to know the feeding effects of alcohol-fermented feedstuffs (alcohol concentration: 3.0∼3.2 %, lactate: 3.0∼3.5%) on the blood metabolites and fattening ability. Alcohol-fermented soybean curd dreg (AFS) and alcohol fermented brewery grain (AFB) were fed to 13 Korean steers (average body weight, 329㎏) and 20 Korean bulls (average 337㎏ B.W), and body weight gain, feed conversion rate, blood metabolites and blood alcohol concentration were analyzed. The feed conversion rates of steers at both fattening and finishing period were improved by feeding alcohol-fermented feedstuffs. However, improvement of daily body weight gain was observed only at fattening period. In bulls, body weight gains and feed conversion rate were also improved at fattening period (but not at finishing period) by feeding of alcohol-fermented feedstuffs, although a statistical significance was not detected. Blood alcohol concentrations of AFS and AFB group were significantly increased (p<0.05) at 2 hours after feeding, but dropped to the initial level at 4 hours after feeding. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) concentrations of steers were higher than those of bulls (14.3 vs 10.97 ㎎/㎗), but creatinine was lower in steers than in bulls (1.39 vs 1.49㎎/㎗). Blood cholesterol concentration was generally proportional to the increment of body weight. While the blood glucose content was decreased in bulls by feeding alcohol-feedstuffs, it was increased in steers. Blood inorganic phosphorus(IP) level was increased in both steers and bulls.

A hybrid aerodynamic and electrostatic atomization system for enhanced uniformity of thin film

Seong, B.,Hwang, S.,Jang, H.S.,Lee, H.,Kim, J.,Nguyen, V.D.,Cho, D.H.,Lin, L.,Byun, D. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Journal of electrostatics Vol.87 No.-

<P>Droplet deposition processes by the mechanisms of either aerodynamics or electrostatic spray have been widely studied in various applications such as aerosol generators, thin film coatings, and nanoparticle formations. Among the current state-of-art methodologies, air spray deposition can produce small-sized droplets without fine control on their sizes and uniformity in deposited thin films. Conventional electrospray depositions, on the other hand, can fabricate thin films with good uniform with a relatively slow deposition speed. In this paper, a hybrid mechanism by means of aerodynamic and electrostatic deposition is investigated and demonstrated to allow high throughput and improved uniformity for thin film depositions. It utilizes both the electrostatic force and aerodynamic force to atomize the liquid and control the droplet spraying process with good stability/repeatability. A uniform thin TiO2 film has been deposited as the demonstration example using this method. The velocities and trajectories of droplets during the deposition process have been characterized under different experimental parameters by using the technique of particle image velocimetry (PIV). This hybrid thin film fabrication method could be applicable in several industrial processes for better uniformity in making transparent electrodes, solar cells, displays, and automobiles. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Age-related differences in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis

Cho, S.H.,Hong, S.J.,Han, B.,Lee, S.H.,Suh, L.,Norton, J.,Lin, D.,Conley, D.B.,Chandra, R.,Kern, R.C.,Tan, B.K.,Kato, A.,Peters, A.,Grammer, L.C.,Schleimer, R.P. Mosby 2012 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.129 No.3

Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly affects the quality of life of elderly people, the inflammatory mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis in the elderly have not been well studied. This study demonstrates that despite the higher severity of CRS observed in elderly patients, they had lower eosinophilic cationic protein compared to non-elderly CRS patients. In addition, S100A8/9 was significantly decreased in CRS with aging process, suggesting that epithelial barrier dysfunction may continue to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRS while eosinophilic inflammation may subside with age.

Complete nucleotide sequence of Dendrocalamus latiflorus and Bambusa oldhamii chloroplast genomes.

Wu, F-H,Kan, D-P,Lee, S-B,Daniell, H,Lee, Y-W,Lin, C-C,Lin, N-S,Lin, C-S Heron Pub 2009 Tree physiology Vol.29 No.6

<P>Although bamboo is one of the most important woody crops in Asia, information on its genome is still very limited. To investigate the relationship among Poaceae members and to understand the mechanism of albino mutant generation in vitro, the complete chloroplast genome of two economically important bamboo species, Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro and Bambusa oldhamii Munro, was determined employing a strategy that involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using 443 novel primers designed to amplify the chloroplast genome of these two species. The lengths of the B. oldhamii and D. latiflorus chloroplast genomes are 139,350 and 139,365 bp, respectively. The organization structure and the gene order of these two bamboos are identical to other members of Poaceae. Highly conserved chloroplast genomes of Poaceae facilitated sequencing by the PCR method. Phylogenetic analysis using both chloroplast genomes confirmed the results obtained from studies on chromosome number and reproductive organ morphology. There are 23 gaps, insertions/deletions > 100 bp, in the chloroplast genomes of 10 genera of Poaceae compared in this study. The phylogenetic distribution of these gaps corresponds to their taxonomic placement. The sequences of these two chloroplast genomes provide useful information for studying bamboo evolution, ecology and biotechnology.</P>

Extrusion 가공처리 계분사료의 첨가수준이 재래산양의 육성능력, 영양소 소화율 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

김창혁,라창식,고병대,박재인,임광철,신종서 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

본 시험은 계분의 가축 사료화의 일환으로 계분, 옥수수 및 타피오카를 50:30:20의 비율로 혼합하여 extrusion 가공한 계분사료(EPM)의 급여수준이 반추가축의 증체량, 사료요구율, 영양소 소화율 및 도체성적에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 평균체중이 10㎏ 내외의 한국재래산양 수컷 15두를 이용하여 EPM을 시험사료중에 각각 0, 10, 20, 30 및 40%씩 첨가 급여하여 6주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. Extrusion 가공처리 계분사료의 수분, 조지방 및 조섬유 함량는 extrusion 가공처리 전보다 각각 10.8, 0.2 및 0.5% 감소하였고, NFE는 1.7% 증가하였다. 사료섭취량은 대조구의 596.1g/day에 비해 EPM 20 및 30% 첨가구에서 각각 620.6 및 698.5g/day로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 40% 첨가구에서는 590.7g/day로 감소하였다. 일당 증체량은 대조구에서 119.8g으로 EPM 10, 20 및 30% 첨가구의 96.8, 98.3 및 108.2g/day와 거의 유사한 수준을 보였으나 EPM 40% 첨가구에서는 78.3g/day로 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 사료요구율은 대조구(5.01)에 비하여 EPM 첨가수준이 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 EPM 40% 첨가구에서는 대조구에 비해 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 건물 및 조단백질 소화율은 각 처리간에 큰 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, 조섬유 소화율은 대조구의 63.7%에 비해 EPM 10, 20, 30 및 40% 첨가구에서 각각 65.3, 67.5, 70.4 및 71.8%로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 조지방 소화율은 EPM 40% 첨가구에서 68.5%로 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고(p<0.05). 다른 EMP 첨가구에서는 거의 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 도체율은 대조구의 49.7%에 비해 EPM 10, 20, 30 및 40% 첨가구에서 각각 49.7, 48.3, 47.8 및 45.2로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 산양고기중의 지방 함량은 대조구의 16.3%에 비해 EPM 첨가구 모두에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary level of extruded poultry manure, corn and tapioca mixture (EPM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition in korean native goats. Total 15 heads of Korean native goats (10 ㎏ B.W.) were randomly assigned into five treatment groups (EPM 10, 20, 30, 40% and control.) and feeding trial was done for six weeks with ad libitum. Protein level of the extrudate with poultry manure was directly proportional to corn supplements rate. NFE and Ca content in EPM also were functional of the tapioca supplements levels. Daily body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in EPM 40% group, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Concentrate feed intake was high in EPM 10 to 30% groups, compared to the control. Feed conversion ratio also was relatively higher in EPM groups than in the control. As EPM level increased, dry matter digestibility was proportionally decreased, but that of crude protein was enhanced. Dressed carcass percentage was significantly (p<0.05) reduced with the increase of EPM level, showing control 49.7, EPM 10% 49.8, EPM 20% 48.3, EPM 30% 47.9 and EPM 40% 45.2, respectively.

Changes in Serum Metabolites and Growth Characteristics of Korean Native Steers Fed Alcohol-fermented Feeds

Lin, G.Z.,Kim, B.W.,Kim, C.H.,Kim, H.S.,Sung, K.I.,Ohh, S.J.,Hong, B.J.,Shin, J.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.5

This study was carried out to assess whether feeding of alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) affects the nutritional metabolism and growth characteristics of Korean native steers. Ten steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. The dietary treatments were AFF (50% commercial beef cattle feed+30% alcohol-fermented soybean curd dregs+20% rice straw) and control (80% commercial beef cattle feed+20% rice straw). The change of serum metabolites and growth characteristics were measured every two months during the whole twelve months experimental period and the relationships between serum metabolites and growth characteristics were simultaneously analyzed. Four hours after feeding AFF, serum alcohol concentration reached its peak with a significantly higher value than that after control feeding (11.9 and 4.9 mg/dl, respectively). Serum glucose and inorganic phosphorus (IP) concentrations (63.1 and 8.4 mg/dl, respectively) of steers fed AFF were higher than those (56.6 and 7.0 mg/dl) fed the control diet. In both treatments, the serum glucose concentration rapidly increased when body weight (BW) of the steer reached about 600kg, while IP concentrations were rapidly diminished at that BW. Lower concentrations of both blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol were observed in steers fed AFF up to 450 kg of BW. The IP concentration was correlated with concentrations of BUN, cholesterol and glucose in AFF fed cattle but not in the cattle fed control diets. Average daily gain was higher in steers fed AFF than steers fed control, particularly during the growing stage of cattle. These findings indicated a capability of AFF to improve BW gain of Korean native steers by decreased protein degradation as well as increased fat synthesis.

THE TAIWANESE-AMERICAN OCCULTATION SURVEY PROJECT STELLAR VARIABILITY. II. DETECTION OF 15 VARIABLE STARS

Mondal, S.,Lin, C. C.,Chen, W. P.,Zhang, Z.-W.,Alcock, C.,Axelrod, T.,Bianco, F. B.,Byun, Y.-I.,Coehlo, N. K.,Cook, K. H.,Dave, R.,Kim, D.-W.,King, S.-K.,Lee, T.,Lehner, M. J.,Lin, H.-C.,Marshall, S. American Institute of Physics 2010 The Astronomical journal Vol.139 No.5

<P>The Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) project has collected more than a billion photometric measurements since 2005 January. These sky survey data—covering timescales from a fraction of a second to a few hundred days—are a useful source to study stellar variability. A total of 167 star fields, mostly along the ecliptic plane, have been selected for photometric monitoring with the TAOS telescopes. This paper presents our initial analysis of a search for periodic variable stars from the time-series TAOS data on one particular TAOS field, No. 151 (R.A. = 17<SUP>h</SUP>30<SUP>m</SUP>6<img entity='fs' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/fs.gif' ALT='fs' ALIGN='BASELINE' />7, decl. = 27°17'30'', J2000), which had been observed over 47 epochs in 2005. A total of 81 candidate variables are identified in the 3 deg<SUP>2</SUP> field, with magnitudes in the range 8 < R < 16. On the basis of the periodicity and shape of the light curves, 29 variables, 15 of which were previously unknown, are classified as RR Lyrae, Cepheid, δ Scuti, SX Phonencis, semi-regular, and eclipsing binaries.</P>

From BASE-ASIA toward 7-SEAS: A satellite-surface perspective of boreal spring biomass-burning aerosols and clouds in Southeast Asia

Tsay, S.C.,Hsu, N.C.,Lau, W.K.M.,Li, C.,Gabriel, P.M.,Ji, Q.,Holben, B.N.,Judd Welton, E.,Nguyen, A.X.,Janjai, S.,Lin, N.H.,Reid, J.S.,Boonjawat, J.,Howell, S.G.,Huebert, B.J.,Fu, J.S.,Hansell, R.A.,S Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2013 Atmospheric environment Vol.78 No.-

In this paper, we present recent field studies conducted by NASA's SMART-COMMIT (and ACHIEVE, to be operated in 2013) mobile laboratories, jointly with distributed ground-based networks (e.g., AERONET, http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and MPLNET, http://mplnet.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and other contributing instruments over northern Southeast Asia. These three mobile laboratories, collectively called SMARTLabs (cf. http://smartlabs.gsfc.nasa.gov/, Surface-based Mobile Atmospheric Research &Testbed Laboratories) comprise a suite of surface remote sensing and in-situ instruments that are pivotal in providing high spectral and temporal measurements, complementing the collocated spatial observations from various Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites. A satellite-surface perspective and scientific findings, drawn from the BASE-ASIA (2006) field deployment as well as a series of ongoing 7-SEAS (2010-13) field activities over northern Southeast Asia are summarized, concerning (i) regional properties of aerosols from satellite and in-situ measurements, (ii) cloud properties from remote sensing and surface observations, (iii) vertical distribution of aerosols and clouds, and (iv) regional aerosol radiative effects and impact assessment. The aerosol burden over Southeast Asia in boreal spring, attributed to biomass burning, exhibits highly consistent spatial and temporal distribution patterns, with major variability arising from changes in the magnitude of the aerosol loading mediated by processes ranging from large-scale climate factors to diurnal meteorological events. Downwind from the source regions, the tightly coupled-aerosol-cloud system provides a unique, natural laboratory for further exploring the micro- and macro-scale relationships of the complex interactions. The climatic significance is presented through large-scale anti-correlations between aerosol and precipitation anomalies, showing spatial and seasonal variability, but their precise cause-and-effect relationships remain an open-ended question. To facilitate an improved understanding of the regional aerosol radiative effects, which continue to be one of the largest uncertainties in climate forcing, a joint international effort is required and anticipated to commence in springtime 2013 in northern Southeast Asia.