Respiratory Monitoring

Tobin, Martin J. MediMedia Korea 1990 JAMA-Korea Vol.5 No.9

PERFORMANCE TOOLS AND THEIR IMPACT ON POLLUTION REDUCTION : AN ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION AND R&D

TOBIN IM,WONHYUK CHO The Korean Association For Public Administration 2010 International Review of Public Administration Vol.15 No.3

<P>Although the theoretical implications of environmental taxation and government’s research and development (R&D) investment have been discussed at length, a link between the effects of such tools and improved environmental performance has not been sufficiently supported by empirical evidence. This paper explores the effects of environmental taxation as well as R&D on environmental pollution. We used cross-country panel data from 26 OECD countries with observations ranging from 1995 to 2005. Our findings have led us to the conclusion that taxation has no significant effect on reducing environmental pollution, while governmental R&D expenditure exhibits a significant and positive impact on the reduction of environmental pollution.</P>

RESOLVED DEPLETION ZONES AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF N₂H⁺AND N₂D⁺

Tobin, John J.,Bergin, Edwin A.,Hartmann, Lee,Lee, Jeong-Eun,Maret, Sé,bastien,Myers, Phillip C.,Looney, Leslie W.,Chiang, Hsin-Fang,Friesen, Rachel IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.765 No.1

<P>We present a study on the spatial distribution of N2D+ and N2H+ in 13 protostellar systems. Eight of thirteen objects observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope show relative offsets between the peak N2D+ (J = 2 -> 1) and N2H+ (J = 1 -> 0) emission. We highlight the case of L1157 using interferometric observations from the Submillimeter Array and Plateau de Bure Interferometer of the N2D+ (J = 3 -> 2) and N2H+ (J = 1 -> 0) transitions, respectively. Depletion of N2D+ in L1157 is clearly observed inside a radius of similar to 2000 AU (7 '') and the N2H+ emission is resolved into two peaks at radii of similar to 1000 AU (3 ''.5), inside the depletion region of N2D+. Chemical models predict a depletion zone in N2D+ and N2H+ due to destruction of H2D+ at T similar to 20 K and the evaporation of CO off dust grains at the same temperature. However, the abundance offsets of 1000 AU between the two species are not reproduced by chemical models, including a model that follows the infall of the protostellar envelope. The average abundance ratios of N2D+ to N2H+ have been shown to decrease as protostars evolve by Emprechtinger et al., but this is the first time depletion zones of N2D+ have been spatially resolved. We suggest that the difference in depletion zone radii for N2H+ and N2D+ is caused by either the CO evaporation temperature being above 20 K or an H-2 ortho-to-para ratio gradient in the inner envelope.</P>

Time Factors in Policy Performance: The Korean Government`s Economic Crisis Management in 2008

( Tobin Im ),( Wonhyuk Cho ) 서울대학교 행정대학원 2010 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.25 No.2

Abstract: This paper assesses the Korean government`s management of the recent economic crisis by focusing on time factors. The events that occurred from March 2008 to October 2009 and the government`s corrective actions are interpreted through a "time lens" that accounts for the temporal constraints in terms of objective time as well as perceptive time. These two time domains have significant effects on the management of public policies, especially economic policies that require government interventions that affect the complex interactions of economic factors from both the fiscal policy and market perspectives. In order to illustrate the importance of long-term strategy, this study reviews the evolution of the economic situation following the onset of the financial crisis. Our retrospective analysis does not find that the Lee Myung-Bak government deployed strategies relevant for the long term, but rather that President Lee`s authoritarian attitude itself may help him fuel the economy for a long time. Regardless of the causes, this case emphasizes the need for consistency in policy making, especially when the policy area`s particularities require it.

ECLIPSING BINARY STARS IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS

TOBIN WILLIAM The Korean Astronomical Society 1996 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.29 No.suppl1

Within the next few years eclipsing binaries should yield primary distance measurements for the Magellanic Clouds as well as provide tests of theoretical low-metallicity stellar models.

Questionable Reform: The Adoption of the Double-Entry Bookkeeping and Accrual Basis Accounting System in Korea

( Tobin Im ),( Hyunkuk Lee ),( Dongwan Lim ) 서울대학교 행정대학원 2018 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.33 No.1

This study examines the factors that influence human vulnerability to natural disasters by focusing on the seismic evaluation of school buildings in Korea. Since natural disasters such as an earthquake often do not take people’s lives directly, but rather indirectly through the destruction of physical structures, seismic reinforcement of school buildings may reduce the vulnerability of their occupants by strengthening structures to withstand such disasters. Disaster mitigation measures are implemented within a state; however, little is known about how they are distributed when the physical properties of structures are taken into account. This paper analyzes a panel data based on the structural properties of school buildings in eight different provinces between 2011 and 2015 using a logistic regression model. The results show that factors identified in cross-country studies, such as economic capacity and political factors, still have influence on earthquake preparedness at the state level, even when the physical properties of structures or technical factors are considered.

Factors Influencing the Success of Participatory Egovernment Applications in Romania and South Korea

( Tobin Im ) 서울대학교 행정대학원 2012 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.27 No.1

Abstract: While participatory e-government is increasingly advocated, few studies have investigated whether it is feasible across all national contexts. This study investigates how certain contextual features influence the success of participatory applications of e-government. In particular, it assesses how the political, economic, and social context in which a particular government operates influence the introduction of participatory e-government, and compares participatory e-government applications in Romania and South Korea. These nations possess important similarities and differences in their political, social, and economic contexts. The study results suggest that the success of participatory e-government projects is to a large extent contingent upon political and economic factors and less related to social factors.

한국 행정관료제의 조직운영 원리에 관한 연구

임도빈(Tobin Im) 한국정치학회 2001 한국정치학회보 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구는 한국의 행정조직의 특성을 대표한다고 할 수 있는 도청조직이 가지고 있는 특징이 무엇인가를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 구체적으로는 도청 공무원들이 일상적으로 누구와 어떻게 협력하여 업무를 수행하며, 업무수행상 나타나는 행위의 규칙성에 대하여 행위체제론적으로 해석하는 것을 시도하고 있다. 비교적 폐쇄체제라고 할 수 있는 도청체제 내에서 일하는 공무원들이 갖고 있는 목표, 제약, 자원이라는 측면에서 볼 때, 직원 간 협조관계는 수평적인 관계에 비하여 수직적인 관계가 과도하게 발달하여 있다. 도청 직원 간 행위게임의 내용은 개혁성향이 강한 지사와 이에 부응하지 못하는 일반 직원간의 적응게임으로 요약하여 설명할 수 있다. 개혁과 보수의 간격을 메우는 장치는 품의제도와 함께 나타나는 세 가지 역설적 결과(비밀주의, 형식주의, 기초자치단체에 대한 자율권 제약)들인데 결과적으로 도지사의 의도나 지방자치 실시의 목적과는 달리 관료제적 역기능을 강화시키게 된다. The purpose of this research is to analyze the operating system of Prefecture A, one of the most important local bureaucracies in Korea. One remarkable phenomenon of this system is the prevailance of vertical interactions over horizontal ones among civil servants. This often results in internal confrontations between the reformist (the prefect and his immediate collaborators) and the resistants. Few conflicts, however, are observable between these two opposing groups mainly because of the Poomyi system, one of the most influential decision-making systems in Korean bureaucracy, and the 'new iron triangle.' However these two mechanisms, while preventing conflict, are responsible for three kinds of dysfunctions: secret-seeking, formalism and centralization over the lower-level local governments.

성숙한 대의민주주의를 위한 조건 : 행정부-의회의 관계를 중심으로

임도빈 ( Tobin Im ) 한국행정연구원 2018 韓國行政硏究 Vol.27 No.2

최근 전 세계는 기존 정치체제인 대의민주주의에 대한 불신이 높아지고, 이를 대체 혹은 보완하기 위해 ‘성숙한 민주주의’에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 ‘성숙한 대의민주주의를 위해 현재 우리에게 필요한 의회-행정부 관계는 어떠해야 하는가?’라는 질문에서 출발하였다. 이를 위해 퍼지셋 연구방법론을 활용하여 OECD 내 28개국을 비교·분석하였다. 정부경쟁력과 의회경쟁력을 기준으로 4가지 이념형을 도출하여 28개국을 분류하였으며, 필요충분조건 검정을 통해 성숙한 대의 민주주의를 위해 어떠한 조건이 선행되어야 하는지 살펴보았다. 퍼지셋 분석 결과에 의하면, 한국은 행정부경쟁력에 비해 상대적으로 의회경쟁력이 낮은 국가군에 속하였다. 성숙한 대의민주주의를 위한 조건으로 입법부 효과성을 높이거나, 행정부 통제의 수준을 합리적으로 조정할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 정치권력이 대의민주주의를 자의적으로 활용하는 것으로부터 의회와 행정부가 스스로 벗어날 필요가 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 조건이 선행되어야만 관료제가 제 역할을 수행할 수 있으며, 다양한 국민의 요구에 충분히 대응할 수 있다. 결국 정치환경의 변화에 따라 대의민주주의 체제를 새롭게 이해하는 과정을 통해 의회와 행정부 간 관계가 선순환 구조로 전환될 것이다. The world is replete with voice that laments the crisis of representative democracy. Public mistrust towards representative democracy, the default political system of the contemporary era, has been rapidly escalating, and countries have witnessed increasing demands for a more “matured” form of democracy to supplement (or even substitute) the current system. In this sense, the present research originates from the question of “what would be the desired end-state of legislative-administrative relations for enabling the advancement of representative democracy?” In order to address the research question, I conduct a fuzzy-set comparative analysis on 28 OECD member-states through which the countries are categorized into four different ideological dimensions that are based on the criteria of government competitiveness and legislative competitiveness. Aimed at identifying potential antecedents of a more matured form of representative democracy, the result demonstrates that countries may find the aforementioned objective attainable through either enhancing the effectiveness of their legislative bodies or coordinating the level of control over the administrative branches, so that both entities can be ensured of autonomy from governing political power making arbitrary interventions upon their domains. In addition, the analysis of necessary-and-sufficient conditions reveals that the Republic of Korea belongs to the group of countries that have lower levels of legislative competitiveness when compared with those of the government. These are the critical factors only through which the bureaucracy can effectively perform its duties and functions, thereby efficiently responding to the continuously diversifying needs of the public. In sum, we expect that the legislative-administrative relations will undergo a transition to the structure of virtuous cycles when the country is faced with changing political environment, followed by the process of facilitating a new understanding towards representative democracy

The Universality of Administrative Ethics Studies? Key Contrasts Between Korea and the United States

( Im Tobin ) 한국행정학회 2013 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-

The research conveyed in this paper aims to contribute indigenization of sub-topics and concepts of administrative ethics in the Korean academic field. Furthermore, it will point out that Western concepts of administrative ethics were brought in carelessly when rules and laws against unethical behaviors in the Korean administrative context are almost nonexistent. This brings out research conclusions that are unfit for the Korean context if we continue to rely on American cases of administrative ethics, just as the indigenization of Korean public administration failed to fully develop by relying only on western cases.