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( Muhammad Aslam Ali ),( Ju Hwan Oh ),( Pil Joo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Fly ash, a by-product of the coal-burning industry, and a potential source of ferro-aluminosilicate minerals, which contains high amount of ferric oxide and manganese oxide (electron acceptors), was selected as soil amendment for reducing methane (CH4) emission during rice cultivation. The fly ash was applied into potted soils at the rate of 0, 2, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1 before rice transplanting. CH4 flux from the potted soil with rice plants was measured along with soil Eh and floodwater pH during the cropping season. CH4 emission rates measured by closed chamber method decreased gradually with the increasing levels of fly ash applied, but rice yield significantly increased up to 10 Mg ha-1 application level of the amendment. At this amendment level, total seasonal CH4 emission was decreased by 20% along with 17% rice grain yield increment over the control. The decrease in total CH4 emission may be attributed due to suppression of CH4 production by the high content of active and free iron, and manganese oxides, which acted as oxidizing agents as well as electron acceptors. In conclusion, fly ash could be considered as a feasible soil amendment for reducing total seasonal CH4 emissions as well as maintaining higher grain yield potential under optimum soil nutrients balance condition.
Suppression of Methane Emission from Rice Paddy Soils with Fly ash Amendment
Ali, Muhammad Aslam,Oh, Ju-Hwan,Kim, Pil-Joo The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Fly ash, a by-product of the coal-burning industry, and a potential source of ferro-alumino-silicate minerals, which contains high amount of ferric oxide and manganese oxide (electron acceptors), was selected as soil amendment for reducing methane $(CH_4)$ emission during rice cultivation. The fly ash was applied into potted soils at the rate of 0, 2, 10, and 20 Mg $ha^{-1}$ before rice transplanting. $CH_4$ flux from the potted soil with rice plants was measured along with soil Eh and floodwater pH during the cropping season. $CH_4$ emission rates measured by closed chamber method decreased gradually with the increasing levels of fly ash applied but rice yield significantly increased up to 10 Mg $ha^{-1}$ application level of the amendment. At this amendment level, total seasonal $CH_4$ emission was decreased by 20% along with 17% rice grain yield increment over the control. The decrease in total $CH_4$ emission may be attributed due to suppression of $CH_4$ production by the high content of active and free iron, and manganese oxides, which acted as oxidizing agents as well as electron acceptors. In conclusion fly ash could be considered as a feasible soil amendment for reducing total seasonal $CH_4$ emissions as well as maintaining higher grain yield potential under optimum soil nutrients balance condition.
Ali, Muhammad Aslam,Lee, Chang Hoon,Lee, Yong Bok,Kim, Pil Joo Elsevier 2009 Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol.132 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Agricultural practices mostly influence methane (CH<SUB>4</SUB>) emissions from rice field, which must be controlled for maintaining the ecosystem balance. No-tillage farming with chemical amendments having electron acceptors could be an effective mitigation strategy in CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions from irrigated rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.) field. An experiment was conducted in Korean paddy field under tillage and no-tillage farming practices with silicate iron slag amendments (1–4Mgha<SUP>−1</SUP>) for suppressing CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions and maintaining rice productivity. It was found that CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions from the no-tillage rice field significantly decreased as compared to that of tilled field, irrespective of silicate amendments. The total seasonal CH<SUB>4</SUB> flux from the control tillage and control no-tillage plots were recorded 38.1 and 27.9gm<SUP>−2</SUP>, respectively, which were decreased by 20% and 36% with 4Mgha<SUP>−1</SUP> silicate amendment. Silicate fertilization (4Mgha<SUP>−1</SUP>) with no-tillage system decreased total seasonal CH<SUB>4</SUB> flux by 54% as compared to that of control tillage plot. This is most likely due to the higher concentrations of active iron and free iron oxides in the no-tilled rice field as compared to that of tilled field under silicate fertilization, which acted as electron acceptors and contributed to decrease CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission. In addition, the improved soil porosity and redox potential, rice plant growth parameters such as active tillering rate, root volume and porosity, etc. in combination increased the rhizosphere oxygen concentrations and eventually suppressed CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission during the rice growing season. The leaf photosynthetic rate was significantly increased with 4Mgha<SUP>−1</SUP> silicate amendment, which ultimately increased grain yield by 18% and 13% in the tilled and no-tilled rice field, respectively. CH<SUB>4</SUB> flux showed a strong positive correlation with the availability of soil organic carbon, while there were negative correlations with soil porosity, soil pH, soil Eh, and the content of active iron and free iron oxides in soil.</P>
Suppression of Methane Emission from Rice Paddy Soils with Fly ash Amendment
Muhammad Aslam Ali,Ju Hwan Oh,김필주 한국환경농학회 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.2
Fly ash, a by-product of the coal-burning industry, and a potential source of ferro-alumino- silicate minerals, which contains high amount of ferric oxide and manganese oxide (electron acceptors), was selected as soil amendment for reducing methane (CH4) emission during rice cultivation. The fly ash was applied into potted soils at the rate of 0, 2, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1 before rice transplanting. CH4 flux from the potted soil with rice plants was measured along with soil Eh and floodwater pH during the cropping season. CH4 emission rates measured by closed chamber method decreased gradually with the increasing levels of fly ash applied, but rice yield significantly increased up to 10 Mg ha-1 application level of the amendment. At this amendment level, total seasonal CH4 emission was decreased by 20% along with 17% rice grain yield increment over the control. The decrease in total CH4 emission may be attributed due to suppression of CH4 production by the high content of active and free iron, and manganese oxides, which acted as oxidizing agents as well as electron acceptors. In conclusion, fly ash could be considered as a feasible soil amendment for reducing total seasonal CH4 emissions as well as maintaining higher grain yield potential under optimum soil nutrients balance condition.
Coconut shell waste as an alternative lightweight aggregate in concrete- A review
Muhammad ,Aslam,Waqas, Aziz,M. Jahanzaib, Khalil,M. Jahanzaib, Ali,Muhammad, Raheel,Aayzaz, Ahmed,Muhammad Fahad, Ejaz Techno-Press 2022 Advances in materials research Vol.11 No.4
This review article highlights the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of coconut shells, and the fresh and hardened properties of the coconut shell concrete are summarized and were compared with other types of aggregates. Furthermore, the structural behavior in terms of flexural, shear, and torsion was also highlighted, with other properties including shrinkage, elastic modulus, and permeability of the coconut shell concrete. Based on the reviewed literature, concrete containing coconut shell as coarse aggregate with normal sand as fine showed the 28-day compressive strength between 2 and 36 MPa with the dried density range of 1865 to 2300 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Coconut shell concretes showed a 28-day modulus of rupture and splitting tensile strength values in the ranges of 2.59 to 8.45 MPa and 0.8 to 3.70 MPa, respectively, and these values were in the range of 5-20% of the compressive strength. The flexural behavior of CSC was found similar to other types of lightweight concrete. There were no horizontal cracks on beams which indicate no bond failure. Whereas, the diagonal shear failure was prominent in beams with no shear reinforcements while flexural failure mode was seen in beams having shear reinforcement. Under torsion, CSC beams behave like conventional concrete. Finally, future recommendations are also suggested in this study to investigate the innovative lightweight aggregate concrete based on the environmental and financial design factors.