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Takashi Abe(Takashi Abe ),Jeremy P. Loenneke(Jeremy P. Loenneke ) 사피엔시아 2021 Exercise Medicine Vol.5 No.-
Objectives: To maintain proper development, it is recommended that children/adolescents focus more on increasing physical activity than dietary restriction when treating obesity. In other words, adults are better able to tolerate the reductions in fat-free body mass that often occur when trying to lose fat mass. In contrast, children and adolescents should avoid losses in fat-free mass in order to ensure proper development. Therefore, when trying to reduce visceral fat in children via a negative energy balance (i.e., exercise with or without calorie restriction), it is necessary to set desirable conditions in order to minimize the loss of fat-free mass. To determine whether this is possible, we reviewed literature discussing the relationship between changes in visceral fat obtained by abdominal imaging and changes in total body fat and fat-free mass after exercise training with and without calorie restriction in children and adolescents. Methods: Literature review. Results and Conclusions: Previous work found no reduction in fat-free mass in the exercise interventions in which there was no dietary-induced calorie restriction. This supports the idea that reducing visceral fat by increasing physical activity is the preferred strategy over dietary restriction in children and adolescents. Although factors such as the type (e.g. aerobic and/or resistance) of exercise and the amount (i.e. energy expenditure) of exercise will likely have an effect on the magnitude of change in intra-abdominal visceral fat, the quantity of each that is needed without reducing fat-free mass is currently unknown.
Chang, P.,Abe, K.,Abe, K.,Abe, T.,Aihara, H.,Asano, Y.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Aziz, T.,Bahinipati, S.,Bakich, A.M.,Ban, Y.,Bay, A.,Bedny, I.,Bitenc, U.,Bizjak, I.,Bondar, A.,Bozek, A.,Brač,ko, Elsevier 2004 Physics letters: B Vol.599 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We report the observation of <SUP>B0</SUP> decays to the <SUP>K+</SUP><SUP>π−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP> final state using a data sample of 78 fb<SUP>−1</SUP> collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> collider. With no assumptions about intermediate states in the decay, the branching fraction is measured to be (36.6−4.3+4.2±3.0)×<SUP>10−6</SUP>. We also search for <I>B</I> decays to intermediate two-body states with the same <SUP>K+</SUP><SUP>π−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP> final state. Significant <I>B</I> signals are observed in the ρ<SUP>(770)−</SUP><SUP>K+</SUP> and <SUP>K*</SUP><SUP>(892)+</SUP><SUP>π−</SUP> channels, with branching fractions of (15.1−3.3−1.5−2.1+3.4+1.4+2.0)×<SUP>10−6</SUP> and (14.8−4.4−1.0−0.9+4.6+1.5+2.4)×<SUP>10−6</SUP>, respectively. The first error is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is due to the largest possible interference. Contributions from other possible two-body states will be discussed. No <I>CP</I> asymmetry is found in the inclusive <SUP>K+</SUP><SUP>π−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP> or <SUP>ρ−</SUP><SUP>K+</SUP> modes, and we set 90% confidence level bounds on the asymmetry of −0.12<<SUB>ACP</SUB><0.26 and −0.18<<SUB>ACP</SUB><0.64, respectively.</P>
Ahmed K. Abed,Riyadh Mansoor,Ali K. Abed 한국통신학회 2022 ICT Express Vol.8 No.1
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the best choice for wireless and wired high data rate communications. The OFDM system has many advantages such as high spectral efficiency, robustness to channel fading, and immunity to impulse interference. However, it has a main drawback, which is the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Selecting Mapping (SLM) and Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) are the two essential techniques for reducing the PAPR; however, they need to send side information to indicate how the transmitter generates signals. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based dummy sub-carriers are inserted with the data to reduce PAPR without transmitting side information. The incorporation of PSO-based Dummy Sub-carriers Insertion (DSI) method on this system is performed by measuring the PAPR at the IFFT output (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) after adding 6 adaptive sub-carrier sequences to the input data of IFFT. The PSO-based dummy algorithm decides to send the data once the PAPR of this data sequence and dummy sub-carrier is under a specific threshold. Using MATLAB as a mathematical simulation tool, simulation results are presented for a standard OFDM network model. The network model has been simulated in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel environment to investigate PAPR and Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance. The simulation results show that the dummy sequence based on PSO reduces PAPR down to 4 dB compared to a conventional OFDM system and down to 3 dB compared with the clipping technique for the same BER performance.
Wang, M.-Z.,Abe, K.,Abe, K.,Abe, T.,Adachi, I.,Aihara, H.,Asano, Y.,Aso, T.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Bakich, A. M.,Bay, A.,Bizjak, I.,Bondar, A.,Bozek, A.,Brač,ko, M.,Browder, T. E.,Chang, M.-C. American Physical Society 2004 Physical Review Letters Vol.92 No.13
<P>We report the first observation of a b-->u type charmless baryonic B decay, B+-->pppi(+), as well as b-->s type B0-->ppK0 and B+-->ppK(*+) decays. The analysis is based on a 78 fb(-1) data sample recorded on the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at KEKB. We find B(B+-->pppi(+))=(3.06(+0.73)(-0.62)+/-0.37)x10(-6), B(B0-->ppK0)=(1.88(+0.77)(-0.60)+/-0.23)x10(-6), and B(B+-->ppK(*+))=(10.3(+3.6+1.3)(-2.8-1.7))x10(-6). We also update B(B+-->ppK+)=(5.66(+0.67)(-0.57)+/-0.62)x10(-6) and present an upper limit on B(B0-->ppK(*0)) at the 90% confidence level. A common feature of the observed decay modes is threshold peaking in baryon pair invariant mass.</P>
Abe, Takao The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 1999 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.9 No.4
The thermal distributions near the growth interface of 150nm CZ crystals were measured by three thermocouples installed at the center, middle (half radius) and edge (10nm from surface) of the crystals. The results show that larger growth rates produced smaller thermal gradients. This contradicts the widely used heat flux balance equation. Using this fact, it is confirmed in CZ crystals that the type of point defects created is determined by the value of the thermal gradient(G) near the interface during growth, as already reported for FZ crystals. Although depending on the growth systems the effective length of the thermal gradient for defect generation are varied, we defined the effective length as 10n,\m from th interface in this experiment. If the G is roughly smaller than 20C/cm, vacancy rich CZ crystals are produced. If G is larger than 25C/cm, the species of point defects changes dramatically from vacancies to interstitials. The experimental results after detaching FZ and CZ crystals from the melt show that growth interfaces are filled with vacancies. We propose that large G produces shrunk lattice spacing and in order to relax such lattice excess interstitials are necessary. Such interstitials recombine with vacancies which were generated at the growth interface, nest occupy interstitial sites and residuals aggregate themselves to make stacking faults and dislocation loops during cooling. The shape of the growth interface is also determined by te distributions of G across the interface. That is, the small G and the large G in the center induce concave and convex interfaces to the melts, respectively.
Test of Lorentz invariance with atmospheric neutrinos
Abe, K.,Haga, Y.,Hayato, Y.,Ikeda, M.,Iyogi, K.,Kameda, J.,Kishimoto, Y.,Miura, M.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Nakano, Y.,Nakayama, S.,Sekiya, H.,Shiozawa, M.,Suzuki, Y.,Takeda, A.,Tanaka, H.,Tomura, T. American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.91 No.5
Operator analysis of physical states on magnetized <sup> T 2 </sup> / <sub> Z N </sub> orbifolds
Abe, Tomo-hiro,Fujimoto, Yukihiro,Kobayashi, Tatsuo,Miura, Takashi,Nishiwaki, Kenji,Sakamoto, Makoto Elsevier 2015 Nuclear physics, B Vol.890 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We discuss an effective way for analyzing the system on the magnetized twisted orbifolds in operator formalism, especially in the complicated cases <SUP> T 2 </SUP> / <SUB> Z 3 </SUB> , <SUP> T 2 </SUP> / <SUB> Z 4 </SUB> and <SUP> T 2 </SUP> / <SUB> Z 6 </SUB> . We can obtain the exact and analytical results which can be applicable for any larger values of the quantized magnetic flux <I>M</I>, and show that the (non-diagonalized) kinetic terms are generated via our formalism and the number of the surviving physical states are calculable in a rigorous manner by simply following usual procedures in linear algebra in any case. Our approach is very powerful when we try to examine properties of the physical states on (complicated) magnetized orbifolds <SUP> T 2 </SUP> / <SUB> Z 3 </SUB> , <SUP> T 2 </SUP> / <SUB> Z 4 </SUB> , <SUP> T 2 </SUP> / <SUB> Z 6 </SUB> (and would be in other cases on higher-dimensional torus) and could be an essential tool for actual realistic model construction based on these geometries. (Note: This article is registered under preprint number: arXiv:1409.5421.)</P>