무음향실내에서의 정상 청력자의 이명에 대한 고찰

황보근,김영진,윤창배,조태환,성창섭 대한이비인후과학회 1993 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.36 No.4

고대영어의 복합어

황보근 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 1993 人文科學硏究 Vol.11 No.-

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the compounds of Old English and to provide data in determining the word-order patterns of Old English. The OE compounds are carefully chosen from An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary edited and enlarged by T. N. Toller and classified as follows. according to the parts of speech. ___________________________________________________________ Noun Adgective Adverb Verb Total ___________________________________________________________ 3725 571 7 233 4536 __________________________________________________________ 82.12% 12.59% 0.15% 5.14% 100% ___________________________________________________________ The semantic structure of the OE compounds are classified as following: __________________________________________________________________________ SV VS OV VO Nod+H H+Mod Misc __________________________________________________________________________ None 117 9 428 31 2537 23 - __________________________________________________________________________ Adjective 11 2 76 - 435 47 - __________________________________________________________________________ Verb - - 48 - - 159 26 __________________________________________________________________________ Total 128 11 552 31 2972 229 26 ___________________________________________________________________________ % 92.09 7.9 94.68 5.32 92.10 7.10 0.80 ___________________________________________________________________________ It is widely accepted among scholars that the basic worder-order pattern of OE is SOV and it changes into SVO towards the end of Old English period. This hypothesis could be confirmed by the analysis of the syntatic and semantic structures of the OE compounds.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle의 어순연구 : Parker 및 Peterborough본을 중심으로

황보근 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 1988 人文科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The main purpose of this paper is to describe synchronic word-order types of the Parker and the Peterborough manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and to explain diachronic word-order changes. The manuscripts were divided, according not to the syntactic characteristics of the sentences analyzed but to the compilers, into four sections: (Ⅰ) 878∼891, (Ⅱ) 925∼955, 971∼1001, (Ⅲ)1122∼1131 and (Ⅳ) 1132∼1154. The sentences in each entry year were analyzed and counted on the basis of three clause types: main, subordinate and relative. The number of clause types in the sections of the ASC is as follows: Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Main Clauses 113 65 329 249 Subordinate Clauses 13 7 109 81 Relative Clauses 28 7 66 28 Description of the word-order types led to the following conclusions: 1) The dominant word-order types in the main clause are SVX, SXV and X°VS. The frequency of SVX constantly increases from Section Ⅱ through Section Ⅳ. This type tends to have the topical or the semi-topical subject and to be used as the new information sentence conjoined with the preceding X°VS type. The SXV has the topical nominal or pronominal subject, and the pre-verbal X is mostly pronominal. The high frequency of X°VS in Section Ⅰ is due to its use as "the new event order" though it has the topical subject. The decrease in both SXV and X°VS is relatively constant. 2) In the subordinate and relative clauses SXV, SVX are the two dominant orders in Section Ⅰ. But from Section Ⅱ though Section Ⅳ the decrease in SXV is constant, and is coincident with the decrease in the main clause. The reason is to be explained by the hyphothesis that the order of elements in dependent clauses will be changed by analogy to the order of elements in independent clauses.

Tough-Movement

黃保根 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 1982 人文科學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

Tough-Movement, as a transformational rule, clearly exists in English. It applies to limited construction which have as predicates adjectives like hard, tough, easy, difficult, etc. and nouns including breeze, cinch, snap and a number of more obscene expressions. The operation of it is that this rule extracts a nonsubject NP out of an extraposed complement and moves it into the position of the higher clause. Three different hypotheses are proposed for deriving sentences like "Tony is difficult for me to persuade." The Phrase Structure Hypothesis is inadequate as a linguistic theory because it fails to capture the linguistic intuition of a native speaker, and violates the principle of economy. The Coreferential NP Deletion Hypothesis also fails to explain the difference in meaning of the surface structure derived from the same underlying one. Its inadequacy is proved by the fact that the subject NP of the higher clause does not exist within the underlying structure but is derived from the application of a transformational rule. The raising Hypothesis turus out to be the best as a linguistic theory, since it not only captures the linguistic intuition of a native speaker but also explains the problems the former two can not. Tough-Movement is subject to many restrictions, selectional and syntactic. This rule operates within the domain of Postal's Cross-over Constraints and Ross's Pied Piping Convention.

고대영어의 수동구조

黃保根 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 1986 人文科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

A structural description of passive constructions in Old English is the primary purpose of this paper. In other words, it can fairy be said to be the preliminary stage for further studies on syntactic changes in English, since diachrony must be studied on the basis of patterned synchronic data. The structural description of passives in Old English, unlike that in Modern English, is not an easy task. Major obstacles are: passives in OE have few corresponding actives, and the analysis performed only on literature-written language-not on spoken one. However, the following can be classified, as the three major patterns of OE passive constructions, by the analysis of them in Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, Alfred’s Pastoral Care, and several primary OE texts available: 1. NP hatan NP beon/wesan NP 2. NP{ weorpan }+PP (Prep) {AP} (Prep+NP) beon/wesan 3. NP weorpan +PP NP (Prep +NP) Except for the Tppe 1, the passive auxiliaries used in OE are beon, wesan and weorpan, and their semantic functions are different in the early OE period. Later they came to be used interchangibly as the original meaning of weorpan disappeared. The identification of the semantic functions of prepositions in agentive adjuncts is grueling. The reason is the agentive adjuncts can be viewed as ‘principle agents’, ‘medium’, ‘means’, ‘cause’, ‘reason’, or ‘instrumentality’according to modern interpretation. The preposition used before agent NPs in Oe are : at, by/be, fram/from, mid, of, purh, etc.

Word-order patterns of old english version of letter of alexander the great to aristotle /

황보근 대구대학교 인문과학연구소, 2003 人文科學硏究 Vol.26 No.-

고대영어의 관계사 (Ⅰ)

황보근 대구대학교 외국어교육연구소 1986 외국어교육연구 Vol.1 No.-

영어 쓰기능력 함양을 위한 교수-학습 방법 제안 : 자기주도적 학습활동을 통하여

황보근,전병락 대구대학교 인문과학 예술문화연구소 2003 人文科學硏究 Vol.25 No.-

The ultimate object in English education is to cultivate the communicative competence. Spoken English has been put great emphasis on, while the writing skill of English has been mostly neglected. The purpose of this study is to help middle students develop and improve their English writing skill through self-directed learning activities by students themselves, presenting them various effective teaching and learning techniques. The analytical results of the hypotheses indicated the following conclusions: First, in improving writing skill in English, continuous writing activities by the self-directed learning method are more effective than the traditional one. Second, the experimental method has a positive transitional effect on improvement of the students' general English proficiency because it has beneficial effects upon other skills as well. Lastly, the continuous writing activities by the self-directed learning method made affirmative changes in the students' attitude towards and increased their interest in English more than by the traditional method.

영어 교과서에 기술된 문법구조 유형 비교 연구 : 중학교 3학년 교과서를 중심으로

황보근,김정연 大邱大學校 師範大學 附設 敎育硏究所 2010 學校敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyse the grammatical contents in middle school English textbooks for finding an effective way of grammar instruction to improve communicative ability. For this purpose, five sets of middle school English textbooks, which are authorized by the Ministry of Education according to the 7th Curriculum, were analysed. The results of this analysis are as follows : First, grammar items were presented in separate parts in three sets of textbooks and in the other textbooks, they were presented in various activities to improve communicative competence such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening skill. Second, three sets of textbooks, which grammar items were presented systematically, did not show them in situations or contexts but in simple pattern practices. So, this may lead the learners to concentrate upon mechanical learning of grammatical rules. In two sets of textbooks, grammar items were not presented systematically but, grammar learning can be made meaningful by language form being embedded in contexts. Third, the presentational method of these textbook's language forms is deductive. Currently, the inductive method, which gives students a chance to discover within a context, is preferred, and has proven to be more successful. The fundamental purpose of language is communication and, English education also aims to this. If what we said is ungrammatical, though we can speak English fluently, it's not sufficient to accurate communication. Communicative competence means the ability to speak in target language both fluently and accurately. Grammar is important, if not absolutely essential for improving communicative competence. Therefore, as one competent of communicative competence, grammar is no longer taught in isolation but in relation to reading, listening, writing in one lesson. Communicative activities suitable for a Korean classroom environment should be developed and teachers should provide students with an effective and meaningful grammar instruction. 진정한 의미의 의사소통 능력이란 정확성과 유창성을 겸하는 것이어야 한다. 따라서 언어 교육은 유 창성과 정확성 중 어느 하나만을 선택하여 획득하는 것이 아니라 둘 다를 목표로 하여야 한다. 유창성 과 정확성을 동시에 겸한 진정한 의미의 의사소통 능력을 위해서 문법 능력은 필수라는 것이 많은 연구를 통해 증명되면서 의사소통 능력 향상을 위한 효과적인 문법 교육이 영어 교육의 중요한 이슈가 되었다. 이제는 문법을 가르쳐야 하는가 아닌가 하는 문제가 아니라 의사소통 중심 영어 수업에서 문법 의 역할은 무엇인가, 좀 더 구체적으로 우리나라 교육 현실에 맞추어 어떻게 무엇을 얼마나 가르쳐야 하는가가 논의의 대상이 된 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 의사소통 능력을 향상시키기 위한 효과적인 문법 교육의 방향을 알아보기 위하여 영어 교육의 가장 기본적인 언어 자료인 영어 교과서에서 문법이 차지하는 비중과 문법 내용, 그리고 문법내용의 제시 방법에 대해 연구하고자 한다.

사이버전 리더십 스타일에 대한 연구 -리더십패러다임과 KSA의 유효성을 중심으로-

황보근,이완희 한국범죄심리학회 2020 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.16 No.4

Cyber ​​warfare is a new type of 5th generation battlefield. Cyber ​​warriors battle with invisible battlefields, enemies, and achievements. Leadership styles suitable for them are needed, and cyber warriors should be deployed and utilized in the right places by finding out their leadership style. To do this, it is necessary to be able to grasp diversified leadership styles, various performance indicators, and even characteristics. It is necessary to connect with other disciplines in order to find leadership that fits this organizational characteristic, where the subordinates know more than the leader and must be more professional. For this reason, through the leadership paradigm theory used in organizational and psychology fields and KSA (knowledge, skill, ability) in the field of core competencies, we tried to find a leadership style suitable for cyber warfare or the organization. The study, targeting 119 cyber warfare experts, confirmed the influence of organizational commitment as an independent variable in the leadership paradigm, confirmed the influence of KSA's organizational commitment, and finally, confirmed the mediating effect of KSA. It was confirmed that there was no influence and mediating effect of KSA. However, since the reliability and validity of the measurement tools used in the study were significantly verified, it could be used as a tool to measure the leadership style of organizations and individuals, the level of KSA, and the level of engagement. For the analysis, SPSS 21.0 was used for confirmation factor analysis and AMOS 23.0.0. The limitation of this study is the lack of meaningful research results due to the limitations of the sample, and it is determined that research on the organizational structure and culture suitable for cyber warfare is necessary through research that considers the cyber warfare environment. 사이버전은 새로운 형태의 5세대 전장이다. 사이버전사는 보이지 않는 전장, 적, 성과를 가지고 전투를 수행한다. 이들에 적합한 리더십 스타일이 필요하며, 이들의 리더십 스타일을 찾아내어 적재적소에 사이버전사를 배치하여 활용하여야 한다. 그러기 위해 다원화된 리더십 스타일과 다양한 성과지표, 그리고 특성까지 파악할 수 있어야 한다. 부하가 리더보다 더 많은 것을 알고 더 전문적일 수 밖에 없는 이러한 조직특성에 맞는 리더십을 찾기 위해서는 다른 학문과의 연계가 필요하다. 이러한 이유로 조직학과 심리학 분야에서 사용하는 리더십 패러다임이론과 핵심역량분야의 KSA(knowledge, skill, ability)를 통하여 사이버전 또는 해당 조직에 적합한 리더십 스타일을 찾아보고자 하였다. 연구는 사이버전 전문가 119명을 대상으로 하여 리더십패러다임을 독립변수로 조직몰입도의 영향력을 확인하고 KSA의 조직몰입도의 영향력을 확인하고 마지막으로 KSA의 매개효과 대해서 확인하여 상징적리더십패러다임이 영향력이 있으며, KSA의 영향력과 매개효과는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 연구에 사용한 측정도구에 대한 신뢰도와 타당도가 유의미하게 검증되어 이를 통하여 조직 및 개인의 리더십 스타일, KSA의 수준, 몰입도 수준을 측정할 수 있는 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 분석은 SPSS 21.0을 확인적요인분석 등과 AMOS 23.0.0 사용하였다. 표본의 한계로 인하여 유의미한 연구결과가 부족하였던 점이 연구의 한계이며, 앞으로 사이버전 환경을 고려한 연구를 통하여 사이버전에 적합한 조직구조, 문화 등의 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.