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Pulsed-UV 시스템을 이용한 염소계 유기화합물 및 화약류 제거에 관한 연구
이한욱,한종훈,윤여민,이종열,허남국,Lee, Han-Uk,Han, Jonghun,Yoon, Yeomin,Lee, Jongyeol,Her, Namguk 한국지하수토양환경학회 2013 지하수토양환경 Vol.18 No.1
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the removal process for long-term contamination sources including chlorinated hydrocarbons (TCE and PCE) and explosive compounds (TNT, RDX, and HMX) in underground water using a pulsed-UV system. Crystallized cells containing the contaminants were placed 10, 20, and 40 cm away from a lamp that emits pulsed-UV rays in order to examine how the removal efficiency is influenced by the distance between the source of the light and the compounds. Chlorinated hydrocarbons were completely removed in 30 minutes with a distance of 10 cm, while PCE was completely removed even with a distance of 20 cm. In the case of explosive compounds, removal efficiencies slightly varied depending on the compounds. The majority of the compounds were perfectly removed with a contact time of 10 minutes. In particular, for RDX, the results showed that complete removal was obtained within one minute, regardless of the distance from the UV source. The amount of light energy is in inverse proportion to the distance, and thus the energy reaching the compounds severely diminishes as the distance increases. Therefore, the removal efficiency decreased with increasing distance in the system.
효율적인 2-Methylisoborneol, Geosmin의 제거를 위한 Pulsed UV 공정과 Ultrasound 공정의 비교 연구
한종훈,허지용,김강욱,이준영,박원석,이종열,허남국,Han, Jonghun,Hur, Jiyong,Kim, Kangwook,Lee, Junyoung,Park, Wonseok,Lee, Jongyeol,Her, Namguk 한국지하수토양환경학회 2015 지하수토양환경 Vol.20 No.4
The degradation of off-flavors which is 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin by means of ultrasound (US) and pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) irradiation and its combination with catalyst (wire mesh, wire mesh coated TiO<sub>2</sub>, and TiO<sub>2</sub>) and additive (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) were investigated via water system. A combination treatment of TiO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> heterogeneity with US (24 kHz) and PUV (6000 W) has shown improved results in destroying 2-MIB and geosmin, which may be attributed to chain reactions by the enhanced formation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dissociation and reactive oxide ions of TiO<sub>2</sub> addition. Rapid degradation of off-flavors occurred within 2 min under PUV process with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 100 mg/L (81.5% for 2- MIB; 79.3% for geosmin) and TiO<sub>2</sub> 100 mg/L (83.7% for 2-MIB; 79.8% for geosmin), while compared with H2O2 100 mg/L (58.4% for 2-MIB; 58.0% for geosmin) and TiO<sub>2</sub> 100 mg/L (59.2% for 2-MIB; 38.5% for geosmin) within 5 min under US process. Surprisingly, the emphasis was given on the comparison with the same injected energies between PUV and US on degradation efficiency. Based on the injected energy comparison, the US provided better degradation performance under equal input power of 200 kJ with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 100 mg/L, while compared with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 100 mg/L under PUV process. Our findings suggest that US can be more effective compared to PUV for the degradation of off-flavors in aspect of energy consumptions.
Pulsed UV를 이용한 CSOs 소독시 반사체에 따른 처리효율 연구
한종훈,허지용,김강욱,이준영,박원석,이종열,허남국,Han, Jonghun,Hur, Jiyong,Kim, Kangwook,Lee, Junyoung,Park, Wonseok,Lee, Jongyeol,Her, Namguk 한국지하수토양환경학회 2015 지하수토양환경 Vol.20 No.1
This study examined the disinfection in combined sewer overflows (CSOs) by pulsed ultraviolet (PUV). The reflectors (stainless steel. mirror, aluminium foil, aluminium (1050), aluminium (6061), aluminium (5052), and aluminium mirror) of PUV irradiation was performed in a 90 L stainless reactor at a constant temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and an applied power of 4000 W. The reflection efficiency of reflectors were showed 1.00 (aluminium mirror) ~ 1.48 (aluminium foil) does. The case of a rough surface analysis using SEM showed high reflectance, was the case of a smooth surface and a low reflectivity. Pseudo first-order rate constant calculated results, has a higher reflectivity values were more than twice as high compared to the low reflectivity. Affected Total coliforms disinfection time, depending on the type of reflector is considered.
지표수 조건의 나노여과공정에서 파울링 및 스케일링이 화약류 물질 잔류에 미치는 영향 연구
허지용(Jiyong Heo),한종훈(Jonghun Han),이희범(Heebum Lee),이종열(Jongyeol Lee),허남국(Namguk Her) 한국지반환경공학회 2015 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4
나노여과공정에서 폭발 오염물질인 TNT(2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene), RDX(Hexahydro- 1, 3, 5- trinitro- 1, 3, 5- triazine) 및 HMX(1, 3, 5, 7-Tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocane) 화약류의 잔류에 용존유기물의 오염과 무기물의 스케일링에 의한 케익층 형성 및 농도분극의 영향성을 분석하였다. 지표수 조건의 휴믹산 농도에 의한 나노여과공정에서는 용존유기물에 의한 나노여과막 오염이 발생되어도 플럭스의 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 휴믹산과 무기 스케일링이 동시에 발생되었을 경우에는 나노여과공정에서 플럭스의 감소가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 휴믹산과 Ca₃(PO₄)₂을 혼합하였을 때 플럭스 투과량이 42% 감소하였고 휴믹산만 첨가하였을 경우에 플럭스 투과량은 8% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 NF 막의 Ca₃(PO₄)₂ 스켈턴트 결정과 용존유기물이 칼슘(Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>)이온의 상호작용에 의해 막 표면에 증강된 케익층을 형성하여 NF 막의 플럭스를 감소시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 막의 크기배제에 의한 선택성을 기반으로 하여 폭발물의 나노여과막에 의한 잔류량을 조사할 경우 HMX(296.15, 83%) ≫ RDX(222.12, 49%) ? TNT(227.13, 32%)로 나타났다. 막 오염과 스케일링은 케익층의 형성으로 막 표면에서 증대된 농도 분극효과를 나타낼 수 있으나, 무기 스케일링형성과 휴믹산에 의한 화약류의 잔류 영향성은 순수한 DI 및 NaCl 피드용액의 여과공정 결과와 크게 다르지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전량여과방식(Dead-end Flow)의 나노여과공정에서 화약류의 잔류 영향성은 임계크기에 의한 선택적 배제성이 케익층 형성 및 농도분극에 의한 잔류 영향성보다 크다는 것을 보여준다. The combined impact of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) fouling and inorganic (CaSO₄,Ca₃(PO₄)₂) scaling on the retention of TNT (2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene), RDX (Hexahydro- 1, 3, 5- trinitro- 1, 3, 5- triazine) and HMX (1, 3, 5, 7-Tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocane) explosive contaminants by nano-filtration membrane were studied, since organic fouling and salt scaling are the major limitations for membrane filtration. Results reported here indicate that DOM fouling layer with a humic acid does not necessarily lead to an immediate loss of permeate flux but can result in a severe impact on the flux loss when both humic acid and inorganic scaltants were presented simultaneously. The Ca₃(PO₄)₂ mixed with humic acid showd most sever flux loss (42%) compared to that of only humic acid presence (8%). It could be a result that the scaling formation of the NF membrane was dominated by cake layer formation of DOM and it was along with pore blocking by the formation of crystals inside the porous active matrix of the NF membrane. In addition, these results indicated that the membrane selectivity of the explosives retention trended correlated with respect to increasing explosives size (listed by MW) based on greater steric interactions and followed the order (MW, g mol<SUP>-1</SUP>; removal, %): HMX (296.15; 83%) >> RDX (222.12; 49%) ? TNT (227.13; 32%). Because the scaling and fouling layer could lead to a additional cake-enhanced concentration polarisation effect, the retention of explosives with the presence of humic acid in the feed solution and inorganic scaling formation on top of an organic fouling layer do not differ substantially retention from that of pure DI feed and NaCl solution.