한국인 시신에서 발꿈치힘줄 닿는곳의 비틀림에 따른 형태학적 분류

최윤일,김디귿,조재호,박광락,이미정,권형욱,최유진,최인석,박정현 대한체질인류학회 2023 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.36 No.3

발꿈치힘줄 (calcaneal tendon)은 장딴지근 (gastrocnemius muscle)과 가자미근 (soleus muscle)의 결합으로 형성된 인체에서 가장 길고 강한 힘줄이며, 이는곳에서부터 닿는곳으로 내려오면서 나선형으로 회전하는 비틀리는 형태이다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국인 시신을 대상으로 발꿈치힘줄의 비틀림 형태를 분류하여 한국인의 체질인류학적 특성을 제시함과 동시에 임상에 적용 가능한 해부학적 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 포르말린으로 고정된 87쪽의 발(남성 61쪽, 여성 26쪽/ 평균나이 79.0±9.3세)을 사용하였다. 발꿈치힘줄의 비틀림 분류는 닿는곳의 힘줄배열을 관찰한 Edama 등 (2016)의 분류법에 따라 3가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 1유형 (약한 비틀림)은 발꿈치힘줄 닿는곳의 앞쪽층에 가자미근힘줄만 닿는 형태, 2유형 (중간 비틀림)은 가자미근힘줄과 가쪽장딴지근힘줄이 함께 닿는 형태, 닿는 3유형 (심한 비틀림)은 가쪽장딴지근힘줄만 닿는 형태이다. 본 연구의 결과는 1유형 (약한 비틀림)이 21쪽 (24.1%), 2유형 (중간 비틀림)이 45쪽 (52.8%), 3유형 (심한 비틀림)이 21쪽 (24.1%)으로 나타났다. 발꿈치힘줄의 비틀림 유형은 성별과 다리 위치에 따라 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 한국인과 일본인에서 인구집단 간의 유형의 빈도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p=0.009). 결론적으로, 본 연구는 한국인시신의 발꿈치힘줄에서 비틀림 형태에 따른 유형을 분류하여 체질인류학적 특성을 제시하였고, 발목질환의 진단과 치료에 도움이 되는 해부학적 기초자료가 될것으로 사료된다. The calcaneal tendon is the longest and strongest tendon in the human body, formed by the gastrocnemius muscle and the soleus muscle. It is a torsion pattern that rotates spirally as it descends from the origin to the insertion. The purpose of this study is to present Korean anthropological characteristics by classifying of the calcaneal tendon according to torsion type and to provide basic data available for clinical field. 87 lower limbs (61 male, 26 female; average age 79.0±9.3 years) in a 10% formalin mixture were used. Torsion of the calcaneal tendon was classified into three types according to Edama et al’s classification (2016) in the Japanese. Type 1 (least torsion) is to attach only the soleus muscle at the anterior aspect where the insertion of the calcaneal tendon, Type 2 (moderate torsion) is to attach soleus muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, Type 3 (extreme torsion) is to attach only the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. As a result, Type 1 (least torsion) was found 21 (24.1%) lower limbs, type 2 (moderate torsion) was found 45 (52.8%) lower limbs, type 3 (extreme torsion) was found 21 (24.1%) lower limbs. There was no difference in the type of calcaneal tendon torsion according to gender and body side, and there was a significant different between the Korean and Japanese (p=0.009). In conclusion, this study would provide basic anthropological data of calcaneal tendon by classifying into three torsion types in the Korean.

Temperature Dependence of Initial Passivity Breakdown of AZ61 and AZ91D Mg Alloys in 0.1 M NaCl Solution

최윤일,Kensuke Kuroda,MasazumiOkido 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.5

The effects of solution temperature on the initial corrosion characteristics of wrought AZ61 and die-cast AZ91D Mg alloys in 0.1M NaCl were analyzed. Systematic studies indicate that AZ91D exhibits higher corrosion resistance than AZ61 at room temperature. However, at high temperatures of around 55 °C, we observed contradictory corrosion behavior, as demonstrated by cyclic corrosion tests and electrochemical tests including potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic polarization, and elecrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As a result, AZ61 rather showed higher corrosion resistance from the point of view of pit initiation during the immersion at 55 °C resulting from the strengthening of surface passivation. These results can be attributed to the microstructure of AZ61 which contains sub-micron scale β-phase particles dispersed effectively within the α-Mg grains whereas AZ91D has many α-Mg that do not containing any β-phases.

韓國語 複數標識 ‘들’에 對한 考察 - 依存名詞 ‘들’을 中心으로 -

최윤 한국어문교육연구회 2018 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.46 No.4

최윤, 2018. 한국어 복수표지 ‘들’에 대한 고찰, 어문연구, 180 : 91~117 한국어 복수표지 ‘들’은 그 문법적․의미적 위치가 명확히 규명되지 않았다. 본 논의의 최종 목표는 복수표지 ‘들’을 일관된 시각으로 조망하여 그 활용과 의미 기능을 명확하게 이해할 수 있는 타당한 기준을 마련하는 데에 있으며 이번 논의에서는 그 첫 번째 시도로서 의존명사로 활용되는 ‘들’의 활용과 의미 기능을 고찰하였다. 논의의 결과, 현재 의존명사로 분류되어 있는 ‘들’은 접사나 보조사가 아닌 의존명사로 분류하는 것이 타당함을 확인하였다. 또한 의존명사 ‘들’이 선행 명사군을 하나의 무리로 묶어 집단성을 강조한다는 사실과 단수의 명사군과 통합의 제약이 있음을 확인하였다. 의존명사 ‘들’의 이러한 특징은 모두 ‘들’의 복수성에 의한 것으로 볼 수 있으며 ‘복수성’이야말로 복수표지 ‘들’을 이해하는 가장 중요한 의미 기능이라는 것을 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 앞으로 접사 ‘들’과 보조사 ‘들’의 의미 기능과 활용 양상을 종합하면 ‘들’의 문법적․의미적 위치를 보다 명확히 파악할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. The grammatical and semantic position of Korean plural particle “deul” has not been clearly determined. The purpose of the current study is to examine the plural particle “deul” with a consistent point of view and finally to set reasonable criteria that help understand its usage and semantic function clearly. In this study, as an attempt to achieve its purpose, the usage and semantic function of “deul” that is utilized as a bound noun has been discussed. As a result of discussion, it is found that the particle “deul” that is currently classified as a bound noun needs to be classified as the bound noun that is neither affix nor auxiliary particle. In addition, the present study shed light on the fact that the bound noun “deul” emphasizes its collectiveness by combining preceding nouns as a group and that it contains its limitations in combining with singular nouns. All these characteristics of the bound noun “deul” can be seen to derive from its plurality which is the most significant semantic function to fully understand the plural particle “deul.” If further study explores the usage and semantic function of “deul” as both affix and auxiliary particle and integrate its outcomes with the result of the current study, it would help better understand the grammatical and semantic position of Korean plural marker “deul.”

부정 극어 '절대(로)'의 의미 고찰

최윤 우리말교육현장학회 2013 우리말교육현장연구 Vol.7 No.2

부사로 사용되는 '절대'와 '절대로'는 부정문에만 어울리는 '부정 극어' 중 하나로 여겨져 왔다. 하지만 우리는 '절대'나 '절대로'를 긍정문에서 사용하는 경우를 경험한 적이 있다. 이러한 경우 우리는 발화자 개인의 문법적 오류라고 생각하기 쉽다. 하지만 사전에서도 이러한 인식이 그대로 반영되어 기술되어 있는 것으로 볼 때 이것은 단순한 개인의 문제가 아니다. 부정 극어로 인식됨에도 불구하고 긍정문에서도 사용되는 '절대'와 '절대로'의 이중성은 공시적 의미 분석으로는 해결되지 않는다. 따라서 본 논의에서는 '절대'와 '적'의 유입과 결합관계를 밝히고 생략의 가능성을 살폈다. 또한 격조사 결합과 생략의 가능성을 같이 살펴본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, '-적'은 '절대' 등의 유입 시기와 비슷한 시기에 일본으로부터 유입되었으며 선행어기의 의미에 [경향성]의 의미 자질을 더한다. 따라서 선행된 어기가 강한 의미를 가진 명사라면 의미를 약화시켜 완곡한 표현을 가능하게 할 수 있다. 즉, 부정문은 물론 긍정문에서도 사용할 수 있다. 둘째, '절대'나 '절대적'에 '-(으)로'가 결합하여 부사로 사용될 수 있으며 이때에 '(가) 절대로'는 부정문에만 사용되며 '(다) 절대적으로'는 긍정문과 부정문에 모두 사용될 수 있었다. 셋째, '(다) 절대적으로'에서 '-적'은 생략이 가능하여 '(라) 절대로'라는 형태로 쓰일 수 있는데 이것은 부정문에만 쓰이는 '(가) 절대로'와 형태적으로 일치한다. 따라서 이 둘이 충돌하여 혼동을 유발할 수 있다. 넷째, '(라) 절대로'에서 '-로'는 수의적인 성분으로 생략이 가능하여 '(마) 절대'라는 형태로 쓰일 수 있는데 이것은 '(가) 절대로'에서 '-로'가 생략되어 부정문에만 쓰이는 '(나) 절대'와 형태적으로 일치한다. 따라서 이 둘 역시 충돌하여 혼동을 유발할 수 있다. 이상을 종합하면, '절대'나 '절대로'는 의미 구조상 두 갈래로 나누어질 수 있다. 갈래에 따라 분담하는 의미 영역이 다르지만 언어생활에서 최종 형태가 동일할 수 있기 때문에 정문과 비문의 판단에 개인차가 있는 것으로 설명할 수 있다. 또한 이러한 논의를 통하여 단어의 의미와 형태 분석을 통해 품사 전성을 설명할 수 있는 하나의 방법을 확인할 수 있었다. The usages of the adverbs '절대' and '절대로' have been regarded as negative polarity items. Nevertheless, there are several cases where the words have been used in an affirmative statement. In this case, it may be considered the speaker's grammatical error in an individual level. Despite being perceived as negative polarity items, the duplicity of the words '절대' and '절대 로' cannot be thoroughly analyzed through synchronic and semantic analysis. Thus, this study focuses on the influx and combination relation of '절대' and '적', along with the likelihood to be omitted. In addition, through examining the combination and ellipsis of case particle, a conclusion as follows was derived. Firstly, '적' was introduced from Japan along with word like '절 대' around the same time, assigning semantic features of 'tend to' and 'nature of' to the tone of word. Thus, if the tone of noun has a strong meaning, adding '적' euphemizes the overall tone. Namely, it is both used in negative and affirmative statements. Secondly, '절대' or '절대적' can combine with '-(으)로', used as an adverb, to form '(가) 절대로'. '(가) 절대로' is only used in negative statement, whereas '(다) 절대적으로' is both used in negative and affirmative statements. Thirdly, '-적' can be omitted from '(다)절대적으로' to form '(라) 절대로'. This morphologically corresponds to '(가) 절대로' which is only used in negative statement. Therefore, these two could collide, causing confusion. Fourthly, '-로' can be omitted from '(라) 절대로', as an adjunct component possible to be deleted, to form '(마) 절대'. This morphologically corresponds to '(나) 절대', formed through deletion of '-로' from '(가) 절대로'. This as well as may clash, causing confusion. To sum it up, '절대' or '절대로' can be split into two parts in regard of semantic structure. Even though each part possesses different meanings, in language of life, the final form may be identical. Thus, individual differences should be taken into account when judging whether the statement is right or wrong. Through the study of semantical meaning and morphological form of a word, the conversion of the part of speech can be explained.

파생 동사 한자어 어근의 동사성과 논항구조

최윤 중앙어문학회 2019 語文論集 Vol.80 No.-

This study aims to analyze two-syllable Chinese nouns that form the root of the verb derivative suffixes '-ha-' and '-doe-'. It also aims to identify the structure of and changes in the discussion of the derivative using the Chinese characters '-ha-' and '-doe-' as well as other verbs. According to the study results, the verb derivatives '-ha-' and '-do-' function as verb-derived suffixes on equal levels. It also confirms that the Chinese word root has semantic translation information as a gerund. Additionally, the results show that it is possible to apply a derivative such as the passive derivative of the native language. 본 연구는 동사 파생 접사 ‘-하-’, ‘-되-’의 어근이 되는 2음절 한자어 명사에주목하여 이들의 동사성을 확인하고 ‘-하-’, ‘-되-’ 파생 시의 논항 구조와 그 변화를 확인하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 본고의 논의를 통해 동사 파생 접사 ‘-하-’, ‘-되-’는 대등한 층위에서 동사 파생 접사로 기능하며, 한자어 어근은 동사성명사로서 의미역 정보를 가지고 있음을 확인하였고 그로 인해 고유어의 피동파생 방식과 같은 파생 방식의 적용이 가능함을 보였다.

CIF 賣買契約과 船積에 관한 小考

최윤 경기대학교연구교류처 1985 大學院 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

브랜드이미지와 포장색채의 상관성

최윤의 한국패키지디자인학회 1998 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.5 No.-

Today Production technique has been active a rapid growth, it made extension and multyplicity of goods. For that reason a notion of consumer is the King' was sprout. Consumer sovereignty period made for consumers to chose and companys to compete in good faith. Moreover, if a large quantity productive capacity should sure to be sold. That means the makers has to develope in given condition to circulate condition. Saleing is not important then making people to buy there goods, for that purchase mental state investigation is indepensable and buyer to draw in that article commerce planing and saleing contrivance was needed. To build a distinguish brand to others, they spend so much time and investment of money for the brandname. However, thesedays there are too mant brands increases for consumer to remember, that consumer wants to find exacts wright items for themselves. A product with good quality and good image show most of the image from brandname. To positioning the brand to other consumer, they should make people to watch and hear about then as if could be part of there life like this the out looking such as packaging in different colors and to show most it the specific character is normal may to show image at the product. The present time to show the products good image is not only the way, it's that how different and show distinguish discriminate from other product. All the different kinds of goods in the market, it's not so easy to construct a good image at the item. In this essay, from marketing stretegy to make image of the brand to recognition at value and role, to investigate the color stralegy and design of package to establish competitive power of brandimage. Now, let's analysis with succeed company in newbrand image.

결핵성 뇌막염 양상을 보였던 장 바이러스성 뇌막염

최윤임,서일교,오형근 순천향의학연구소 2009 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.3S

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Core in Core 냉각기술을 적용한 플라스틱 사출성형 특성에 관한 연구

최윤서(Yun-Seo Choi),박인승(In-Seung Park),양동호(Dong-Ho Yang),하병철(Byeong-Cheol Ha),허만우(Man-Woo Heo),이종찬(Jong-Chan Lee) 한국기계가공학회 2019 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Recently, plastic materials have become more diversified, and the development of materials with excellent mechanical properties and plasticity has enabled wider application, miniaturization, and refinement of injection molded products. As a result, the utilization of these products in household goods, electronics, automotive parts, and aircraft parts is increasing in almost all industries. Injection molded parts are often used externally on finished commercial products. This means that the injection mold industry is very important to the value of these products. For this reason, the industry is performing research on the precision and efficiency of the injection molding process. In this study, we investigated the applicability of the core in core cooling method to the problem of product deformation due to temperature variation in existing injection mold designs. We also characterized the cooling performance of an injection mold when using this cooling method.

패턴言語 側面에서 본 大學캠퍼스의 外部空間 構成에 관한 硏究

崔潤,朴文瑀,兪昌均,趙容準 조선대학교 동력자원연구소 1991 動力資源硏究所誌 Vol.13 No.1

A university campus has to plan to cause the activities of outside space, having organic system among the university facilities. Moreover, the composition of outside space is very important because the various activities, induced form outside space owe to the specific character of university, are decisive factor for the qualities of university environment. The results observed from pattern language are summarized as follows ; 1. Starting from very symbolic and functional main building, collage has had large activity space at the front of it and small activity space arround it. By this way, campus consists of the collage, at present but at the point of aporoach and prevention of noise, the project maybe is profitable. It concentrates core system on the center of the camps and arranges building with mutual relations. 2. At Present, main road system is made up of the uncertain separation of load and pedestrain's path resultes from the types of stright line connecting the main entrance and the main building, but the project maybe is more useful about approach and security than the present time by making a trapezoid inside circlar road in the center of campus and profitable pedestrian road. 3. At present, in two groups of main building and architectural engineering building, the activities of campus are centerized but perhaps the syntheic project is expected to reduce the distribution of activities as it makes functional arrangements. 4. At the point of funtionality and symbolizm. The project of facilities-syntheses has more possitive aspects than campus at present, but financially the possibility of performance has many unreasonable aspects.