보건교사의 응급의료체계 인식과 활용 실태

최욱진,Choi, Uk-Jin 사단법인 한국응급구조학회 2008 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose : This study aims to provide basic data to establish an effective emergency medical service system by analyzing health educator' understanding and use of emergency medical service system at schools. Method : 93 questionnaires from 200 elementary, middle and high school nurses in the city D were collected from May 26 to July 7, 2008 and ${\chi}^2$ analysis and frequency analysis were carried out with SPSS win PC 14.0. Results : 1. As for emergency contact points, 3(3.30%) answers 'they do not have any knowledge', 40(43.96%) said 'they have some idea' and 48(52.75%) said 'they do know about it'. Among 24 respondents who have less than five years of working experience, 2(8.33%), 16(66.67%) and 6(25.00%) answered 'have no knowledge', 'a little knowledge' and 'clear knowledge on it' respectively. As for 9 who have 6-10 years of career, 1(12.50%), 4(50.00%) and 3(37.50%) answered 'have no knowledge', 'a little knowledge' and 'clear knowledge on it' respectively. Among 32 respondents who have 11~20 years, there were no respondents with no knowledge on the given question, and 9(29.03%) said they have some understanding and 22(70.97%) answered they have clear understanding on the topic. From this result, it can be said that there is statistically meaningful differences among different working year groups with ${\chi}^2=16.583$ and p= .010. 2. As for 119 emergency contact in the given district, 24(29.63%), 30(37.04%) and 27 (33.33%) answered 'do not know', 'know' and 'know very well' respectively. As for the question to ask whether they know Emergency Medical Information Center 1339, 66(70.97%) answered 'Yes' and 27(29.03%) answered 'No'. When it comes to emergency contact numbers and list of hospitals, 59(63.44%) said 'they have some list', 20(21.51%) answered 'they have well established contact network' and 14(15.05%) said 'they have none'. 3. As for the use of 119 service at the time of emergency at schools, 59(63.44%), said 'Yes' and 12(12.90%) answered 'No'. Among those who said 'yes', 29(31.18%), 24(25.81%) and 5(5.38%) answered they have used the service 1-2, 3-5 and 6-10 times respectively. Conclusion : In order to ensure health educator to effectively deal with emergency situations at schools, there should be special activities to enhance health educator' understanding on 119 and Emergency Medical Information Center 1339 and at the same time, a system should be established to connect schools, 119 in a given district, hospitals and Emergency Medical Information Center 1339.

KR60 레일의 미세조직과 기계적 물성 평가

최욱진,조희재,윤경민,민경환,임남형,이수열,Choi, Wookjin,Cho, Hui Jae,Yun, Kyung-Min,Min, Kyung-Hwan,Lim, Nam-Hyoung,Lee, Soo Yeol 한국재료학회 2017 한국재료학회지 Vol.27 No.12

The use of continuous welded rail is increasing because of its many advantages, including vibration reduction, enhanced driving stability, and maintenance cost savings. In this work, two different types of continuous welded rails were examined to determine the influence of repeated wheel-rail contact on the crystal structure, microstructure and mechanical properties of the rails. The crystal structure was determined by x-ray diffraction, and the microstructure was examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile and microhardness tests were conducted to examine the mechanical behaviors of prepared specimens taken from different positions in the cross section of both newly manufactured rail and worn rail. Analysis revealed that both the new and worn rail had a mixed microstructure consisting of ferrite and pearlite. The specimens from the top position of each rail exhibited decreased lamella spacing of the pearlite and increased yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness, as compared with those from other positions of the rail. It is thought that the enhanced mechanical property on the top position of the worn rail might be explained by a mixed effect resulting from a directional microstructure, the decreased lamella spacing of pearlite, and work hardening by the repeated wheel-rail contact stress.

흉부압박의 횟수증가가 구조자에게 미치는 생리학적 변화와 심폐소생술 정확도에 미치는 영향

최욱진,Choi, Uk-Jin 사단법인 한국응급구조학회 2008 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Purpose : This study was designed to examine physiological changes in the body of rescuers conduct CPR according to the 2005 new guideline from American Heart Association. The ratio of artificial respiration has changed from 15 : 2 into 30 : 2 in 2005. The researcher tried to know the correlation between the physiological changes and the accuracy of CPR. Method : The examinees of this study were 26 students (Dept. of Emergency Medical Service). After the training, participants conducted 10 minute CPR and soon after the CPR, their vital signs were checked, and lactic acid and concentration of ammonia were analysed from their blood samples. Questionnaires to ask their subjective fatigue level were filled out after blood samples and 10 minute - CPR was performed. Results : 1) After the CPR, concentrations of ammonia were $149.71{\mu}{\ell}/d{\ell}$ and $162.17{\mu}{\ell}/d{\ell}$ in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2, respectively. The number was higher in 30 : 2 but it wan not statistically meaningful (p = .493). Log value of lactic acid was a little higher in 30 : 2 with 42 log($mmol/{\ell}$) and 54 log($mmol/{\ell}$) in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2, respectively but it was not statistically meaningful (p = .113). 2) Blood pressure in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 were 118.50 mmHg and 125.08 mmHg while pulse in two different cases were 96.14 and 97.25, showing no statistically significant differences (blood pressure : p = .155, pulse : p = .841). 3) Subjective fatigue was a bit high in 30 : 2 with 5.93 and 6.92 points in 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 respectively but it was not statistically meaningful (p = .142). 4) In the 10 minute CPR, respiration accuracy was 96.21% in 15 : 2 and 94.79% in 30 : 2. There was no statistical significances between the two(p = .225). In the meanwhile, chest compression accuracy was 92.57% in 15 : 2 and 91.83% in 30 : 2. From the beginning to the end of chest compression, there showed no difference(p = .425). the type of CPR did not influence upon the accuracy of chest compression(p = .756). Conclusion : In the CPR conducted by skilled rescuers for 10 minutes, there were no statistically meaningful differences between 15 : 2 and 30 : 2 in the concentration of fatigue element in a blood, subjective fatigue, vital signs and accuracy of CPR. Therefore, 30 : 2 CPR recommended by American Heart Association need to be recommended and performed in scene size up.

유기탄소 공급과 영양조건에 따른 미세조류 성장, 질소제거 및 여과저항에 미치는 영향

최욱진(Choi, Wook Jin),박준홍(Park, Joon Hong),송경근(Song, Kyung Guen) 대한토목학회 2018 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.10

라틴아메리카에서 삼림 파괴 결정 요인: 부패요인을 중심으로

최욱진 ( Wook Jin Choi ),권기수 ( Kisu Kwon ) 한국포르투갈-브라질학회 2021 포르투갈-브라질 연구 Vol.18 No.2

기후변화가 세계적인 이슈로 부각되면서 기후변화를 촉발하는 주범인 삼림 파괴에 관한 관심도 뜨겁다. 그러나 이러한 높은 관심에도 불구하고 삼림 파괴에 영향을 미치는 제도적 요인에 관한 실증적인 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 대표적인 생물자원의 보고이며 무분별한 삼림 파괴로 골머리를 앓고 있는 라틴아메리카를 분석대상으로 객관적인 데이터를 사용해 삼림 파괴에 영향을 미치는 제도적 요인을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 특히 라틴아메리카 20개국을 대상으로 부패가 삼림 파괴에 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석을 통해 규명하였다. 실증분석 결과, OLS와 고정효과 모델 모두에서 부패의 통제 수준이 엄격해 질수록, 부패의 인식 수준이 높을수록 삼림 파괴가 감소하는 것으로 입증되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 경제성장에 따른 소득 증대, 도시화의 확대가 삼림 파괴의 또 다른 중요한 요인이라는 점을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 경제성장과 도시화로 삼림 파괴가 불가피하기는 하지만 부패 축소를 통해 삼림 파괴 속도를 지연시킬 수 있다는 정책적 시사점을 제공한다. As climate change emerges as a global issue, interest in deforestation, the main culprit of climate change, is also hot. However, the empirical studies on the institutional factors affecting the deforestation are very insufficient. Against this background, this study investigated whether corruption, one of the representative institutional factors, affects deforestation in Latin America through empirical analysis. As a result of empirical analysis, it was proved that deforestation decreased with higher level of control of corruption and higher level of perception of corruption in both OLS and fixed-effect models. In addition, in this study, it was confirmed that the increase of income(GDP) and the expansion of urbanization driven by economic growth are other important factors of deforestation. The results of this study provide policy implications that deforestation is inevitable due to economic growth and urbanization, but the rate of deforestation can be suppressed by reducing corruption.

논문 : 東城王(牟大) 卽位 過程 檢討

최욱진 ( Wuck Jin Choi ) 한국고대학회 2014 先史와 古代 Vol.41 No.-

백제는 갑작스러운 고구려의 침입에 의해 개로왕이 패사하고 한성이 함락되면서 웅진으로 천도하였다. 천도는 어느 특정세력의 주도하에 이루어지지 못하였고 이로 인해 천도 이후의 정국은 다양한 세력들 간의 이해관계 속에 혼란스러웠다. 천도 이후 가장 먼저 두각을 나타낸것은 해구였다. 해구는 다른 세력과의 연합을 통해 문주왕을 위협하였고 문주왕은 귀국한 곤지와 더불어 이에 대응하였다. 하지만 정쟁과정에서 곤지는 죽임을 당하였고 문주왕 역시시해되고 말았다. 해구를 중심으로 한 연합세력은 정쟁에서 승리한 이후 문주왕을 대신하여 삼근왕을 옹립하고 정국운영의 주도권을 장악하였다. 하지만 사마를 중심으로 한 곤지계와 삼근을 중심으로 한 문주계 그리고 진씨세력 등 반 해구세력과의 새로운 정쟁에서 패하게 되면서 결국 죽음을 당하게 되었다. 반 해구세력은 해구를 중심으로 한 연합세력의 해체 이후 왕권을 놓고 다툼을 벌이게 되었고 결과적으로 삼근왕을 중심으로 한 문주계가 패배하게 되었다. 문주계의 제압 이후 왕권을 놓고 사마와 더불어 왜국에서 백제로 들어온 모대간의 다툼은 진씨를 비롯한 다른 세력들이 자신들의 이익을 위하여 모대를 지지함으로써 결국 웅진천도 이후의 정쟁은 문주계에서 곤지계로의 왕계변화와 더불어 모대가 동성왕에 즉위하면서 일단락 되게 되었다. The capital of Baekje has transferred to Woongjin due to the death of King Gaero from the sudden invasion of Goguryeo. The transfer of the capital has not completed and leaded by a specific power and that brings disorders due to the interest between different powers in the political situation after the transfer of the capital. The most brilliant figure in the situation is Haegu. Haegu threats King Munju through the confederacy with other powers and King Munju reacts to the threat together with Gonji. However, Gonji has killed during their political strife and King Munju has also killed. The united front centered by Haegu has achieved a victory in the political strife and support King Samgeun replacing King Junju. Also, they hold the hegemony in controlling the political situation. However, Haegu has killed from the defeat in new political struggles against the opposition power of the Gonji power centered by Sama, the Munju power centered by Samgeun, and the Jin family. The opposition power of Haegu has struggled for holding the royal prerogative after dismantling the united front and that leads to the defeat of the Munju power centered by King Samgeun. In the struggle between Modaes, which have returned from Japan with Sama, for holding the royal prerogative, different powers including the Jin family support Modae for their interests. Then, the political strife after the Woongjin transfer has finished by the enthronement of Modae as King Dongseong together with changes in a royal power from Munju to Gonji.

LTS와 LMA를 이용한 병원 전 전문 기도 관리 연구

최욱진(Choi, Uk-Jin),심규식(Shim, Gyu-Sik) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.12

심정지 또는 중증 외상 환자의 신속한 기도유지는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 후두튜브(LTS)와 후두 마스크(PLMA)의 삽관 속도, 성공률, 교육 전·후 자신감 변화를 비교하여 병원 전 단계의 주축을 담당하고 있는 119 구급대의 전문기도관리 능력을 향상 시키는데 있다. 연구 대상자는 119구급대원 중 1급 응급구조사 60명(LTS군 30명, PLMA군 30명)이며 마네킹을 대상으로 5분간 3회 실습 후 삽관 소요시간과 성공 여부, 자신감 변화를 측정하였다. 연구결과 LTS와 PLMA를 이용한 삽관 시간은 유의한 차이를 보였고(p=.000), 성공률은 유의한 차이가 없으며, 실험 후 자신감은 유의하게 상승하였다(p=.000). 결론적으로 경추가 고정되고 혀 부종이 있는 외상환자에게 신속한 삽관이 필요한 경우 LTS 사용이 효과적이며 교육을 통하여 전문기도관리 능력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. It is very critical to promptly maintain airway of cardiac arrest cases or serious traumatic cases. The purpose of this study is to compare intubation rate, successful rate and pre-/post-education self-confidence between laryngeal tube (LTS) and proseal laryngeal mask (PLMA), so that it may contribute to improving the ability of 119 emergency team - a pivotal role in pre-hospitalization process - to carry out advanced airway management. In order to achieve the purpose, total 60 paramedics (Class Ⅰ) who worked for incumbent 119 emergency team were asked to join a practical experiment and were also divided into two groups (LTS group: 30 people, PLMA group: 30 people). In details, they were all asked to take 3 sessions of practice (5 minutes per session) using dummy model to quantitatively measure the time and success/failure of intubation and the change of their self-confidence. As a result, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the time of intubation between LTS and PLMA group (p=.000), but there was no significant difference in the rate of successful intubation between these two groups, and self-confidence of two groups tended to significantly increase after experiment (p=.000). Conclusively, if it is necessary to promptly apply intubation to traumatic cases with immobilized cervical vertebral and lingual edema, LTS can be useful as an effective means of intubation. And it is expected that continuing intubation training using LTS will improve the ability of emergency team to perform advanced airway management for traumatic cases.

미세조류를 이용한 영양염류 제거에 있어서 휴믹산 (색도)가 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

최욱진(Choi, Wook Jin),박준홍(Park, Joon Hong),송경근(Song, Kyung Guen) 대한토목학회 2017 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

백제의 웅진 천도 배경과 천도지 선정과정 검토

최욱진(Choi, Wuck Jin) 백산학회 2012 白山學報 Vol.- No.94

475년의 웅진천도는 고구려의 침략이라는 외부적 요인에 의해 발생한 천도였다. 하지만 외부적 요인에 의해 천도가 이루어졌다고 하더라도 그 과정에 내부 정치세력간의 갈등이 없었다고 볼 수는 없다. 수도의 선정은 항성 정치적 판단의 결과이며, 향후 정국운영의 향방과 관련 매우 중요한 문제이기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 이점을 토대로 천도의 배경과 천도지 선정과정에 대해 살펴보았다. 개로왕은 즉위과정에서 정변을 통해 집권 세력의 교체를 단행함으로써 개로왕 중심의 정국운영을 모색하였다. 그리고 정국개편과 더불어 대외적으로는 직·간접적으로 고구려를 압박하기 시작하였다. 하지만 대내외적인 정책은 실패로 돌아갔으며, 475년 고구려의 공격에 의해 개로왕은 패사하고 한성은 함락되었다. 개로왕의 뒤를 이어 즉위한 문주왕은 개로왕대 상좌평을 역임했던 핵심세력의 하나로서 한성함락과정에서 개로왕의 직계가 모두 죽임을 당함에 따라 왕위에 오를 수 있었다. 하지만, 개로왕대 함께 활동했던 세력들이 한성함락과정에서 큰 피해를 입으면서 문주왕의 지지세력은 미약했으며, 패전의 책임에서 자유로울 수 없었다. 이러한 제반요건으로 인해 문주왕 대에는 개로왕 대와는 다른 새로운 세력이 부상할 수 있는 환경이 조성되었다. 문주왕 즉위 이후 등장한 세력들은 왕의 측근세력이었던 목협만치와 조미걸취, 개로왕 대에 배제되었다 재등장한 해씨와 진씨세력 그리고 구원군으로 참여하면서 중앙정계에 등장한 지방세력들이었다. 문주왕 즉위 이후 가장 먼저 이루어진 조치는 천도였다. 천도의 주도세력과 관련해서는 웅진과 인접한 수촌리 고분군의 조영세력에 대한 검토와 분석에서 출발하였다. 수촌리 고분군 조영세력이 누구인가에 대해서는 새로운 천도지인 웅진과 인접하다는 점에 주목하여 천도의 주도세력으로서 비정되었으며, 왕실세력 혹은 유력한 지방세력의 하나로서 검토되었다. 하지만 지금까지 제기되었던 견해들에 대한 검토결과 현재로서는 수촌리 고분군 조영세력을 어느 특정 세력으로 비정할 수는 없으나, 주변의 다른 유적들의 조영세력들과 마찬가지로 백제 한성기 유력한 지방세력의 하나로 추정하였다. 그리고 천도지의 선정 과정을 추정해 봄으로써 공지였던 웅진이 채택된 이유를 살펴보았다. 즉 문주왕 등의 왕실세력과 해씨와 진씨 등의 중앙 세력은 한성에서 너무 멀리 떨어져 있지 않으면서 방어에 유리한 그리고 향후의 정국운영을 위해 세력 적 공지를 선호하였다는 점, 이와는 달리 구원군으로 참여했던 지방세력들은 자신들의 세력기반 인근으로의 천도를 원하였다는 점, 이에 지방세력들이 주장한 여러 지역 중 차령산맥과 금강에 의해 육군의 방어에 유리하면서 수운교통이 편리한 금강유역권의 공지지역이 검토되었으며, 이중 수군의 공격에도 방어하기 유리했던 웅진지역이 채택 되었다. 결국 천도지 선정은 어느 한 세력의 주도하에 이루어진 것이 아니었으며, 각 세력들의 이해관계 속에 합의를 통해 이루어 졌다. 그러므로 천도를 주도한 세력은 없었으며, 천도 이후의 정국운영을 주도할 수 있는 세력 역시 없었다. 천도 이후의 혼란한 정국은 이러한 이유에 기인하였던 것이다. King Gaero sought for King Gaero-centered operation of the regime by changing the existing leading powergroup in the process of his ascending to the throne. Along with the reshuffling of the political organization, he also started giving pressure to Goguryo Kingdom both directly and indirectly. However, his domestic and international policies turned out to be failure and in 475 A.D., King Gaero was killed by the attack of Goguryo Kingdom and the capital Hansung was occupied by Goguryo. King Moonjoo, the brother of King Gaero, became the king in succession of King Gaero, because King Gaero immediate family memberswere all killed. However, the major power group of King Gaero was seriously damaged in the process that the capital was taken by the enemy, and thereby the bedrock of support for King Moonjoo was very weak. In addition, as King Moonjoo was one of the core power in the King Gaero's regime, he could not be free from the responsibility of the defeat in the war and there was a big vacuum in the political system as the major power group had big damage in the process that the capital was taken by the enemy. Due to such circumstances, in the King Moonjoo' regime, a new power group emerged and they were different from those of King Gaero. Those groups that newly emerged by the accession of King Moonjoo were Mokhyepmanchi and Jomigeolch who were close power to the King, Hae Family and Jin Family that lost their power in the era of King Gaero and resumed theirpower again, and regional power that participated in a salvation army and advanced to the central political arena. The first action after accession of King Moonjoo was to transfer the capital. Regarding the power group that led the transfer of the capital, we studied the review and analysis on the power group that built the tomb clustered Suchon-ri, which was close to Woongjin. They were considered a power group who led the transfer of the capital in that the tomb cluster was located close to Woongjin, the candidate site for a new Capital. This study reviewed them as one of the royal power groups or influential regional power groups. However, there were problems on the views on Bae Family, and Mok Family who were close to the King, and an influential regional power group that led the transfer of the capital. Therefore, we cannot designate the power group that built the tomb clustered Suchon-ri a certain power group, but they were assumed to be one of the influential regional power groups in the era of Hansung Capital in Baekje Kingdom, like other power groups who built other tomb clusters. And, reviewing the selection process of the new capital site for transfer, this study assumed the reason why Woongjin was selected for the site, in spite of it had no power then. That is, Woongjin was selected for the following reasons: the royal power group including King Moonjoo and the central power group such as Hae Family and Jin Family preferred a place without power that was not so apart from Hansung butadvantageous for defense and the political operation in the future, while the regional power that participated in the war as a salvation army wanted anew capital city close to their power basis. In that sense, among many candidate regions insisted by regional power, the site near Geum River was reviewed for a new capital city because it was advantageous for the defense for the army owing to geographical reasons of the Charyong mountains and Geum River and convenient water transportation. Woongjin was selected because the region was advantages for defense against the attack of the naval enemy. Therefore, the selection of a site for a new capital was not led by a single power group but by the agreement of each power group and according to their interest. Therefore, there was neither power group who led the transfer of the capital nor those who led the operation of political regime after the transfer of the capital.

武寧王(斯麻) 卽位過程 檢討

최욱진 ( Wuck Jin Choi ) 공주대학교 백제문화연구소 2015 백제문화 Vol.1 No.53

곤지의 아들인 무령왕(사마)은 곤지가 왜국으로 향하던 도중 태어나 곤지의 뜻에 따라 백제로 보내졌다. 백제에 머물고 있던 사마는 곤지가 왜국에서 귀국하자 곤지를 도와 정국에 참여하게 되었다. 곤지는 사마 그리고 귀국시 함께 한 세력 등과 더불어(곤지계) 문주왕을 도와 해구를 중심으로 한 세력을 견제하였지만, 결국 제거되고 말았다. 곤지의 사후 사마는 곤지계를 이끌며, 반해구세력의 구성세력으로서 참여하였다. 그리고 반 해구세력은 결국 해구를 중심으로 한 세력을 제거할 수 있었다. 이후 왕위를 놓고 문주계와의 정쟁을 승리로 이끌었지만, 왜국에서 들어온 이모제인 모대가 진씨 등의 지지를 받게 되자 결국 왕위를 양보할 수 밖에 없었다. 동성왕은 즉위 이후 경쟁자였던 사마를 정국운영과정에서 배제하고 다양한 세력의 참여 속에 정국을 안정적으로 이끌어 나아갔다. 하지만, 동성왕이 왕권강화를 위하여 정국운영을 측근중심으로 재편하면서 내부의 혼란이 일어나자 이를 기회로 사마는 동성왕을 제거함으로써 왕위에 오를 수 있었다. 정변을 통해 동성왕을 제거하고 왕위에 오른 무령왕은 친 동성왕계였던 백가를 반역이라는 이유로 제거함으로써 반대세력을 숙청하였다. 또한, 왕실의 권위 회복 및 외부와의 긴장관계를 통해 내부의 정비를 꾀하고자 고구려와의 전쟁을 개시하였다. 무령왕은 이를 통해 정국 초기 정국의 주도권을 장악할 수 있었으며, 다양한 개혁을 실시할 수 있었던 토대를 마련할 수 있었다. King Muryeong (Sama), son of Gonji, was born when Gonji was on his way to Japan and sent to Baekje following Gonji’s wish. As Gonji returned to his home country, Sama who had been staying in Baekje started to participate in politics. Gonji helped King Munju to hold power in check focused on pirates along with Sama and the force with whom he returned to homeland together (Gonji group), but he ended up being removed. After Gonji’s death, Sama led the Gonji group and joined the forces against the pirates. And the force of anti-pirates could ended up removing the pirate-based force. After that, he won the victory in the political strife with Munju group for throne, but as Modae, his half younger brother who had returned from Japan was supported by Jin family, he had to abdicate from the throne. After ascending to the throne, King Dongseong excluded King Muryeong, his rival, from the process of managing government and led it stably by involving various forces. However, as King Dongsoeng reshuffled the cabinet mainly with his close personnel to strengthen royal authority and the internal disorder aroused, Sama could use this opportunity to remove King Dongseong and to ascend to the throne. Ascending to the throne by removing King Dongseong through coup, King Muryeong purged the opposition forces by removing Baekga involved in the King Dongseong group by reason of treason. Moreover, he started a war with Goguryo to reassert royal authority and to organize the inside through tensions with the outside. Through this, King Muryeong could seize the initiative in the political situation early on, and could prepare the groundwork to carry a reform into effect.