12주 걷기 운동이 폐경 후 비만 여성의 식욕조절 호르몬, 아디포카인 및 인슐린 저항성에 미치는 영향

정현령,류종우,유동훈,신영호,강호율 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2012 운동과학 Vol.21 No.2

정현령, 류종우, 유동훈, 신영호, 강호율. 12주 걷기 운동이 폐경 후 비만 여성의 식욕조절 호르몬, 아디포카인 및 인슐린저항성에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제21권 제2호, 213-222, 2012. 본연구의 목적은 12주간의 걷기운동이 폐경 후 비만 여성의 식욕조절 호르몬, 아디토카인 및 인슐린 저항성에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 연구 대상자는 폐경 후 비만 여성 15명(체지방률; 30.8±1.6%, 체질량지수; 26.3±0.8)을 대상으로 하였으며, 운동 프로그램은 트레드밀 걷기 (하루 5 km, 6회/주, 12주)를 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 운동 전·후 혈액을 채취하고, 혈중지질, 혈당, 인슐린, 렙틴, 그렐린, HOMA-IR, TNF-α을 분석하였다. 그 결과 최대산소섭취량은 운동 후 유의하게 증가하였으며 (p<.05), 체지방률은 감소한 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05).혈당, 인슐린 및 HOMA-IR은 12주 5 km 걷기 후 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다 (p<.05). 혈중 렙틴은 운동 후 유의하게 감소하였며 (p<.05), 혈중 그렐린은 12주 걷기 운동 후 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다 (p<.05). 반면 TNF-α는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상 본 연 구결과를 종합해 보면, 폐경 후 비만 여성의 12주 5 km 걷기 운동은 체지방률 감소와 함께 인슐린 저항성(혈당, 인슐린, HOMA-IR), 혈중 그렐린과 렙틴을 개선시키는데 효과가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. Jung, H. L., Ryu, J. W., Yoo, D. H., Shin, Y. H., Kang, H. Y. Effects of 12-weeks walking exercise on appetite regulating hormone, adipokine and insulin resistance in postmenopausal obesity women. Exercise Science, 21(2): 213-222, 2012. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-weeks walking exercise on appetite regulating hormone, adipokine and insulin resistance in postmenopausal obesity women. The 15 postmenopausal obesity women (%fat; 30.8±1.6%, BMI; 26.3±0.8) were volunteered for this study, and experimental exercise protocol was treadmill walking (5 km/day, 6 day/week, 12 weeks). Blood sample were drawn before and after 12 weeks exercise, and blood lipids, plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, HOMA-IR, TNF-α were measured. The maximal oxygen consumption was significantly increased after training (p<.05), and the %fat was significantly reduced after 12-weeks walking (p<.05). Plasma glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-IR were significantly reduced after 12-weeks 5 km walking (p<.05). Plasma leptin was significantly reduced after training (p<.05), and the plasma ghrelin levels was significantly increased after 12 weeks walking exercise (p<.05). TNF-α levels were not significantly changed after 12-weeks exercise. The results of this study indicate that 5 km walking exercise for 12 weeks significantly reduced %fat and attenuated insulin resistance. In addition, 5 km walking exercise of postmenopausal obesity women improved plasma leptin and ghrelin.

지구성 운동과 Ginsenoside Rb₁가 쥐 골격근의 AMP-Activated Protein Kinase(APMK), Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase(PI3K) 발현 및 Glucose Uptake에 미치는 영향

정현령,신영호,강호율,Jung, Hyun-Lyung,Shin, Young Ho,Kang, Ho-Youl 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.8

본 연구는 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 쥐골격근의 AMPK insulin signaling($tAMPK{\alpha}$, $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$)과 PI3K insulin signaling pathway(pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$, PI3K $p^{85}$, pAkt $Ser^{473}$) 발현 및 glucose uptake에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 골격근내 glucose uptake에서는 비교집단과 비교하여 운동집단(59.4%), $Rb_1$집단(70.5%) $Rb_1/Ex$집단(58.6%)에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 AMPK insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과 비교집단에 비해 $AMPK{\alpha}$(Ex, 28.6%; $Rb_1$, 28.5%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 29.8%), $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$(Ex, 35.1%; $Rb_1$, 35.3%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 30.9%)의 발현이 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 PI3K insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 알아본 결과 비교집단과 비교하여 IRS-1, PI3K $p^{85}$에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 pAkt $Ser^{473}$은 $Rb_1$ 집단에서 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, ginsenoside $Rb_1$은 운동과 더불어 근육 세포내 AMPK의 활성화와 근육 내 glucose uptake를 증가시켜 제2형 당뇨병 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구의 결과로 PI3K insulin signaling pathway의 항당뇨 효과는 설명하기는 부족하다고 판단되며 추후 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 ginsenoside $Rb_1$의 농도, 처치시간, 처치방법을 고려한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise and ginsenoside $Rb_1$ on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) protein expression and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of rats. A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups: CON (Control group, n=8), Ex (Exercise group; 25 m/min for 1 h, 6 days/week, 2 weeks, n=8), $Rb_1$ (Ginsenoside $Rb_1$ group; n=8), and $Rb_1/Ex$ ($Rb_1$+Exercise group, n=8). The $Rb_1$ and $Rb_1/Ex$ groups were incubated in ginsenoside $Rb_1$ (KRBP buffer, $100{\mu}g/mL$) for 60 min after a 2-week experimental treatment. After 2 weeks, the expression of phosphorylated $AMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$, total $AMPK{\alpha}$, the p85 subunit of PI3K, pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$, and pAkt $Ser^{473}$ were determined in the soleus muscle. Muscle glucose uptake was measured using 2-deoxy-D-[$^3H$] glucose in epitroclearis muscle. Muscle glucose uptake was significantly higher in the three experimental groups (Ex, $Rb_1$, $Rb_1/Ex$) compared to the CON group (P<0.05). The expression of $tAMPK{\alpha}$ and $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$ was significantly higher in the Ex, $Rb_1$, and $Rb_1/Ex$ groups compared to the CON group (P<0.05). The expression of pAkt $Ser^{473}$ was significantly higher in the $Rb_1$ group compared to the CON and EX groups. However, the expression of pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$ and the p85 subunit of PI3K were not significantly different between the four groups. Overall, these results suggest that ginsenoside $Rb_1$ significantly stimulates glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of rats through increasing phosphorylation in the AMPK pathway, similar to the effects of exercise.

Effects of Endurance Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Insulin Resistance and Ceramide Contents of Skeletal Muscle in Sprague-Dawley Rats

정현령,강호율 대한당뇨병학회 2010 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.34 No.4

Background: We evaluated the effects of endurance exercise and a high-fat diet on insulin resistance and ceramide contents of skeletal muscle in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: We randomly divided 32 rats into four groups: control (CON, n = 8), high fat diet (HF, n = 8), exercise (Ex, 24 m/min for 2 hours, 5 days/wk, n = 8), HF/Ex (n = 8). After 4-week treatments, plasma lipid profiles, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. The triglycerides (TG), ceramide, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) contents were measured in the skeletal muscle. The rate of glucose transport was determined under submaximal insulin concentration during the muscle incubation. Results: Free fatty acid levels were significantly higher in CON and HF than Ex (P = 0.032). Plasma glucose levels in HF were significantly higher than the two Ex groups (P = 0.002), and insulin levels were significantly higher in HF than in other three groups (P = 0.021). Muscular TG concentrations were significantly higher in HF than CON and Ex and also in HF/Ex than Ex, respectively (P = 0.005). Hepatic TG concentrations were significantly higher in HF than other three groups but Ex was significantly lower than HF/Ex (P = 0.000). Muscular ceramide content in HF was significantly greater than that in either Ex or HF/Ex (P =0.031). GLUT-4 levels in CON and HF were significantly lower than those in Ex and HF/Ex (P = 0.009, P = 0.003). The glucose transport rate in submaximal insulin concentration was lower in CON than in either Ex or HF/Ex (P = 0.043), but not different from HF. Conclusion: This study suggests that high fat diet for 4 weeks selectively impairs insulin resistance, but not glucose transport rate,GLUT-4 and ceramide content in skeletal muscle per se. However, endurance exercise markedly affects the content of ceramide and insulin resistance in muscle.

ACE 유전자 I/D 다형성에 따른 유산소 운동이 혈압에 미치는 영향

정현령,황유정,류종식,강호율 한국체육과학회 2023 한국체육과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ACE gene (I/D) polymorphism on endurance training in middle-aged women. Twenty-six middle-aged women with no medical special diseases were selected as subjects for the experiment, and according to the ACE gene polymorphism, they were classified into two groups: DD.ID genotype and II genotype. After adapting to exercise equipment for one week, subjects gradually increased their exercise distance for one to three weeks, exercised 3 to 4 km/day for three to six weeks, and increased their exercise distance for seven to nine weeks to perform aerobic exercise for 9 to 12 weeks. Finally, blood pressure and maximum oxygen uptake were measured, and blood was collected during stabilization and ACE genotype was analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn by performing aerobic exercise four times a week for 12 weeks for middle-aged women. First, systolic blood pressure did not show a significant difference in both groups after 12 weeks of exercise compared to before exercise. Second, there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between groups. Compared to before exercise, it was found to be significantly reduced in type II after exercise. Third, there was no significant difference in the maximum oxygen intake between groups, but both groups increased significantly after exercise compared to before exercise.

감초탕 섭취가 고강도 저항성 운동 후 근부상, 혈중 코티졸, 테스토스테론 및 인슐린 민감도에 미치는 영향

정현령 ( Hyun Lyung Jung ),나현종 ( Hyun Jong Na ),김판수 ( Pan Soo Kim ),류형수 ( Hyung Soo Ryu ),강호율 ( Ho Youl Kang ) 대한본초학회 2015 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of licorice supplementation on muscle injury, plasma cortisol, testosterone and insulin sensitivity after high intensity resistance exercise. Methods : The fourteen health college male students were voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups: Control group (CON, n=7), Licorice group (LR, n=7). LR group ingested 2 g/time of licorice extract (mixed with 100 ml of water) two times/day for 10 days while the CON group ingested 100 ml of water. All subjects performed a high intensity resistance exercise (half-squat, 8 RM at 80% one-repetition maximum, 5 sets, 1min rest). Blood samples were collect before (-7) and after (0) licorice supplementation, and then 1 day, 2 day and 3 day post exercise. After 10 day treatment, plasma creatine kinase, cortisol, testosterone, glucose, insulin were measured. To determine the insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR was calculated. Results : Plasma creatine kinase activities were significantly elevated after exercise, but there was not different between two groups. The plasma cortisol and testosterone levels were not significantly different between two groups. Plasma glucose levels were increased at 1 day and 2 day after exercise in the LR comparing with CON group ( P<0.05) but plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in comparison with CON. HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the LR than CON group at 0 day to 3 day ( P<0.05). Conclusions : The results of the current study suggest that licorice supplementation for 10 days might not attenuate the high-intensity exercise-induce muscle injury but may enhance the whole-body insulin sensitivity.

운동 강도 차이가 고지방식이 Sprague - Dawley Rat의 골격근 내 PGC - 1α, PPAR - γ 및 인슐린 저항에 미치는 영향

정현령(Hyun-Lyung Jung),강호율(Ho-Youl Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.7

This study investigated the effects of exercise intensity on PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sedentary control group (SED), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet+low-intensity exercise group (HFLE, 22 m/min, 60 min, 6 days/week), high fat diet+moderate-intensity exercise group (HFME, 26 m/min, 51 min), and high fat diet+high-intensity exercise group (HFHE, 30 m/min, 46 min). After 4 weeks of high fat diet and endurance exercise training, the lipid profiles, insulin, and glucose concentrations were determined in plasma. PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and GLUT-4 contents were measured in plantaris muscle. The rate of glucose transport in soleus muscle was determined under submaximal insulin concentration (1,000 μIU/mL insulin, 20 min) during muscle incubation. Plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in HF was significantly greater than that in SED, and plasma glucose levels in the three exercise (EX) groups were significantly lower that those in SED and HF at 30 and 60 min, respectively (P<0.05). Plasma insulin levels in the EX groups were significantly reduced by 60 min compared to that in HF (P<0.05). The protein expression level of PGC-1α as well as muscle glucose uptake were significantly higher in SED and HF than those in the three EX groups (P<0.05), and HFHE showed significantly higher levels than HFLE and HFME. Expression levels of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ were significantly higher in the HFLE, HFME, and HFHE groups compared to the SED and HF (P<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that 4 weeks of high fat diet significantly developed whole body insulin resistance but did not affect PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, or the glucose transport rate in skeletal muscle, and exercise training was able to attenuate deteriorated whole body insulin resistance due to high fat diet. In addition, high intensity training significantly affected PGC-1α expression and the glucose transport rate of skeletal muscle in comparison with low and middle training intensities.

24시간 식이제한 후 저항성 운동이 혈중 성장 호르몬, IGF-1, 코르티솔 및 테스토스테론에 미치는 영향

정현령 ( Hyun-lyung Jung ),강호율 ( Ho-youl Kang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2016 운동과학 Vol.25 No.4

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 24-hour food restriction on plasma human Growth hormone, IGF-1, cortisol and testosterone responses in resistance exercise. METHODS: The 13 college male students (Age; 24.7±1.2 years, Height; 174.1±2.0 cm, Body Weight; 70.4±1.5 kg) were randomly received to the control treatment (CON) and 24 hours fasting treatment (24-FT). The CON served the 400-kcal steam rice as the Korean traditional breakfast 3 hours prior to performing the resistance exercise, while the 24-FT did not eat any food except the water for 24 hours. The resistance exercise session consisted of squat exercise with 5 sets×6-8 repetitions with 80% of one repetition maximum. Blood samples were drawn before (pre), and immediately after exercise (0 minute) and at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes after exercise. Plasma human growth hormone (hGH), total testosterone, cortisol, IGF-1, insulin, glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were measured. RESULTS: Plasma hGH levels in 24-FT were significantly higher after exercise compared with the CON at 0, 15, 30, 60 minutes (p<.05). Cortisol levels in 24-FT were significantly higher than in the CON at before (pre) and 0 minute (p<.05). The plasma IGF-1 and testosterone levels were not significantly significantly different between two treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation suggested that the elevation of hGH might not be related to anabolic effects in food restriction. In addition, it seems that hGH response in resistance exercise is strongly affected by carbohydrate ingestion

고등학교 학생의 무도수련참여가 학교생활만족도에 미치는 영향

정현령(Jung, Hyunn-Lyeng) 용인대학교 무도연구소 2007 武道硏究所誌 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of participation in martial arts training by high school students on their school lives and the subject of this study was the students selected from those in 1st and 2nd grades of high schools loated in Daejeon by cluster random sampling method in 2006. And the questionnaire was used as the investigation tool. The collected data was analyzed and t-treat and (One-way ANOVA), were conducted on it using SPSS/PC Windows V11.0. The following are the result of the analysis: Firstly, by sex, male students were shown to be higher than female ones in school classes and school rules only and by grade, those in 2nd grade higher than those in 1st grade in schoolfellow relationship only. Secondly, in the difference in adapting to their school lives resulting from participation in after-school martical arts training by high school students, those who particiapted appeared to be higher than those who did not in adapting to their school lives. Thirdly, looking at the difference in adapting to their school lives by the form of participation in after-school martial arts training by high school students, taekwondo was shown to be the highest in their relationship with teachers, schoolfellowship and school rules.

지구성 운동과 Ginsenoside Rb1가 쥐 골격근의 AMP-Activated Protein Kinase(APMK), Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase(PI3K) 발현 및 Glucose Uptake에 미치는 영향

정현령(Hyun-Lyung Jung),신영호(Young Ho Shin),강호율(Ho-Youl Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.8

본 연구는 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside Rb₁이 쥐골격근의 AMPK insulin signaling(tAMPKα, pAMPKα Thr<SUP>172</SUP>)과 PI3K insulin signaling pathway(pIRS-1 Tyr<SUP>612</SUP>, PI3K p<SUP>85</SUP>, pAkt Ser<SUP>473</SUP>) 발현 및 glucose uptake에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 골격근내 glucose uptake에서는 비교집단과 비교하여 운동집단(59.4%), Rb1집단(70.5%) Rb₁/Ex집단(58.6%)에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside Rb₁이 AMPK insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과 비교집단에 비해 AMPK α(Ex, 28.6%; Rb₁, 28.5%; Rb1/Ex, 29.8%), pAMPKα Thr<SUP>172</SUP>(Ex, 35.1%; Rb₁, 35.3%; Rb₁/Ex, 30.9%)의 발현이 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside Rb₁이 PI3K insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 알아본 결과 비교집단과 비교하여 IRS-1, PI3K p<SUP>85</SUP>에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 pAkt Ser<SUP>473</SUP>은 Rb₁ 집단에서 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, ginsenoside Rb₁은 운동과 더불어 근육세포내 AMPK의 활성화와 근육 내 glucose uptake를 증가시켜 제2형 당뇨병 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구의 결과로 PI3K insulin signaling pathway의 항당뇨 효과는 설명하기는 부족하다고 판단되며 추후 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 ginsenoside Rb₁의 농도, 처치시간, 처치방법을 고려한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise and ginsenoside Rb1 on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) protein expression and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of rats. A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups: CON (Control group, n=8), Ex (Exercise group; 25 m/min for 1 h, 6 days/week, 2 weeks, n=8), Rb1 (Ginsenoside Rb1 group; n=8), and Rb1/Ex (Rb1+Exercise group, n=8). The Rb1 and Rb1/Ex groups were incubated in ginsenoside Rb1 (KRBP buffer, 100 μg/mL) for 60 min after a 2-week experimental treatment. After 2 weeks, the expression of phosphorylated AMPKα Thr172, total AMPKα, the p85 subunit of PI3K, pIRS-1 Tyr<SUP>612</SUP>, and pAkt Ser<SUP>473</SUP> were determined in the soleus muscle. Muscle glucose uptake was measured using 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose in epitroclearis muscle. Muscle glucose uptake was significantly higher in the three experimental groups (Ex, Rb1, Rb1/Ex) compared to the CON group (P<0.05). The expression of tAMPKα and pAMPKα Thr<SUP>172</SUP> was significantly higher in the Ex, Rb1, and Rb1/Ex groups compared to the CON group (P<0.05). The expression of pAkt Ser<SUP>473</SUP> was significantly higher in the Rb1 group compared to the CON and EX groups. However, the expression of pIRS-1 Tyr<SUP>612</SUP> and the p85 subunit of PI3K were not significantly different between the four groups. Overall, these results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 significantly stimulates glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of rats through increasing phosphorylation in the AMPK pathway, similar to the effects of exercise.

운동 강도 차이가 고지방 식이 쥐의 골격근 내 지방 독성과 염증성 사이토카인 신호체계에 미치는 영향

정현령 ( Hyun Lyung Jung ),강호율 ( Ho Youl Kang ) 한국운동생리학회 2015 운동과학 Vol.24 No.2

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different training intensities on lipotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling pathway of skeletal muscle in high-fat fed rats. METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control diet group (NC), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet+low-intensity exercise group (HFLE, 22 m/min, 60 min, 6 days/week), high fat diet+moderate-intensity exercise group (HFME, 26 m/min, 51 min), and high fat diet+high-intensity exercise group (HFHE, 30 m/min, 46 min). After 4 weeks of high fat diet and endurance exercise training, the glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were determined in plasma. Intramuscular triglyceride (TG), TNF-α, IKKα, IKKβ, p-IKKα/β ser176/180, IκBα contents were measured in skeletal muscle. RESULTS: After 4 weeks treatments, Plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in HF was significantly greater than that in NC, and plasma glucose levels in the three EX groups were significantly lower that those in NC and HF at 30 and 60 min, respectively (p <0.05). Plasma insulin levels in the EX groups were significantly reduced by 60 min compared to that in HF (p <0.05). Plasma FFA level and muscle TG contents were significantly lower in the three exercise (EX) groups than those in HF (p <0.05) The protein expressions of TNF-α, IKKα, IKKβ and p-IKKα/βser176/180 were significantly lower in the HFLE, HFME, and HFHE groups compared to the HF group (p <0.05). Expression of IκBα in the three EX groups were significantly higher compared to that in HF (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that the elevation of inflammatory cytokine protein expression due to the high-fat feeding significantly deteriorated the lipotoxicity and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle in rats, but this deterioration was significantly attenuated by endurance training. However, the effect of training intensity difference was not different in the expression of inflammatory cytokine protein in the muscle.