나혜석의 구미여행기와 모빌리티 이론의 접목 : 교통과 젠더의 측면에서

정은혜(Eun-Hye Choung) 한국문화역사지리학회 2022 문화 역사 지리 Vol.34 No.1

본고는 한국 여성 최초로 1년 8개월 간 서구 국가를 여행했던 나혜석의 구미여행기를 모빌리티 이론과 접목하여, 나혜석 여행기의 텍스트와 그의 풍경화 속 재현공간을 대상으로 다음의 내용을 분석·검토하였다. 첫째, 교통수단과 경계적 감각의 모빌리티로서, 특히 기차와 기선을 통한 서구적 문물 체험과 역과 객실 등 사이공간에서의 경험은 기동 관람 시각을 통해 경관을 묘사하고 있으며, 국경 경유시의 경험은 지역적 차이로 표현하고 있다. 둘째, 경험과 일상을 통한 젠더 모빌리티로서, 나혜석은 구미여행을 통해 도시의 낭만적 연애와 자유로운 여성의 삶을 경험하고 젠더에 대한 자각과 함께 젠더적 모빌리티를 형성하였다. 마지막으로, 모빌리티 경험이 반영된 나혜석의 풍경화를 통해 스페인, 파리 등 재현공간이 주는 의미를 자신의 정체성을 형성하고 변모시키는 동인으로서 해석하였다. This study attempted to analyze and review the followings based on Na Hye-seok’s ‘Western Travel Writing’ and representational space in her landscape paintings by integrating the theory of mobilities into the travel text. She was Korea’s first feminist author who wrote the long travel sketch (1 year and 8 months). First, in terms of the mobility of liminal senses and transportation, experience of western culture through trains and steamers and experience in interspace such as railway stations and train cabins described landscapes through a motorized sightseeing vision while experiences in transiting national border regions were expressed with a regional difference. Second, for gender mobility via daily routine and experiences, Na Hye-seok underwent romantic love and liberal women’s lives in cities and formed mobility in awareness of gender. Lastly, the meaning of representational space such as Spain and Paris was interpreted as a motive to form and change identity through her landscape paintings which reflect mobile experiences.

나로 우주센터를 통한 고흥의 지역관광 활성화 방안 연구

정은혜 ( Eun Hye Choung ) 한국도시지리학회 2015 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Goheung-gun still has the typical characteristics of a remote farming village despite the establishment of the Naro Space Center. In terms of financial independence, the county now ranks the lowest in Korea. In fact, the financial independence of Goheung is far lower than the average of financial impendence of Jeollanam-do. Even though the Naro Space Center was constructed with huge government funds, it has failed to boost the economy of Goheung. Therefore, this study has investigated the possibility of regional tourism from two aspects: promotion of regional tourism through space culture and industry as regional differential strategy, promotion of regional tourism using local tourist attractions and local cultural festivals. Above all, it appears that Goheung is the perfect region to meet new tourist needs through differentiation in promoting space industry-related regional tourism. For this, the following requirements should be met: policy-based support, establishment of sufficient infrastructure, continuous place marketing through local festivals and efforts by the locals.

신성공간이 주는 새로운 경관적 시각과 장소적 함의:``절두산 순교 성지``를 사례로

정은혜 ( Eun Hye Choung ) 한국사진지리학회 2012 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.22 No.2

As one of Korea`s representative sacred spaces, Jeoldusan Martyrs`` Shrine shows strong religious significance through its constructions and artworks which differentiates itself from the surrounding landscapes. However, education and experiences at the museum and at the Hangang Citizens`` Park, Yanghwajin Park, and walking paths in the sacred place makes the shrine a public space rather than an isolated and sacred religious space for the privileged few. It can be interpreted as the ``Spaces of Representation`` mentioned by Lefebvre, as it shows its potential to become an area of ordinary culture. Therefore, Jeoldusan Martyrs`` Shrine is significant in terms of religion as a sacred place but also has spatial implications as it is the place where communications are made, isolation is overcome and people become positive through the many activities happening in the shrine.

역사적 맥락에 의거한 백화점의 공간적 의미에 대한 연구: 파리와 서울의 비교

정은혜 ( Eun Hye Choung ) 한국도시지리학회 2015 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The department store in Paris is a product of industrialization, urbanization, and consumer capitalism, and has a spatial meaning of downward spread of shopping culture through small profits and quick returns strategies and a spectacular display of space. Also, it is the place that provides the device that enables the bourgeoisie to adapt to new consumer society in the process of moving toward industrial society and the place of innovation that leads capitalism. On the other hand, the department store of Korea was established in the Japanese colonial era and has developed under the heteronomy of colonization. The ascription of meanings, such as urban culture experiencing place, stratificational differentiation place, modern girl place, enlightenment education place, nationalism marketing place, symbolizes that mean commercial transactions have been converted into graceful acts in the building designed in the state-of-theart technology. So in the historical context, this thesis examines the spatial meanings through a comparative study on Paris and Seoul and presents economical and sociocultural meanings.

사회적 배제의 렌즈로 바라본 노인의 공간에 관한 연구 -종로 탑골공원과 락희거리를 중심으로-

정은혜 ( Eun-hye Choung ) 한국사진지리학회 2021 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.31 No.2

The Republic of Korea has the fastest aging population around the globe. In this era of long life expectancy, however, the dark side of an aging society has been stronger than its bright side. In particular, as spaces to reflect and visualize such elderly issues as socially excluded people, this study examined Tapgol Park and Rakhui Street in Jongno-gu. Specifically, it attempted to reanalyze such regions in three different meanings (space for sharing, space for loneliness alleviation, distinguishment under order and rules) and proposed a direction for improvements by mentioning the culturally non-inclusive aspects of Tapgol Park and Rakhui Street to make a contribution to stopping social exclusion against senior citizens in such spaces.

모빌리티 렌즈로 바라본 최부의『표해록』

정은혜 ( Choung Eun-hye ) 경희대학교 인문학연구원 2020 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.42

중국의 3대 여행기로, 마르코 폴로의 『동방견문록(東方見聞錄)』, 엔닌의 『입당구법순례행기(入唐求法巡禮行記)』, 그리고 최부의 『표해록(漂海錄)』이 꼽힌다. 이 중에서도 최부의『표해록』은 그 기록적 가치가 지니는 시간과 공간의 구체성으로 인해, ‘당대 사회를 연구하는 참고 자료로서의 가치가 뛰어나다’는 평가를 받는다.『표해록』은 조선 성종 때의 문신으로서 제주에서 추쇄경차관(推刷敬差官)으로 재직하던 최부가 일기체로 쓴 중국 견문기로, 1488년 1월 제주도에서 풍랑을 만나 표류하다가 중국의 강남(江南)지방에 표착한 후 북경까지 갔다가 조선으로 돌아온 6개월(136일)간의 이동 과정을 생생하게 정리한 문헌으로서, 15세기 명나라의 실정을 사실적으로 세밀하게 묘사한 중국 견문록이자 표류기이다. 본고에서는 조선시대의『표해록』이 갖는 이러한 이동 과정에 대한 서술이 현대로 와서 모빌리티의 렌즈(mobility lens)로 바라볼 수 있음에 의의를 둔다. 모빌리티(mobility)는 인간, 사물 및 정보의 이동(movement)을 강조하는 것으로, 단순한 이동만을 의미하는 것이 아니라 이동에 내재한 다양한 관계들의 의미와 실천을 의미하는 것으로서 이동에 대한 새로운 관점이다. 즉, 모빌리티는 전통적으로 지리학이 말하는 이동의 개념과 유사하지만 이동에 관계의 의미가 부가되는 점이 다른데, 모빌리티는 이동할 능력, 이동하는 대상, 이동에 내재하는 사회적인 위치성(계급), 그리고 이동에 의한 지리적 변화를 내포하는 개념으로 정의된다. 그런 의미에서 모빌리티 렌즈는 이동의 지리적 경계 및 거리, 이동하는 주체의 위치성, 이동과 관련된 권력과 정치에 관심을 가지며, 이동과 관련된 관계를 주된 분석 대상으로 삼는다. 또한 모빌리티 렌즈는 과거로부터 이어져 온 현재의 사회를 변화와 생성의 관계로 이해하는 관점으로서, 지역과 장소의 의미는 미리 존재하는 것이라기보다 모빌리티에 의해 만들어지고 변화하는 것으로 보고, 결국 지역과 장소가 갖는 고유성이 중요하다고 해석한다. 『표해록』의 경우, 첫째, 조선과 중국 명나라의 지리적 경계와 거리가 명시되고 지역적 정보가 자세히 기술되어있다는 점, 둘째, 이동하는 주체인 최부가 중앙관직인 추쇄경차관이라는 직함(위치성)으로 42명의 일행을 거느리고 표류(이동)의 과정을 거쳤다는 점, 마지막으로, 표착하게 된 명나라의 정치 및 경제, 그리고 문화에 관심을 가지고 서술한 정보들이 현재에도 영향력을 가지고 이어지고 있다는 점 등에서 모빌리티 렌즈를 적용할 수 있다고 판단된다. 무엇보다 모빌리티 렌즈로 바라본 최부의『표해록』은 그 구성과 내용을 통해, 중국 명나라의 사회적 상황, 정치와 군사, 경제와 교통, 숙식, 문화(복색, 인심, 교육, 상례, 풍속과 민속 등), 신분(계급, 여성), 풍정, 유적과 건물, 천연지세와 기후변화 등의 정보를 기행문의 형태로 상세히 기록해 놓음으로써 현재까지 당시를 이해할 수 있는 중요한 자료가 되고 있다. 그중에서도 본고는 경제, 신분, 문화에 관한 정보에 집중하여 이들 내용이 보다 인문지리학적이고 모빌리티한 것으로 해석하였다. 이렇게 조선에서 중국으로의 이동과정 속에 겪은 그의 타국체험은, 같은 문명권 안에 살면서도 서로 고립되어 살던 사람들이 다양한 층위에서 만나는 상호체험으로서 과거에서 현재로 이어져 내려오는 중요한 정보의 기록이자 여행기로 간주할 수 있을 것이다. 한편, 제한된 분량으로 인해 본 연구에서『표해록』의 그 많은 정보를 다 서술할 수는 없었음은 아쉬움으로 남는다. 그러나 15세기의 중국 여행기를 모빌리티 렌즈라는 현대적 개념으로 재해석하여 그 내용을 분석하였음에 의의를 두고자 한다. 향후 최부의 『표해록』이 가진 의미에 대한 현대적인 이해가 모빌리티 렌즈와 더불어 더욱 새롭게 조명되길 기대한다. The three most famous travelogues of China include『the Travel of Marco Polo』,『Ennin’ s Pilgrimage to Tang China』 and『Pyohaerok written by Choi Boo』. Among those,『Pyohaerok of Choi Boo』 has been highly appreciated for its concrete description in time and space and therefore its high values as a records which can be used as a reference to study the society of the times.『Pyohaerok』 was written by Choi Boo in a journal style, who was a civil servant during the reign of King Seongjong of the Joseon Dynasty as a Directorate for inspection of slaves in Jeju. He encountered a storm in Jeju in January, 1488 and drifted away to Jiangnan, China. His travelogue to China vividly describes his six-months (136 days) journey from Beijing and back to his home country, Joseon. This paper considers that the description of course of movement Choi Boo had taken in Pyohaerok during the Joseon Dynasty can be viewed as mobility lens in the modern times. Mobility emphasizes movement of people, objects and information and means significances and practices of diverse inherent relations as a new concept beyond a movement itself. That is, traditionally, mobility is more about geography but today it has an added meaning of relations. Therefore, mobility can be defined as a concept which includes the ability to move, the subject of movement, social position(class) inherent in movement and geographical change caused by movement. In that sense, mobility lens looks into geographical boundary and distance of movement, position of the moving subjects and powers and political relations regarding movement and mainly analyzes movement-related relations. In addition, viewing from the mobility lens the society from the past to the present can be understood as the relations of changes and creations, therefore, regions and spaces could develop and change their meanings thanks to mobility rather than did exist in itself already. In the end, their originalities have been interpreted to be matter the most. Mobility lens has been applied to Pyohaerok for the following reasons. Firstly, geographical boundaries and distances of the Joseon Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty and their characteristics have been described in detail. Secondly, the subject of movement, Choi Boo who were the Directorate for inspection of slaves and who hold a central governmental position took the course of movement along with 42 men under his command. Lastly, the information given in the travelogue regarding politics, economy and culture of his drift destination, the Ming Dynasty, is still valid in the present day. Above all, Pyohaerok of Choi Boo viewed from mobility lens became a valuable materials to understand the Ming Dynasty in terms of its structure and contents as it kept the detailed records of social status, politics and army, economy and transportation, accommodations, culture (clothing, social atmosphere, education, commercial practices, customs and folklore, etc.), landscape, historic relics and construction, social position (class and female status), natural topography and climate change, etc. Among them, this paper interprets that its focus on economy, class and culture makes the travelogue more human geographical and mobility-related. His journey from Joseon to China and foreign experiences in the course of movement is considered to be a mutual experiences that people of different ladders from the same cultural zone who had lived separately finally met and to be a valuable records of information that passed down from the past to the present. Meanwhile, it is regrettable that more information of Pyohaerok cannot be shared in the research due to limited space. However, it has significance that the 15th century travelogue to China was re-interpreted and analyzed from the modern mobility lens concept. I hope to see more lights to be shed on the modern understanding of significance Choi Boo’s Pyohaerok has and also on mobility lens further.

근대 계획도시로서의 군산에 대한 고찰 -교통과 역사문화경관을 중심으로-

정은혜(Eun-Hye Choung) 충북대학교 교육개발연구소 2024 한국교육논총 Vol.45 No.1

본고의 목적은 근대 계획도시로서 군산을 사례지역으로 교통의 기조변화를 식민지 교통체계 모형에 대입시켜, 그로 인한 근대 역사문화경관을 분석하는 데에 있다. 그럼으로써 근대 국제정세의 변화와 열강의 침략이 식민도시 군산의 공간구조를 교통과 경관의 측면에서 어떠한 변화를 가져왔는지를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 군산은 식민지교통체계 모형 중 림머의 모형에 보다 적용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 이러한 교통로의 변화로 인해 군산은 근대 역사문화경관이 형성되었고 현재는 이를 활용하여 지역적 이미지를 제고시켜 방문객의 증가를 통한 경제 활성화를 도모하고 있다. 하지만 이 과정에서 일제강점기의 건축을 이국적이고 매력적인 관광지로만 홍보하여 식민지 미화 투어리즘으로 나아가고 있다는 비판도 제기된다. 이에 본고는 다음과 같은 방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 군산의 근대 경관들을 이국적·매력적인 이미지로만 여기지 않도록 방문객들의 지역적 이해가 선행될 것, 둘째, 기억의 층위를 맥락화하는 작업을 통해 지역적 정체성을 담아낼 것, 셋째, 근대 경관의 정확한 설명을 위한 학술조사를 더욱 진행할 것, 넷째, 각 지자체의 근대 관련 사업들을 군산과 연계할 것, 마지막으로 해당지역 거주민의 참여와 관리로 경관을 훼손시키지 않는 방안을 마련할 것을 제안한다. This study analyzed the modern historic and cultural landscapes of Gunsan as a modern planned city through changes in the transport policy direction towards a colonial transport system model. The goal was to reveal the influence of changes in modern international situations and the invasion of world powers on the spatial structure of Gunsan as a colonial city from the perspectives of transport and landscape. The results confirmed that Gunsan was a better fit for the Rimmer model among the colonial transport system models. With such changes in transportation, Gunsan has been able to preserve and improve its modern historic and cultural landscapes which now play a significant role in promoting the local economy by attracting visitors. In terms of such modern historic and cultural landscapes, this study analyzed former Gunsan Customs House, former Bank of Joseon Gunsan, old Janggi 18 Bank Gunsan, former Daeungjeon Hall of Geumgwangsa Temple, Hirotsu House, Gyeongamdong Railroad Town and Gunsan Modern History Museum. However, there was some criticism that Japanese colonial buildings were advertised as unique tourist attractions, glorifying Japanese imperialism. In this sense, this study proposes the following. First, visitors should be provided with a better understanding of the modern landscapes of Gunsan instead of simply seeding them as unique tourist attractions. Second, local identity needs to be established through the contextualization of memory layers. Third, academic research must continue to build an accurate guide for such modern landscapes. Fourth, modern programs for local authorities must be to Gunsan. Finally, a plan needs to be developed to preserve such landscapes by encouraging locals to participate.

지역이벤트로 인한 도시문화경관 연구: 부산국제영화제 지역을 사례로

정은혜 ( Eun Hye Choung ) 한국도시지리학회 2011 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Film Festivals are tending upwards these days, and there are Busan, Bucheon, Jeonju, Gwangju, Chungmuro film festivals. Especially Busan International Film Festival is an example of success, with an emphasis on the economic effect. However, this paper analyzes the spatial impacts of regional events using the empirical photographies and interviews data in BIFF Venue. Urban landscape changes by local event based on Film Festival, that is modern and post-modern landscapes, should be not so much an object to see, as one to read and interpret with a humanistic approach. Above all, urban cultural landscape is not the material space nowadays, but the field of cultivating urban cultural identity and of mediating human and society consumption. From this point of view, this study is meaningful in understanding cities` changes in quality as well as in appearance.

국내 관광지리학의 연구동향 분석

노시학(Shi Hak Noh),정은혜(Eun Hye Choung) 한국관광연구학회 2004 관광연구저널 Vol.18 No.2

This research examines the general research trend of tourism geography in Korea. There are five major research subjects in the geographical analysis of tourism in Korea, that is, tourism development and policy, tourist behavior, regional analysis of tourism destination, transportation of tourism, and sustainable tourism. Substantial parts of the research have been concentrated on the fields of tourism development and policy, tourist behavior, and regional analysis of tourism destination. Recently, however, sustainable tourism has emerged as a major research topic. Even though there are very strong relationship between tourism and transportation, there are relatively few researches of the tourism transportation.

이용자 중심의 노인 지하철 무임승차제도 개선을 위한 분석

노시학 ( Shi Hak Noh ),정은혜 ( Eun Hye Choung ) 한국도시지리학회 2012 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.15 No.3

This paper overviews the implementation process of current concessionary subway fare system for older people, analyzes the travel patterns of the elderly who are using the subway systems, and proposes an alternative to improve the current fare system centered on the actual users. The older people use the subway systems most frequently in comparison with other transportation mode with a considerable difference, and the most important reason for using the subway is the current free fare system for the elderly. The most important activities for the elderly by subway trip are leisure and social interactions and actual frequencies of subway use are various among the elderly depending on gender, income, health level, residential district and leisure places. Most of the older people have very negative perspectives toward the abolition of the current free fare system for the elderly. The acceptable fare level for the elderly in case of the abolition of the fare system is less than half of the ordinary fare. It is proposed as a reasonable alternative to improve the fare system that the current system should be kept some period and during the time the financial burdens due to the free fare system for the elderly should be imposed on central government only or divided between central government and local governments.