http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
정득규 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 1972 지역개발연구 Vol.4 No.1
In Korean society, almost all standard of social values is an uncultivated state and the development of horizontal interest groups is far from expectation because of the immaturing of priorities of interests. Therefore, the stress of interest differentiates to the unit of the characteristics of the region. These characteristics of the social structure attach importance to the political pattern of the regional community in the course of Korean politics. The regional characteristics of Honam area are: an overflow of population, a premodern caste system, an economic structure concentrating on agriculture, a conventional tradition-Oriented attitude, and a common social notion of the necessity of authority. Since these are all the important causes for political underdevelopment, the Honam region is recognized as a place of the lowest level of political development in Korea. The characteristics of the structure of political consciousness that people of Honam area have are as follows: 1) An early stage of transition from the traditional attitude in which. politics was merely recognized as a national affair to a new state of political consciousness in which politics is understood as having a relationship with circumferential interest. Hence, the fact that the priority of national interest as the object of political concern to the regional interest reflects the conservatism of an one-sided traditional attitude which is limited by a solen concept. On the other hand, this region is traditionally estimated as a place of the opposition-party power, sud this results from its long history of resistence against power. 2) In voting rate, it is always higher than the national average in spite of having the lowest level of political consciousness. Namely, this situation shows the Korean characteristics of voting pattern in general, composed of an inverse propotion in relation to the voting rate and the level of political consciousness. The voting right is regarded as an obedience-duty, which can be the best way to escape from official punishment. This reckless obedience is rooted in the rampant of the tradition obedience volition; lack of the consciousness of subjectivity as being soverign, the confidence in democratic values and especially belief in the importance of efficiency in polities. 3) Regarding the attitude toward political parties, the. people of Hanam area do not fully understand the practical functions of the parties with the view-point that the political party is an abstract group devoting itself to the interests of the nation.
정득규 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 1976 지역개발연구 Vol.8 No.1
The regional characteristics of political phenomena appearing in the political process of Korea are discussed separately between the urban area and the rural in general. Such discussion forms a hypothesis that the regional character influences the formation of political phenomena. With this pypothesis premissed, it can be understood that the political consciousness of the insular residents is different from that of mainland residents. It is quite natural that the way of living of the insular residents is different from that of those farmers or industrial or commercial people who reside on the mainland because of their peculiar ecological environment, namely, $quot;sea$quot;. It is attempted in the present study to make clear the political consciousness of the insular residents and to find out some adequate measure for developing it on the assumption that such environment characterizes their political consciousness. For this purpose a survey was made according to a questionnaire form on the social and political consciousness of 210 persons who were supposed to be acting as leaders among the insular residents, the data out of which were used for the analysis of their social and political consciousness. As a result, the structure of social and political consciousness of the insular residents proved to be conservative as well as closed one, reflecting the characteristics of the traditional type mainly because of peculiar life space, $quot;sea$quot;. It was also found out that the insular residents are leading an unstable life, complaining of their inconvenient ecological environment. From such point of view as mentioned above we have to be deeply concerned with the following problems for the development of political consciousness of the insular residents: (1) To establish an insular development policy which would provide them with com fortable and stable living conditions. (2) To change the consciousness structure of the leading people into a leader type as a means of lifting up the consciousness level of the residents. (3) To strengthen the existing spontaneous social groups and to functionalize them in such a way as to cause renovation of the consciousness structure as well as regional development consciousness of the insular residents.
서혜원,이신엽,정득규,최진은,이원기,석양기,이응배,정지윤,유승수,이재희,차승익,김창호,박재용 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-
Background: This study was conducted to investigate whether polymorphisms of genes involved in immune checkpoints can predict the prognosis of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgical resection. Methods: Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 genes were selected and genotyped. A total of 354 patients with early stage NSCLC who underwent curative surgical resection were enrolled. The association of the SNPs with overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Results: Among the 12 SNPs investigated, PD-L1 rs4143815C>G, rs822336G>C, and rs822337T>A were significantly associated with worse survival outcomes in multivariate analyses. When the three SNPs were combined, OS decreased in a dose-dependent manner as the number of bad genotypes increased (Ptrend = 0.0003). A higher expression of the reporter gene for the rs822336G-rs822337T haplotype was observed compared with the rs822336C- rs822337A haplotype by luciferase assay (P = 0.004). Patients with higher expression of PD-L1 mRNA had a better survival compared with lower expression (P = 0.03). Conclusions: PD-L1 rs4143815C>G, rs822336G>C, and rs822337T>A polymorphisms may be useful for the prediction of prognosis in patients with surgically resected NSCLC. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to understand the role of PD-L1 in the antitumor immunity.
Telomerase Activity and the Risk of Lung Cancer
전효성,최진은,정득규,최의영,강효경,이원기,유승수,임정옥,박재용 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.2
Telomerase play a key role in the maintenance of telomere length and chromosome integrity. We have evaluated the association between telomerase activity and the risk of lung cancer in peripheral blood. Telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by a PCR-designed telomeric repeat amplification protocol in 63 lung cancer patients and 190 healthy controls that were matched for age, gender, and smoking status. Telomerase activity was significantly lower in the lung cancer patients than in controls (mean ± standard deviation; 1.32 ± 1.65 vs 2.60 ± 3.09, P < 1 × 10-4). When telomerase activity was categorized into quartiles based on telomerase activity in the controls, the risk of lung cancer increased as telomerase activity reduced (Ptrend = 1 × 10-4). Moreover, when the subjects were categorized based on the median value of telomerase activity, subjects with low telomerase activity were at a significantly increased risk of lung cancer compared to subjects with high telomerase activity (adjusted odds ratio = 3.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.60-5.82, P = 7 × 10-4). These findings suggest that telomerase activity may affect telomere maintenance, thereby contributing to susceptibility to lung cancer.