Overview of ECM

전상훈,임성창,강정원,김재곤 한국방송·미디어공학회 2024 방송과 미디어 Vol.29 No.1

ISO/IEC MPEG과 ITU-T VCEG이 공동으로 설립한 비디오 부호화 표준화 단체인 JVET(Joint Video Experts Team)은 2021년 1월부터 VVC 표준 이후의 새로운 비디오 부호화 표준(가칭: Beyond VVC)을 위한 후보 기술 탐색실험을 진행하고 있으며, 본고에서는 Beyond VVC의 기술 탐색실험을 위한 탐색모델 소프트웨어인 ECM(Enhanced Compression Model)의 개발 과정과 채택된 기술들의 주요 기술적 특징을 살펴보고 각 분야별 채택 기술을 간략히 소개한다.

흰쥐의 분리 폐장 관류 모델에서 Nitroglycerin의 폐장 보존 효과

전상훈,이섭,이종훈,손복경,조공래,정진용,조성경,김봉일,이영만,조중행 대한흉부외과학회 2003 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.36 No.12

배경: 체내에서 발생하는 산화 질소는 허혈-재관류에 따른 폐혈관 저항을 감소시키고 혈관의 미세 투과도를 줄이고 세포손상을 방지하여 이식 후 폐장 기능의 보전에 도움이 된다고 알려져 있으나, 산화질소 자체의 세포독성으로 인해 재관류 동안 폐 부종을 오히려 증가시킬 수도 있다고 한다. 저자들은 산화 질소의 공여물질인 nitroglycerin을 투여한 분리 폐장 관류 모델을 이용하여 폐장 보존에 이점과 단점을 동시에 가지고 있는 산화질소가 허혈-재관류 과정에서 폐장의 기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: Sprague-Dawley종의 수컷 흰쥐 35마리를 사용하였다. Nitroglycerin (NTG)군(n=18)은 NTG를 정맥 주사하고 University of Wisconsin용액에 혼합하여 폐장 관류를 시행하였고, 대조군(n=17)은 NTG 대신 같은 양의 생리 식염수를 사용하였다. 구득한 심폐블록을 10oC에서 24시간 동안 보관한 후, 분리 폐장 관류 모델에서 인체 혈액을 Krebs-Hensleit용액으로 희석하여 60분간 재관류하였다. 재관류하는 동안 기도내압과 폐동맥압을 지속적으로 측정하였고, 관류 후 30분과 60분에 혈액 내 산소와 이산화탄소 분압을 측정하였다. 재관류가 끝난 후 기관지폐포세척을 통해 폐포 내 단백함량을 측정 하였으며, 중성구 침착 정도를 알기 위해 myeloperoxidase (MPO) 활성도를 측정하였다. 결과: 두 군 간의 기도내압과 폐동맥압은 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, NTG군에서 관류기간 중 폐동맥압이 상대적으로 낮게 유지되는 경향이 있었다. 이산화탄소 분압, 기관지폐포세척액 내의 단백질 함량, MPO의 활성도는 두 군에서 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 산소 분압은 NTG 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 전자현미경 검사에도 대조군에 비해 NTG군에서 폐포구조, 폐포상피세포, 모세혈관배열 등 미세구조의 손상이 적게 나타났다. 결론: 폐장 구득 전 NTG의 투여는 폐장의 기능과 미세구조의 유지에 도움이 된다고 판단되며, 임상 폐이식에도 적용이 가능하리라 생각된다.

심폐관류에 따른 혈청칼슘의 변동

전상훈 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1988 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.21 No.2

This study was prospectively planned to realize the reduction of calcium ion in serum along with the cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB], to find out the cause of the reduction, and to verify the justification of the classical methods of calcium replacement. Nine patients with various open heart surgeries by CPB in 1987 wee selected at random. Calcium chloride was added as follows:: For each unit of ACD blood transfusion, 600mg of calcium chloride was added. In case of massive transfusion, 600 mg of calcium chloride was injected every 2 or 3 units of transfusion. On occasions such as weaning from CPB, or following defibrillation, or hypotension, weak myocardial contractility of the heart, calcium chloride was needed in an amount of 10 mg / kg. In ICU, calcium chloride was limited to use in low serum level or in emergency use. Total calcium decreased early bypass and progressively increased above the preoperative value during late bypass and three hours thereafter, Ionized calcium increased during late bypass and three hours following. Total and ionized calcium depicted similar patterns of change during open heart surgery. Decrease of the calcium at the early bypass was thought from reduction of total protein and alkalosis during bypass. Meanwhile, increase of both calciums during the end of surgery was presumably attributable to addition of calcium chloride in priming solution, injections of calcium chloride in the process of termination of bypass. We conclude that enough calcium was replaced by the classical methods of calcium supplement.

폐 Aspergillosis의 외과적 치료

전상훈,이종태,김규태,Jeon, Sang-Hun,Lee, Jong-Tae,Kim, Gyu-Tae 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1989 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.22 No.1

Eleven cases of pulmonary resection had been performed for pulmonary aspergilloma in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University from August 1984 to July 1988. The patients were consisted of six males and five females and were evenly distributed from third decade to sixth decade. Hemoptysis was usually presenting symptom [72.2%] and the variable was the interval between symptom onset to surgical resection, which was ranged from few months to several years In the plane chest films, intracavitary fungus balls were noted in five cases [5/11] and upper lobe involvements were seven cases [7/11]. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified preoperatively in three cases among the eight cases of sputum culture. Mean preoperative FVC and FEV 1.0 values were in normal range. Eleven pulmonary resections were done by eight lobectomies, two segmentectomies and one pneumonectomy. The lesion was superimposed upon old tuberculosis in eight patients, in one upon bronchiectasis and in two upon tuberculous bronchiectasis. Five complications appeared postoperatively which included ARDS [1 case] bleeding [2 cases], persistent air leak[1 case], and dead space [1 case].

F-46 Combined Airway Disease and Emphysema is a Poor Prognostic Factor in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

전상훈,이재하,윤형규,오연목,이상도,이진국 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2016 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.121 No.-

COPD is a complex and heterogeneous disease. To develop treatment strategies, the traditional approach of dividing patients into airway dominant or emphysematous types has been challenged. This study was designed to evaluate risk of exacerbation according to airway and emphysema index in CT scan. We analyzed Korea Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort patients (n = 354). By using CT data, mean wall area percentage (MWA%) and emphysema index (EI) were calculated. Patients were classified into four groups according to these data. Exacerbation was analyzed by longitudinal follow up data. The number of patients with low MWA% & low EI [A(-)E(-)] were 71, high MWA% & low EI [A(+)E(-)] were 78, low MWA% & high EI [A(-)E(+)] were 76, and high MWA% & high EI [A(+)E(+)] were 62. Mean follow up period of enrolled patients were 2,178 ± 56.02 days. Mean number of exacerbation per year differed significantly between four groups [A(-)E(-): 0.33 ± 0.05, A(+)E(-): 0.31 ± 0.04, A(-)E(+): 0.56 ± 0.06, and A(+)E(+): 0.52 ± 0.07, respectively, P < 0.01]. Mean number of severe exacerbation per year also differed significantly between four groups [A(-)E(-): 0.04 ± 0.01, A(+)E(-): 0.04 ± 0.02, A(-)E(+): 0.19 ± 0.04, and A(-)E(+): 0.25 ± 0.05, respectively, P < 0.01]. Time to first exacerbation was significantly different between four groups (P = 0.036 by Log Rank Test). COPD can be divided into four phenotypes according to MWA% & EI. Mean number of exacerbations were significantly differ between four groups. Combined airway disease and emphysema phenotype has high risk for exacerbation.

폐암환자에서의 기관지성형술을 이용한 폐엽절제술

전상훈 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1989 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.22 No.5

Sleeve lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma is an alternative to pneumonectomy. The extent and location of the tumor must be such that a sleeve procedure is feasible. The conservation of lung tissue benefits both compromised and uncompromised patients. From August 1988 to March 1989, five patients underwent sleeve lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung. The patients included four males and one female ranging in age from 52 years to 66 years. All patients were diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma. Operative procedures were right upper sleeve lobectomy in four cases and left upper sleeve lobectomy with pulmonary angioplasty in one case. Complications developed in one patient. An asthmatic attack necessitated ventilator support for one day. Bronchoscopic examinations were performed at two weeks and three months postoperatively in four patients. Anastomosis sites on all patients were intact, but in one case, nodules were noted. Pulmonary function tests were also checked at three months postoperatively, and showed good results. The reimplanted lobe or lobes contribute significantly to the overall remaining lung function. All patients are being followed up with satisfactory results, except one case of suspected local tumor recurrence. We think, therefore, that sleeve lobectomy is a safe and adequate procedure for patients with resectable lung cancer.

`초·중등교육에서 교권 보호 법제의 쟁점과 과제”에 대한 토론문 2

전상훈 한국교원교육학회 2016 한국교원교육학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2016 No.11

교권은 교육활동을 가능케 하는 토대이며, 교권이 흔들리고 있다는 것은 단지 교사의 위기뿐만이 아니라 교육의 위기를 나타내는 하나의 징표라는 교수님의 의 견에 동감한다. 교육부가 발표한 교권 보호 대책 즉, 2012년 8월 28일에 발표한 ‘교권보호종합 대책’의 경우 학교 현장에 잘 알려지지 않았고, 그 실제적인 효과에 대해서도 의문 을 제기할 만한 수준으로, 교권보호를 위한 실질적이고 효과적인 새로운 시스템의 마련이 절실한 상황이다.

Epidermal Hydration Is Improved by Enhanced Ceramide Metabolism in Aged C57BL/6J Mice After Dietary Supplementation of Royal Jelly

전상훈,조윤희 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.9

Epidermal hydration is maintained by the epidermal lipid barrier, of which ceramide (Cer) is the major constituent. We examined the dietary effect of royal jelly (RJ) on epidermal hydration in aged mice. Altered Cer metabolism was further determined by measuring epidermal levels of individual Cer, glucosylceramide (GC), and sphingomyelin (SM) species, and of Cer-metabolizing enzymes. Aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (group AGED) or diets with 1% RJ harvested from two different areas (groups AGED+ RJ1:AGED + RJ2) for 16 weeks. Aged C57BL/6J mice with no dietary intervention (the control group: group C) represented the onset of aging. In group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1/2/5/6/7, GC-A/B/C/D, SM1/2/3, and β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) protein, an enzyme of GC hydrolysis for Cer generation, were lower than in group C; these levels, as well as those of Cer3/4 and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase) protein, an enzyme of SM hydrolysis for Cer generation, were higher in group AGED+ RJ1 than in group AGED. Despite increases in GC-B, SM1/2/3, and serine palmitoyltransferase2 protein, an enzyme of de novo Cer synthesis, in group AGED+ RJ2 to levels higher than in group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1-7, GC-A/C/D, GCase, and aSMase proteins were similar in these two groups. Expression of GCase and aSMase mRNAs, and of Cer synthase3 and ceramidase proteins, enzymes of de novo Cer synthesis and degradation, did not differ among groups. Dietary RJ1 improved epidermal hydration by enhancing Cer metabolism with increased levels of all Cer, GC, and SM species, and of GCase and aSMase proteins.

Improved optical performance of multi-layer MoS2 phototransistor with see-through metal electrode

전상훈,박성호,Jihyun Hur,Minho Ahn,Dipjyoti Das,Junghak Park 나노기술연구협의회 2019 Nano Convergence Vol.6 No.32

In recent years, MoS2 has emerged as a prime material for photodetector as well as phototransistor applications. Usually, the higher density of state and relatively narrow bandgap of multi-layer MoS2 give it an edge over monolayer MoS2 for phototransistor applications. However, MoS2 demonstrates thickness-dependent energy bandgap properties, with multi-layer MoS2 having indirect bandgap characteristics and therefore possess inferior optical properties. Herein, we investigate the electrical as well as optical properties of single-layer and multi-layer MoS2-based phototransistors and demonstrate improved optical properties of multi-layer MoS2 phototransistor through the use of see-through metal electrode instead of the traditional global bottom gate or patterned local bottom gate structures. The see-through metal electrode utilized in this study shows transmittance of more than 70% under 532 nm visible light, thereby allowing the incident light to reach the entire active area below the source and drain electrodes. The effect of contact electrodes on the MoS2 phototransistors was investigated further by comparing the proposed electrode with conventional opaque electrodes and transparent IZO electrodes. A position-dependent photocurrent measurement was also carried out by locally illuminating the MoS2 channel at different positions in order to gain better insight into the behavior of the photocurrent mechanism of the multi-layer MoS2 phototransistor with the transparent metal. It was observed that more electrons are injected from the source when the beam is placed on the source side due to the reduced barrier height, giving rise to a significant enhancement of the photocurrent.

유아기 대동맥교약증의 외과적 치료

전상훈 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1989 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.22 No.5

Between September 1986, and August 1989, eight infants underwent operation for repair of coarctation of the aorta in the first year of life. The patients included 7 males and 1 female ranging in age 19 days and 9 months. Weights ranged from 3.5 Kg to 7 Kg [mean 5 Kg]. All patients had preductal coarctation of the aorta. Each infant had associated cardiac anomalies, including ventricular septal defect [7 infants] and patent ductus arteriosus [5 infants]. All had intractable congestive heart failure, despite aggressive medical therapy. Pressure gradient across the coarctation ranged from 10 mmHg to 60 mmHg. Operative techniques were subclavian flap aortoplasty in five cases, Gore-Tex patch aortoplasty in three cases. In addition to coarctation repair, six infants had concomitant banding of the pulmonary artery. Four infants required ventilator support for several days. There was no operative death. Complications developed in two. One infant had tracheal stenosis after a tracheostomy. Another infant had restenosis of the aorta revealed by cardiac catheterization 30 months after surgery. The pressure gradient was 30 mmHg, necessitating balloon dilatation aortoplasty. Results were satisfactory. During follow up, we performed total correction procedures [patch closure of the ventricular septal defect, infundibulectomy, pulmonary valvotomy and pulmonary artery angioplasty] in one case. Continuing follow-up finds all patients in good condition.