중간관리자의 기업가정신과 기업성과 간의 관계에서 관리통제시스템의 역할

장기철,김원배 한국상업교육학회 2019 상업교육연구 Vol.33 No.6

In the increasingly turbulent and competitive business environment, there is a growing interest in entrepreneurship, which focuses on innovation and opportunity pursuit for the survival and long-term growth of firms. The middle-level managers of a firm play pivotal roles in the implementation of corporate entrepreneurship, and the challenge of top management lies in the designing work environments that are consistent with an reinforce entrepreneurial behavior on the part of employees. In the traditional perspective, Management Control Systems(MCS) can easily be perceived as an opposing force to the concept of entrepreneurship presented by Creative Destruction. While MCS seek to create order and make existent processes more efficient and effective, there is not much research on the relationship between entrepreneurship and MCS, because entrepreneurship involves renewal and creation of innovation. This study empirically analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurship of middle-level managers, MCS and corporate performance using Simons’(1995) Levers of Control. A questionnaire was prepared based on previous studies. The survey was conducted for middle-level managers of Korean firms. 234 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The results are as follows. First, the entrepreneurship of middle-level managers is not directly related to corporate performance. Second, the entrepreneurship of middle-level managers has a positive effect on the belief system and interactive control system, which are sub-systems of MCS. Third, belief system has positive effect on boundary system and interactive control system, and boundary system has positive effect on diagnostic control system. Lastly, MCS's belief system and interactive control system were found to play a role of mediator between entrepreneurship and organizational performance. These findings suggest that firm’s top management needs to actively use MCS's belief system and interactive control system to enhance corporate performance through the implementation of entrepreneurship by middle-level managers. In addition, by confirming that there is a significant relationship between belief system, boundary system, diagnostic control, and interactive control, the results are consistent with the previous study that these four control sysems must work together to improve corporate performance. This result provides important implications for top management of firms that plan to improve corporate performance by implementing entrepreneurship of middle-level managers, balanced use of MCS in ways of creating innovation, managing risk and generating competitive advantage.

한글 고유 명사의 로마자 표기 변환에 관한 연구

장기철,오경수,박기홍 군산대학교 정보통신기술연구소 2000 情報通信技術硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This Paper described for composition of system that Korean proper noun convert into Roman notation by newly amended Korean-Roman notation. The program that Korean auto convert into Roman notation, have not appeared since The Ministry of Culture-Sports distributed program in 1995. The reason existing program also follow not newly amended Roman notation but old Roman notation. This paper will reveal system that Korean proper noun auto convert mot Roman that abide by newly amended notation.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Oxime benzophenone-Based photoinitiators

장기철,백정주,박성만,김영랑,김영훈,최경호,신교직 한국고분자학회 2022 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.47 No.1

The Effect of Higenamine upon the Interval-Strength Relationship in Isolated Rabbit Heart

장기철,Chang, Ki-Churl The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1983 대한약리학잡지 Vol.19 No.2

현재 사용되고 있는 강심제로는 디지탈리스 배당체가 유일한 약물이지란 그 안전역이 대단히 좁아서 보다 안전한 강심제의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 최근 강심작용이 현저할 뿐 아니라 안전역이 비교적 넓을 것으로 인정되는 higenamine이 개발되어 그 작용기전을 밝히려는 시도가 많이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 higenamine의 강심작용 기전을 규명하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 수축빈도-수축력 상관관계(interval-strength relationship)에 있어서 1) Rested-state수축력 2) Positive inotropic effect of activation(PIEA) 3) Negative inotropic effect of activation(NIEA)에 대한 higenamine의 영향을 $Ca^{++}$및 epinephrine과 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 칼슘은 PIEA를 증가시키기 보다는 오히려 NIEA의 소멸을 촉진함으로써 강심작용을 나타내며 epinephrine 및 higenamine은 PIEA를 증가시키고 NIEA에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. The effect of higenamine upon the interval-strength relationship was kinetically analyzed, and compared them with epinephrine and calcium ion. The followings are result obtained : 1) Polyphasic patterns were seen by all agents applied on the interval-force curve of rabbit atrial muscle. 2) Higenamine, unlike calcium ion, increased the amount of PIEA produced per beat dose-dependently and scarcely affected the disappearance of NIEA. 3) Higenamine appeared to similar pattern with epinephrine in augmenting the PIEA, not affecting the NIEA. 4) Calcium ion slightly influenced the PIEA, rather hastened the disappearance of NIEA. From these result the positive inotropic action of higenamine was attributed solely to increment of PIEA.

흰쥐 기관평활근에 대한 GS 386의 칼슘억제 및 포스포디에스테라제 억제 작용

장기철,이회영,강영진,구의본 大韓藥理學會 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.3

최근 본 연구실에서는 GS 386인 1-(4'-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline이 적출된 토끼의 심방세포에서 <TEX>$Ca^{++}$</TEX> 채널의 운동성 변화없이 <TEX>$Ca^{++}$</TEX> 채널이 열릴 가능성을 줄임으로써 <TEX>$Ca^{++}$</TEX> 전류의 증폭을 억제한다고 보고하였다. 이번 연구에서는 적출된 쥐의 기관지를 사용하여 GS 386의 작용기전에 대해 연구하였다. GS386은 carbachol <TEX>$(0.3{\mu}M)$</TEX>과 높은 농도의 <TEX>$K^+$</TEX> (65.4mM)에 의해 수축된 쥐의 기관지를 용량-의존적으로 이완시켰으며 이때 <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX>는 5.24와 <TEX>$5.67\;{\mu}M$</TEX>이었다. verapamil은 carbachol에 의한 수축시 보다 높은 농도의 <TEX>$K^+$</TEX>에 의해 수축된 조직에 더욱 효과적으로 억제하였다. <TEX>$Ca^{++}$</TEX>이 없는 상태에서 <TEX>$Ca^{++}$</TEX>에 의한 수축은 GS386에 의해 억제되었다. 더욱이 높은 농도의 GS386<TEX>$(100\;{\mu}M)$</TEX>은 verapamil과는 다르게 carbachol뿐만 아니라 caffeine에 의한 위상성 수축을 억제 시키므로 GS386은 세포질내로 들어가 sarcoplasmic retuculum과 같은 근육 내부에 2차적인 영향을 나타내었다. 더군다나GS386은 verapamil에 의해 영향을 받지않는 (verapamil-insensitive component)이완을 보였고 쥐 기관지의 평활근에서 cAMP의 양을 증가 시켰다. 이러한 결과는 GS386의 작용기전이 <TEX>$Ca^{++}$</TEX> 길항적인 작용 뿐만 아니라 posphodiesterase억제작용에 기인한다는 사실을 제시한다. Recently we reported that GS 386, 1-(4'-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, inhibited amplitude of the <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX> current by reducing the probability of <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX> channel opening without changing channel kinetics in isolated rabbit atrial myocyte. In the present study, further investigation of the mechanism of action of GS 386 was performed using isolated rat trachealis. GS 386 concentration-dependently relaxed rat trachealis contracted by carbachol <TEX>$(0.3{\mu}M)$</TEX> and high <TEX>$K^+$</TEX>(65.4 mM) with <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> 5.24 and 5.67 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX>, respectively. Verapamil inhibited more effectively the high <TEX>$K^+-contracted$</TEX> tissues than those with carbachol in the rat trachealis muscle. In <TEX>$Ca^{2+}-free$</TEX> media, <TEX>$Ca^{2+}-induced$</TEX> contraction was inhibited by GS 386. Furthermore, high concentration of GS 386 <TEX>$(100{\mu}M)$</TEX> but not verapamil, attenuated a phasic contraction induced not only by carbachol but also caffeine, indicating that GS386 can enter into the cytoplasm where it may exert secondary actions on internal sites of the muscle, such as sarcoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, GS 386 showed verapamil-resistant component of relaxation and increased cAMP levels in rat trachal smooth muscle. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of GS 386 attributes to not only <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX> antagonistic action but also weak phosphodiesterase inhibitory action.

NMR을 이용한 홍삼의 용적밀도 측정 및 내부 조직 판별 ( Determination of Bulk Density and Internal Structure of Red Ginseng Root Using NMR )

장기철,R. Ruan 고려인삼학회 1998 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.22 No.2

다이알릴 프탈레이트에 대한 미생물분해(이분해성)시험 및 평가

장기철,송광식,김영훈,백정주,백한솔,신교직,최경호 한국고분자학회 2019 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.44 No.1

근적외 분광분석법을 이용한 한국산과 미국산 잎담배의 판별분석

장기철,김용옥,이경구 한국연초학회 1998 한국연초학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Discriminant analysis using near infrared spectra derived from Korean Flue-cured(KF) and American Flue-cured(AF), and also Korean Burley(KB) and American Burley(AB) tobacco was done to classify flue-cured and burley tobacco as either grown in Korea or grown in the USA. Samples were scanned in the wavelength of 400 ~ 2500 nm by near infrared analyzer(NIRSystem Co., model 6500). The discrimination equations for flue-cured and burley tobacco were developed using partial least square 2 method in Infrasoft International NIRS 3 software package. KF samples used for the development of the discrimination equations were higher contents of total sugar, crude ash and chlorine, and higher value of leaf density and brightness, but lower contents of nicotine, total nitrogen and ether extracts, and higher value of redness than those of AF samples. KB samples were higher contents of nicotine, crude ash and chlorine, but lower contents of ether extracts and value of brightness than those of AB samples. On 3 dimensional graph drawn with 3 principal component scores calculated with 3 principal component from KF and KB sample spectra, KF sample spectra were significantly different from AF, and also KB sample spectra were significantly different from AB. The discrimination equations of flue-cured and burley were developed with 3 principal component, respectively. The discrimination equations for flue-cured and burley had a standard error of 0.03 and 0.04, and a R2 of 0.88 and 0.84, respectively. The tobacco samples used for the development of discrimination equation were perfectly classified as KF and AF by flue-cured discrimination equation, and also perfectly classified KB and AB by burley discrimination equation, respectively. The correct classification rates of KF and AF samples not used for the development of discrimination equations were 9S % (828 out of 869 samples) and 98 % (98 out of 100 samples) by flue-cured discrimination equations, and KB and AB samples were 94%(345 out of 368 samples) and 100%(42 out of 42 samples) by burley discrimination equations, respectively.

잎담배 Hydrocarbon에 관한 연구

장기철,김용옥,이운철,Jang, Gi-Cheol,Kim, Yong-Ok,Lee, Un-Chul 한국연초학회 1990 한국연초학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This study was conducted to develop the method of hydrocarbon analysis and investigate hydrocarbon contents in flue-cured and burley tobacco leaves harvested in Korea and U.S.A. Tobacco leaf was extract with hexane in soxhlet apparatus. Hydrocarbon was fractionated from hexane extract by silica gel column chromatography, and then separated and indentified by GC, GC/MS using SE-54 fused silica capillary column. The developed method was feasible to analyze neophytadiene, normal and branched hydrocarbons from Clo to Cn. The result of recovery test was decade 99%, eicosane 100%, triacontane 102%. The major hydrocarbon of tobacco leaves were neophytadiene, nC3l, iC31, nC33, aC33, aC32, aC30 and nC29. The amount of total hydrocarbon in burley and flue-cured tobacco leaves harvested in U.S.A. and Korea were 4591, 2931, 2929 and 3015$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, respectively.

Partition Coefficient Test for 2,2’-Dithiodibenzoic Acid

장기철,최경호,신교직,배근열,이효선,허윤정,김영랑,백정주,김영훈,송광식,박성만 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.1

모든 화학물질은 '화학물질 등록 및 평가 등에 관한 법률'에 따라 화학물질등록을 하여야 하며, 독성자료 외에 기본적인 물리화학적성질 시험이 요구된다. 분배계수시험(OECD TG107)은 화학물질의 환경 중 거동을 예측하기 위해 n-옥탄올과 물 사이에 분배되는 정도를 측정하는 것을 말한다. 시험물질은 2,2'-Dithiodibenzoic acid이며, 수포화 n-옥탄올 및 n-옥탄올 포화수 조제는 n-옥탄올과 물 각각 300 ml를 분별깔대기에 넣고, 24시간이상 진탕 및 12시간이상 정치 후 n-옥탄올층과 물층을 각각 취하여 시험온도에서 보관 후 사용하였다. 시험용기에 시험용액(농도 100 mg/L) 1 mL를 넣고, 배양기(24 ℃) 내의 로테이터에서 20 rpm으로 5분간 진탕 후 물층(Aqueous phase)과 n-옥탄올층(Organic phase)을 분리하기 위해 2,000 rpm으로 30분간 원심분리하여 배양기에서 최소 1시간이상 보관하였다. n-옥탄올층과 물층에서 취한 시료를 다른 용기로 옮겨 각각 처리하여 HPLC 분석을 진행하였다. 분배계수시험 결과, 분배계수의 평균 logPow값은 1.07이며, 표준편차는 0.02로 판정기준 ±0.3이내로 산출되었다.