MDA기반 이동 단말 시스템 소프트웨어 개발 기법

이준상,채흥석,Lee Joon-Sang,Chae Heung-Seok 한국정보처리학회 2006 정보처리학회논문지D Vol.13 No.3

현대의 소프트웨어공학 관련 연구 중에서, 산업계가 궁극적으로 추구하는 수준의 생산성을 제공할 수 있는 기술은 아마도 프로덕트라인 공학이 될 것이다. 지금까지의 소프트웨어공학 기술로는 소프트웨어 개발 분야에 프로덕트라인 기법을 실질적이고 실용적으로 적용하기에는 아직 충분히 성숙하지 못한 것이 사실이다. 본 논문에서는 저자가 산업체에서 접한 과거 3년 동안의 PDA 스마트폰 개발 경험을 바탕으로 실용적 수준의 프로덕트라인 기법을 Model-Driven Architecture(MDA) 접근 방법을 통해 제안한다. 이동 단말 시스템의 경우 단말기 제조사, 목적 사용자 층, 이동 단말 사업자 등에 따라 다양한 형태의 소프트웨어가 존재한다. 특히, 최근에는 단말기 사용자가 직접 느낄 수 있는 지원 기능 구성 및 인터페이스 형식은 매우 다양한 형태가 존재하며, 같은 제조사에 시리즈 제품으로 개발하더라도 이 부분에 대한 변이성이 매우 큰 특징이 있다. 하지만, 전형적인 폰 관련 기능 모듈 즉, 음성호 및 화상전화 기능, 메시지, 주소록, 데이터통신, 카메라 및 멀티미디어 기능, 웹 브라우징 과 같은 큰 기능 묶음에 대한 피처(Feature)들은 자체의 다양한 기능적 요구사항과 함께 피처 간 상호 연관성을 크고 다양한 형태로 구성될 수 있는 특성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동 단말기에서 구현해야 하는 다양한 형태의 사용자 소프트웨어의 요구사항에 대해 사용 시나리오 상에서 구분 가능하고 의미 있는 장면의 연속 관계로 정의하여 추후 설계, 구현, 시험 단계에서도 소프트웨어 아키텍쳐 역할을 할 수 있는 개발 기법을 제안한다. 따라서, 요구분석 단계에서도 사용자 인터페이스 관점에서 전반적인 소프트웨어 아키텍쳐에 대해 검증할 수 있게 될 뿐만 아니라 소프트웨어 개발 주기 전 과정에서 그 구조를 사용자 인터페이스 관점에서 유지, 관리 할 수 있는 핵심적인 방법을 제공한다. Product-line engineering is a dreaming goal in software engineering research. Unfortunately, the current underlying technologies do not seem to be still not much matured enough to make it viable in the industry. Based on our experiences in working on mobile telephony systems over 3 years, now we are in the course of developing an approach to product-line engineering for mobile telephony system software. In this paper, the experiences are shared together with our research motivation and idea. Consequently, we propose an approach to building and maintaining telephony application logics from the perspective of scenes. As a Domain-Specific Language(DSL), Menu Navigation Viewpoint(MNV) DSL is designed to deal with the problem domain of telephony applications. The functional requirements on how a set of telephony application logics are configured can be so various depending on manufacturer, product concept, service carrier, and so on. However, there is a commonality that all of the currently used telephony application logics can be generally described from the point of user's view, with a set of functional features that can be combinatorially synthesized from typical telephony services(i.e. voice/video telephony, CBS/SMS/MMS, address book, data connection, camera/multimedia, web browsing, etc.), and their possible connectivity. MNV DSL description acts as a backbone software architecture based on which the other types of telephony application logics are placed and aligned to work together globally.

닭의장풀과 자주달개비에서 적색광과 이산화탄소에 의해 유도된 공변세포의 전위차 변화에 미치는 엽육세포의 영향

이준상,D . J . F . Bowling (Joon Sang Lee) 한국식물학회 1993 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.36 No.4

The effects of light and CO_2 on the electrophysiological characteristics of guard cells in the intact leaf and in the detached epidermis have been investigated. Guard cells in intact leaves showed the membrane hyperpolarization in response to light. The biggest induced change of the membrane potential difference (PD) in the guard cells of the intact leaf was 13 mV by light and 42 mV by CO_2 in Commelina communis. Similar results were obtained with Tradescantia virginiana. However, there were no changes of membrane PD in detached epidermis. In order to determine the influence of the mesophyll on the changes of membrane PD, infiltration of the mesophyll cells with photosynthetic inhibitors was performed. In CCCP infiltrated leaf discs the guard cell membrane was depolarized slightly by red-light and hyperpolarized by CO_2 but in leaf discs infiltrated with DCCD and DCMU the guard cell membrane was hyperpolrized by both red-light and CO_2 as the control leaf discs. In azide infiltrated leaf discs the guard cell membrane showed no response to light and there was a much reduced membrane hyperpolarization by CO_2 compared to other responses. It was likely that azide caused leaf damage and the activity of cell metabolism was decreased greatly, resulting in small membrane PD changes by CO_2 and no changes by red-light. Therefore, it can be suggested that red light was sensed by the mesophyll and the light induced guard cell membrane hyperpolarization was related to energy produced by cyclic-photophosphorylation, but CO_2-induced guard cell membrane hyperpolarization was not related to photosynthesis. Alkalisation of the vacuole was observed when the intact leaf was exposed to CO_2 indicating that membrane hyperpolarization was mainly the result of proton efflux.

닭의 장풀에서 빛 처리시 분리한 표피 또는 온전한 잎 표피의 아포플라스트내에 존재하는 슈크로스 , 포도당 및 말레이트의 농도 변화와 이들 화합물질들이 기공개폐에 미치는 영향

이준상,김기동 ( Joon Sang Lee,Ki Dong Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1996 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The effects of light on the change of apoplastic concentration of sucrose, D-glucose, and 2L-malate both of attached and detached epidermis was investigated. There was a considerable increase in the apoplastic concentration of sucrose (4.5mM), D-glucose (2.4mM), and L-malate (3.2mM) in the dark when compared with light treatment. When the intact leaf was exposed to light for 3 hours, stomatal aperture was 11.4㎛ but 0㎛ under the darkness. This suggests that the compouns transported from the mesophyll are stored in the apoplast during the dark and move into the guard cell cytoplasm when stomata start to open. When isolated epidermis was directly incubated with D-glucose and sucrose, they markedly inhibited stomatal opening. Sucrose (40%) was more effective in inhibiting stomatal opening than glucose (26%). Malate (93%) completely inhibited stomatal opening. ATP (5mM) and IAA stimulated stomatal opening by about 1m and 2.5㎛ respectively after 2 hours. These results indicate that there is a clear communication of photosynthetic compounds between mesophyll cells and epidermal cells, but anyone of the compounds we tested did not show as a trigger or stimulator of stomatal opening caused by light.

의료분쟁(醫療紛爭)에 있어서 의사(醫師)의 주의의무(注意義務)

이준상,최백희,Lee, Joon-Sang,Choi, Baik-Hi 대한예방의학회 1982 예방의학회지 Vol.15 No.1

A physician assumes toward his patient the obligation to use such reasonable care and skill as is commonly possessed and exercised by physicians in the same general line of practice in the same or similar localities and to use his best judgment at the times. Medical disputes between physicians and patients are, ever more increased in these days as human body, happens to cause a variety of changes in body unlike the function of machine. Such increased trends of medical disputes became a problem in common across the word under the influence of affluent living standard, high consciousness of life value and right by today's people. The aim of this dissertation is oriented to forming a physician's responsibilities in medicalcare accidents arising between physicians and patients. A general physician, for example, has not been negligent merely because, a specialist might have treated the patient with greater skill and knowledge. However, the fact that a physician may have acted to the best of his ability will not avoid legal problems for damages resulting from substandard treatment, that is the degree of care and skill which is to be expected of the ordinary practitioner in his field of practice. The duty of a physician who is, or holds himself out to be, a specialist is greater in the field of his specialty than one who is a general physician. A patient's consent to routine medical procedures is implied from the fact that patient comes to the physician with a medical problem and voluntarily submits to the procedures. For the more serious medical procedures and for major operations, however, it is preferable for the physician to have the patient's consent in writing, to facilitate proof of the consent in the event of a dispute or litigation. Suppose that mistakes on the part of physicians are likely to be blamed in all cases of malpractice. Then it will create a sort of shrinkage in activities of medical treatment. There should be some limitation on excessive application of 'The thing speaks for itself' on mistakes by physicians and availablity of cause and effect. It is a matter of complicity as well as a matter of importance to draw a definite boundary on responsibilities of physician. A series of further research on this particular aspect is strongly urged.

기공 메커니즘에 대한 CO₂의 역할은 무엇인가?

이준상,Lee, Joon Sang 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.30 No.1

$CO_2$는 기공 메커니즘에 어떤 영향을 주는가? 햇빛에 의해 유도된 기공 열림에서 독립적인 $CO_2$의 효과를 분리해서 본다는 것은 어려운 일이기 때문에, $CO_2$에 의한 기공 열림 메커니즘은 아직 명확하게 밝혀지지 않은 실정이다. 기공은 또한 $CO_2$ 농도에 따라 다르게 반응 할 수 있다. 기공 열림과 닫힘의 식물의 생체적인 리듬도 관여하므로, $CO_2$의 반응에 대한 해석은 많은 요소들을 고려해야 한다. 세포간극 내강 ($C_i$)의 감소된 $CO_2$에서는 기공을 열린다는 것이 일반적으로 정해진 사실이다. 기공 열림의 정도를 결정하는 것은 삼투 물질이고, $CO_2$가 삼투 물질의 수송에 영향을 준다고 가정하는 것이 $CO_2$가 기공 메커니즘에 영향을 주는 유일한 방법이다. 그러나 $CO_2$가 어떻게 공변세포 내의 삼투물질 농도에 영향을 주는지 그 메커니즘은 불분명하다. 지금까지, $CO_2$는 공변세포의 삼투퍼텐셜을 증가시키는 이온과 유기물이 어떻게 공변세포 막을 통한 수송 메커니즘이 이루어지는지는 알려진 것이 없다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 $CO_2$에 의한 삼투물질들의 공변세포 막 투과성에 대해 초점을 두었다. 잎을 일정한 농도의 $CO_2$에 노출할 때 $CO_2$-관련된 반응들이 나타난다. 빛에 의한 기공 열림의 가설은 $K^+$, $Cl^-$, 슈크로스 그리고 말산$^{2-}$를 포함하는 공변세포 내 삼투물질 농도의 증가에 있다. $CO_2$가 $H^+$를 세포 밖으로 방출하는 것을 나타내는 막의 과분극 (hyperpolarization)을 유도했다는 보고가 있다. 이는 $CO_2$가 막 투과성에 관련된 첫 번째 증거이다. 온전한 잎에서 $CO_2$는 빛에 의해 유도된 막의 과분극보다 3~4 배까지 공변세포의 막 과분극을 유도했다. 이러한 결과들은 $CO_2$가 막 투과성에 영향을 주는 인지질 이중층과 수송단백질의 물리적인 특성에 변화를 초래한다는 것을 의미한다. How does $CO_2$ affect on the stomatal mechanism? The mechanism of stomatal opening by $CO_2$ is not clear as it is difficult to see $CO_2$ effect on light-induced stomatal opening. Furthermore, stomata may react differently according to the concentration of $CO_2$. The significance of the possible endogenous rhythms must consider to understand on $CO_2$-related response. It is clear that $CO_2$ has an effect on the accumulation of osmotic materials which determines the degree of stomatal apertures because it is known that stomata open in the condition of the reduced $CO_2$ concentration. However, it is not fully understood how $CO_2$ leads to the stomatal opening. It has been thought that $CO_2$ can not affect on the ion fluxes which determines the increase of osmotic potential in guard cells. However, in this study, the changes of guard cell membrane permeability by $CO_2$ have been focused on. There are many reports that $CO_2$ related reactions are dominant when the leaf is exposed to certain a mount of $CO_2$. The hypothesis of the stomatal opening by light is based on the increase of osmotic materials in guard cells including $K^+$, $Cl^-$, sucrose and $malate^{2-}$. It was reported that $CO_2$ induced a big hyperpolarization indicating that $H^+$ was extruded to the cell outside. It was also found that $CO_2$ caused guard cell membrane hyperpolarization in the intact leaf up to 3 or 4 times higher than that of light induced membrane hyperpolarization. These results represent that $CO_2$ can affect on the change of physical characteristics which affects on the change of the membrane permeability.

표면 젖음성 정도에 따른 버블역학의 대류열전달에 대한 영향 분석

이준상(Joon Sang Lee),김종현(Jonghyun Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2016 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

결핵성 임파선염에 의한 폐쇄성 황달

이준상(Joon Sang Lee),김한성(Han Sung Kim),박양훈(Yang Hun Park),한경근(Gyung Geun Han),권기호(Ki Ho Kwon),이동윤(Dong Yun Lee) 대한소화기학회 1993 대한소화기학회지 Vol.25 No.5

The most common causes of biliary tract obstruction are choledocholithiasis and neoplastic disease. Obstructive jaundice produced by tuberculous lymphadenitis without pulmonary or miliary tuberculosis is quite rare. We are reporting a case of young man who has weight loss, and the subsequent development of jaundice who was found to have tuberculosis of the lymph nodes surrouning the biliary tract. The lymph node was obtained for frozen biopsy and it was confirmed to be tuberculous granuloma. Choledochoduodenostomy with lymph node dissection was performed. The patient also continued to receive antituberculous chemotherapy

Salicylic acid 가 닭의장풀의 광합성에 미치는 영향

이준상(Joon Sang Lee) 한국환경생물학회 1999 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.17 No.3

The effect of Salicylic acid (SA) on the leaf growth, cholorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance in Commelina communis L. was investigated. C. communis which was grown in Hoagland solution containing 1 mM SA during 3 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of leaf length, width and area. 1 mM SA reduced about 10% of the leaf area at 1 week and 2 weeks, but inhibited 22% of the leaf area at 3 weeks. SA also showed great effect on the reduction of chlorophyll content. SA reduced 47% and 53% of chlorophyll content each at 2 weeks and 3 weeks when it was compared with the control. Chlorophyll a/b ratio in SA treated sample was increased at 3 weeks representing that SA was sensitive to chlorophyll b. The treatment of SA did not show direct effect on the photosynthetic electron transport activity. However, when C. communis was grown in Hoagland solution containing 1mM SA for long period, SA showed clear inhibition of photosyhthesis in intact leaves. The treatment of SA for 3 weeks showed about 23∼65% inhibition of photosynthetic activity at various light intensity (100∼1000μmol m^-2s^-1). Similar effect was found on stomatal conductance. The treatment of SA caused an almost closure of stomata. Similar effects of stomatal conductance at various light intensity indicate a loss of normal control on stomatal mechanism. These results indicate that the effect of SA on photosynthetic activity was not by SA itself but by indirect metabolic pathway. [photosynthesis, salicylic acid, stomatal conductance].

생물 II 교과서의 기공에 대한 내용과 변해가는 기공 이론

이준상 ( Joon Sang Lee ) 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2014 과학교육연구논총 Vol.29 No.2

한글 초록 내용 (100-200 단어 사이의 분량으로 작성한다.) Until the late 1960s, carbohydrates were regarded as primary osmotica modulating stomatal opening. However, the discovery of the important role of potassium uptake led to the replacement of the starch-sugar hypothesis for stomatal opening. Since then, stomatal opening researches were mainly focused on how K+ transported in and out of the cells as stomata open and closed. In addition, there are unsolved questions about photoreceptors and disputes about the role of guard cell chloroplasts. While these kinds of disputes, some of recent studies showed the coincides that sucrose may play a major role in guard cell osmoregulation supporting the original theory of starch-sugar hypothesis. In Biology II text books of high school, the content of the theory of stomatal mechanism was originated from the hypothesis before 1990s. There was a great gap about stomatal mechanism between Biology II and recent papers. Therefore it would be recommendable to understand how the theory of stomatal mechanism is currently changing to teachers. Key words: Biology II, blue light, sucrose,

표면 젖음성 정도에 따른 버블역학의 대류열전달에 대한 영향 분석

이준상(Joon Sang Lee),김종현(Jonghyun Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2015 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10