화서 이항로의 도덕국가론―탈근대적 국가상을 위한 비판적 검토―

이승연(Lee Sung-Yeon) 동양사회사상학회 2004 사회사상과 문화 Vol.9 No.-

본 논문은 제국주의로 전락할 수밖에 없었던, 또 설령 제국주의로 전락하지 않더라도 국가의 배타적 이익 추구를 전제로 하는 서구 근대 국민국가의 모순과 한계를 지적하고 그 대안적 국가상을 화서華西 이항로李恒老(1792~1868)의 국가 사상에서 발견하고자 한 것이다. 주지하는 바와 같이, 이항로는 서구 문화의 유입에 따른 충격과 내부적 모순이 극대화된 19세기, 주자학의 재확립을 통해 사회 질서의 재구축을 도모하였던 위정척사파의 중심 인물이다. ‘근대’가 사상사 연구의 한 기축을 이루면서 한때 봉건 질서의 옹호자로 배척받기도 했던 그의 사상은, 60년대부터 자주적 민족주의가 강조되면서, 이후 그의 제자들에 의해 주도된 의병항쟁과 더불어 자주적 민족주의의 선구로 재평가되기도 했다. 그러나 그는 분명 전통적 질서의 옹호자였지만 당시의 부패한 조선을 옹호한 것은 아니었으며, 서구 세력에 대항하며 그들의 전통을 수호하고자 하였지만 우리가 말하는 민족주의자는 아니었다. 실제로 그들의 ‘국가’는 근대 국민국가 개념으로는 정의될 수 없는 그들만의 ‘국가’였던 것이다. 그에 대한 이처럼 상반된 평가는 그 평가의 기준이 ‘근대’와 ‘민족주의’라고하는, 일견 상이한 것 같으면서도 ‘근대’라고 하는 동일한 뿌리에서 파생된 오늘날의 우리의 잣대로 그들을 보고자 한 것에 기인할 것이다. 따라서 본고는 근대 국민국가와는 정면으로 대치되는, 또 근대 국민국가의 틀안에서는 설명될 수 없는 이항로의 국가 사상을 통해 유가적 국가 사상의 의의를 재조명하는 한편, 그의 국가 사상을 기초로 탈근대적 국가상을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 먼저 유가적 국가 사상의 근간이 되는 『대학』과 『춘추』를 중심으로 이항로의 전체적인 국가 사상을 개괄적으로 소묘하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 19세기 조선이라고 하는 특수한 상황 속에서 서양에 대한 대항적 언설로 구성된 그의 국가 사상의 특징과 의의를 규명하고자 한다. The present paper attempts to point out the self-contradiction and the limitation of the modern Western republic that premises on the exclusionary pursuit of the national interests--if it could not but inevitably degenerate into the imperialism--and seeks to discover the alternative national image in the national ideology of HwaSuh Hang-Ro Lee(1792~1868). As it has been noted, Lee was the central figure among the “위정척사 WeeJungChuckSah” who attempted to re-structure the social order through re-establishment of the JuJaism in the mid 19th century when the shock and inner-conflicts from the introduction of the Western culture had reached its peak. Lee had once been accused as a defender of the feudal order, and his ideas had been rejected, when the modernism was established as a main current of the philosophical ideas. Since the 1960s when the spirit of the national independence was emphasized, Lee’s ideas, along with the armed struggle for the independence led by his followers, have been re-evaluated as the pioneering ideas for the self-determinative nationalism. Although he clearly supported the traditional order, he did not defend the corrupt government of Chosun; he struggled to defend her heritage against the encroaching Western forces, but he was not the kind of nationalist as we know of. In reality, his ‘nation’ was an idea of his own that could not be defined by the modern, concept of the republic. The conflicting critiques of Lee are perhaps due to the fact that the modern measuring stick we use is based on both converging and contradicting ideas of the modernism and the nationalism. The present paper, therefore, seeks to illumine anew the Confucianistic national ideology through Lee’s national ideology, which stands opposite of the modern republic and can not be explained within the framework of the modern republic. At the same time, based on Lee’s nationalism, the present paper seeks to explore a national image that transcends the modern national ideology.

심곡서원의 조영과정과 배치에 관한 연구 - 사료 및 발굴조사결과를 중심으로 -

이승연,이상해,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Lee, Sang-Hae 한국건축역사학회 2010 건축역사연구 Vol.19 No.3

Sewon was a new type of private academy established by a class landed Confucian scholars known as sarim. During Joseon dynasty, sewon had dual functions as a shrine and a place of learning. The site plan of seowon appeared mainly two types of site plan according to the indications of the age and school. This paper was done to analyze the site plan and construction history of Simgok seowon with historical materials and excavation investigation result. Simgok seowon is dedicated to Jo Gwang-jo(1482~1519). This private Confucian academy was founded in 1605 as a small shrine, which was destroyed in 1636. Thereafter, when the shrine received a royal warrant naming as Simgok seowon in 1650, the new site for the seowon was chosen, which is currently located in Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si Sanghyeon-ri 203. Since then, buildings of Simgok seowon was constructed and repaired couple of times. Through the investigation, it was found that the site plan of Simgok seowon was originally a type of 'jeonjaehudang', that is, dormitory building between the lecture hall and the outer gate, or dormitory building is in front and lecture hall is in behind.

참나무 5종의 생태 복원 적지 추정을 위한 경제림 육성단지의 기후와 입지 요인 분석

이승연,김의주,이응필,조규태,박재훈,이영근,정상훈,홍용식,박진희,최승세,김해란,유영한,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Eung-Pill,Cho, Kyu-Tae,Park, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Young-Keun,Chung, Sang-Hoon,Hong, Yong-Sik,Park, Jin-Hee,Choi, Seung-Se,Kim 한국하천호수학회 2020 생태와 환경 Vol.53 No.4

The most important thing to successfully restore an oak forest is finding suitable climatic conditions and topographic factors for the oak species to be introduced. In this study, in order to find suitable environmental conditions for the five dominant oak trees on the Korean Peninsula, we carried out analysing the information on the location of forest vegetation on the Korean Peninsula. The range of annual mean temperature of the five oak trees was narrow in the order of Q. mongolica (7.7~14.3℃), Q. variabilis (9.2~13.8℃), Q. acutissima (10.5~14.3℃), Q. serrata (11.4~13.7℃), Q. aliena (11.0~12.9℃). The range of annual precipitation of oaks was narrow in order of Q. mongolica (1072.7~1780.9 mm), Q. variablis (1066.6~1554.9 mm), Q. acustissima (1036.5~1504.8 mm), Q. serrata (1062.6~1504.7 mm). The range of altitude was in order of Q. mongolica (147~1388m), Q. serrata (93~950m), Q. variabilis(90~913m), Q. acustissima (60~516m), Q. aliena (55~465 m). The range of slope was in the order of Q. mongolica (8~56°), Q. variabilis(5~52°), Q. serrata (11~45°), Q. aliena (15~38°), Q. acustissima (16~37°). These results are considered to be very useful in the case of ecological restoration using deciduous oak trees on the Korean Peninsula.

여주 고달사지의 가람배치 변천과 주요 건물지에 관한 복원적 연구 - $1{\sim}5$차 발굴조사 결과를 중심으로 -

이승연,장경호,이상해,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Chang, Kyung-Ho,Lee, Sang-Hae 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.2

Studies and reports on buddhist temples in Goryeo dynasty are rarely In the present situation. At this point of time new excavational reports and historic records offer many materials to understand a architecture in Goryeo period. Especially, temple site have various transitions, it is of great value to study. This article attempted a restorative study of a location, function, spacial arrangement, structure, building age is based on a measure and transition of temple layout that is based on the excavational result and related historic documents about Godal temple site in Yeoju. Gadal temple site was a representative Zen buddhist temple in Goryeo Dynasty. It was difficult of access by watercourse because it was located in an inland in the upper Han River. Archaeological research and historical records has reveals that the temple was constructed with a minium of four levels[six terms]. We could recognized the central site of temple and buildings were constantly established, enovated or collapsed. It has went through many transition according as it encountered new sects and doctrines. Also it should perform various functions and overcome given conditions. Ultimately it let see greater diversity in the spacial composition, and layout. That is to say it were planed several separate areas, each was consisted of main buildings, once again was integrated into one temple.

Helicobacter pylori의 한약 치료에 대한 연구

이승연,박상은,홍상훈,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Park, Sang-Eun,Hong, Sang-Hoon 대한한방내과학회 2012 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives : Many studies have shown that helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with gastroduodenal diseases. The purpose of this report was to evaluate recently published research on the influence of oriental herbal medicine on H. pylori infections. Methods : Recently published literature were systematically compared with their findings of how oriental herbal medical treatment affects H. pylori-associated disease. Results : The eradication rate of H. pylori in oriental herbal medicine groups was 66.93% while it was 66.02% in western medicine groups. In oriental herbal plus western medicine groups, interestingly, the rate increased to 84.78%. On the other hand, the total treatment efficacy rate of H. pylori in oriental herbal medicine groups was 91.27%. The treatment efficacy rate in oriental herbal plus western medicine groups rose to a record 93.22%, which was 15.34% higher than the rate in western medicine groups. In addition, the rate of adverse effects was 2.71%, 4.85%, 15.80% in oriental herbal medicine, western medicine, and oriental herbal plus western medicine groups, respectively. Diarrhea was most frequently observed in oriental herbal medicine groups, while nausea was most frequently observed in the other groups. Conclusions : The results of this study showed that herbal medicinal treatment can increase the rate of H. pylori eradication and improve H. pylori-related gastrointestinal symptoms. These findings suggest that herbal medicine can solve the problems including side effects due to antibiotic resistance of standard triple therapy.

비염(鼻炎) 환자(患者)에 관(關)한 임상적(臨床的) 관찰(觀察)

이승연,박동일,Lee, Sung-Yeon,Park, Dong-Ill 한국한의학연구원 1995 한국 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The clinical study was done as apreliminary to treat Rhinitis with orinetal medicine. We analysed 73 patients with sneezing, nasal discharge and nasal obstruction, who had visited Kept. of Internal Medicine. Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Dongui University from Jan, 1, 1993 to Dec, 31, 1993. The result swere obtained as follows. 1. In the sex ratio, man was higher than woman as 2.31:1 and in age distribution, below 10s was the top as 30.14% 2. In duration of hestory, over one year was the top as 64.38% 3. The most complained symptoms were nasal discharge and nasal obstruction as 94.52% 4. In the frequency of treatments, the cooler season was more than the warmer season 5. In the treatments of Medi-acupunctrer, most of acupuncture therapy was oden less than 5 times and Seonotanggami was most rsed in presciptions. 6. In the case of applying to Seonotanggami, nasal discharge was the most relieved symptom.

철기시대 철자형(凸字形).여자형(呂字形) 및 한성백제기 육각형(六角形) 주거지(住居址)의 평면과 구조 형식에 관한 연구

이승연,이상해,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Lee, Sang-Hae 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.4

The '凸'-shaped, the '呂'-shaped and the hexagonal-shaped pit houses were excavated at the Youngdong area, some location along the upper the Imjin River and Han River between the Iron age and the kingdom of Hanseong Baekje. The aim of this study is to analyze various structural system and developement of the pit house with rectangular plan. It is considered a matter in all its aspects which are plan, scale, aspect, pillar holes, carbonized wood and several traces. These pit houses removes the pillar on the inside or it reduces to secure a wider space, it pursued the chamfered corner, the change of the front, the entrance fixed. Also these adopted diverse structural systems(the chuandou structure, the structural system of columns and beams and a bearing wall). But in the course of time, the Korean wooden architecture is developed gradually the structural system of columns and beams. It is presumed the result that overcome the limit with the close space and pursue the flowing space and compose a group of organizable buildings.

만취정(晩翠亭)의 장소 전승과 원형경관향유 양상

이승연 ( Lee Seung-yeon ),신상섭 ( Shin Sang-sup ),강병선 ( Kahng Byung-seon ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2016 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구는 기문과 시문이 장소성의 함의와 원형경관의 유추 및 향유양상을 탐색할 수 있는 근거가 될 수 있다는 전제로 임실만취정의 원래 위치 및 이건된 위치에서 입지 및 원형경관을 탐색하고 그 의미를 추론하였다. 임실 만취정의 이건 전ㆍ후의 장소적가치와 원형경관 보존을 위해 시도된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정자의 당호 만취(晩翠)는 작정자 김위가 자신의 호로 삼았으며, 소나무를 마주보게 심고 만취라 편액하였는데, 시문에 근거하면 푸른 소나무와 같은 꿋꿋한 기개를 상징하고 있다. 특히 정자에 내재된 의미와 도입된 상징식물 등을 살펴보았을 때 당호는 절개, 가문의 장생, 생명력 등을 반영한 것으로 해석된다. 둘째, 만취정은 풍수적으로 강 건너 제비형국과 마주한 사두형에 자리잡아 팽팽한균형을 갖고 있어 절개와 가문 번영을 염원하는 장소성을 지니고 있다. 한편, 이건된 만취정은 풍수적 복치형(伏雉形) 형국으로 해석되는데, 학문과 가문 번영에 대한 계승노력이 전승되고 있음을 유추할 수 있다. 셋째, 만취정은 1572년에서 1582년 사이에 건립되었으며, 이건은 1880년대 말에 이루어졌을 것으로 추정하였다. 넷째, 만취정은 변치 않는 절개와 가문번영의 염원을 장소적 언어로 대입시켰으나 후손들에 의해 만취 김위의 묘 옆으로 이건 됨으로서 조상 추모, 후손 학문번영이라고 하는 가치이동 양상이 추적된다. 다섯째, 이건된 만취정은 온돌방에 비중을 둔 사계절 활용, 공간 확장성을 고려한 툇마루, 주련의 내용 등으로 볼 때 강학공간으로서의 의미를 공유, 전승한 것으로 추론된다. 여섯째, 제영시에 나타난 소나무, 연못, 식물, 계곡, 시냇물 등을 통해 절개, 지조, 깨긋한 심성, 유유자적한삶, 자아성찰, 인생무상 등의 의미가 투영되는 경관향유 양상이 드러나고 있다. 마지막으로 십영의 제영 언어는 원운과 차별성이 인정되지만 의미나 감흥을 통해 원운십영이 지닌 원형경관 향유양상은 전승되고 있는바 관련 시문분석에 따른 경관탐색은 원형경관보존 및 활용을 위한 근거가 될 수 있음을 보여준다. This study is based on the assumption that the documentations, and poetry form a basis for undertone of the location and original landscape explored by inference and enjoyment aspects; the significance has been inferred by investigating the original location, relocated location, and the original landscape of Imsil Manchwi Pavilion. The results of the attempted research for locational value, and preservation of the original landscape before and after the relocation of Imsil Manchwi Pavilion is as follows. Firstly, Manchwi, meaning evergreen, was made a pseudonym of KimWi. The name reflects an image two evergreen pine trees facing one another. The poetry form presents the eternal fidelity. In addition, considering the symbolic plant and the meaning of evergreen pine trees specified on the pavilion, the name is derived from the fidelity, longevity of the family, vitality and so on. Secondly, Manchwi Pavilion was founded in the location, known as the snakehead form, that represents the vitality. Snake faces the swallow form over the river, therefore, it connotes the wishes for fidelity and prosperity of the family. Manchwi Pavillion is prostrate pheasant form which is suitable for those who look for a hiding place or place for their study. It is noticeable that the location infers and hand down the efforts on succession for prosperity of the family and the study. Thirdly, it is estimated that Manchwi Pavilion was established between 1572 and 1582; and the relocation was conducted in the late 1880s. Fourthly, although eternal fidelity was presented in Manchwi Pavillion with locational language, the Manchwi Pavillion after its relocation next to KimWi’s grave implies the tendency of the changed value: the commemoration of the ancestors, and prosperity of the family. Fifthly, after the relocation of the pavilion, the proportion of the rooms with Korean heating system, so-called‘Ondol’has been increased for its best use in all seasons. And its veranda for extension and its verse couplet implies that this connote the original meaning and pursuit of the study. Sixthly, the way that the poetry portrays pine trees, pond, plants, valleys, and streams shows the aspect of enjoyment of the landscapes and the meaning of fidelity, pure mind, free and easy life, self-examination, the frailty of human life. Lastly, despite the difference between tenth poetic language of three Sipyoung and Wonwoon Sipyeong, exploring the landscape based on the analysis on the poetry can be a basis on the maintenance and restoration of the original landscape as the inspiration and the meaning show that Wonwoon Sipyeong maintains the aspect of the author enjoying original landscape.

주자 예학의 현대적 독해 - 주자 예학의 형식주의적 특성을 중심으로

이승연(Lee Sung-Yeon) 동양사회사상학회 2007 사회사상과 문화 Vol.15 No.-

  주자 예학에 관해서는 상반된 두 가지 견해가 존재하고 있다. 그 하나는 주자 예학이 수사洙泗 예학과는 달리 예의 형식적인 측면을 강조함으로써 예의 경직화, 타율화를 초래하였다는 것이다. 물론 이것은 조선사회 정체론의 이론적 근거가 되기도 했다. 또 하나는 그럼에도 불구하고 그 형식성의 주범이라 할 수 있는『주자가례』 는 오늘날 우리가 보존하고 계승해야 할 우리 전통의 일부라는 것이다. 조선시대 사대부 사이에서나 시행되었던 관례冠禮나 계례?禮가 오늘날 전통의 일부로서 재연되고 있는 것이 그 단적인 예라 할 수 있을 것이다.<BR>  본 논문은 논제에서 밝힌 것처럼 주자 예학을 형식주의적 관점에서 재조명하고자 한 것이다. 그것은 먼저 주자 예학을 둘러싼 이처럼 상반된 평가가 그 형식성에 대한 충분한 이론적 검토를 거치지 않았다는 것에 대한 반성이라 할 수 있다. 만약 그 형식성이 단순히 인간을 억압하기 위한 수단에 불과했다면 그것의 현대적 계승은 무의미한 일이 될 뿐이기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 주로 주자 예학의 형식주의적 특성에 주안점을 두고 그 형식주의가 지닌 의의를 규명하고자 하였다. 둘째, 본 논문에서는 주자 예학이 고례古禮와 시속時俗의 절충, 즉 전통과 현대의 조화에 바탕을 둔 것임을 논증하고, 그것을 기반으로 그가 고례와 시속을 절충하는 논리적 근거를 밝히고자 하였다. 그가 고례를 계승하는 방법은 오늘날 우리가 전통례를 계승하는 데 하나의 모델이 될 수 있다고 생각하기 때문이다.<BR>  본 논문은 주자 예학의 형식주의적 특성이 지닌 의의를 규명하고 그것을 바탕으로 전통 의례로서 주자 예학의 현대적 계승 방법을 모색하고자 한 것이다.   There are two contrary opinions About Juja Rye-thought. The one is Juja Rye-thought is caused rigidity and heteronomy by emphasizing formal features of Li unlike Susa(洙泗) Rye-thought. Of course this was on basis the Joseon society stalemate. The other is that Jujagarai(朱子家禮) is a part of what we should preserve and inherit. It is one of the examples that Gwan-rye(冠禮) or Gye-rye(?禮) which was practiced by among the Joseon Dynasty’s Sadaebu(士大夫) is replayed as a part of the traditions today.<BR>  The purpose of this paper is to reconsider Juja Ryei-thought from formal point of view as it was mentioned from the theme. This contrary evaluation is the reflection that there were not sufficient theoretical examinations about Juja Rye-thought. If the formality is just to suppress humans, modern inheritance of it will be a meaningless thing. Therefore on this paper I tried to examine meaning of formal features on Juja Li-thought and seek for modern inheriting ways of Juja Rye-thought.

생활체육광장지도자들의 직무스트레스가 작업의식 및 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

이승연(Lee, Seung-Yeon),원영신(Won, Young-Shin),조성원(Jo, Sung-Won) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.6

This study carried out a questionnaire objecting to national life gymnastics leaders, and then used the data of total 303 answers to actual analysis. The study executed frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis by using Window SPSS 18 version, and its results were displayed same as follows. First, regarding to effects of Job-stress in Square leaders of Sports-for-all on Job-consciousness, physical/mental stresses, and job characteristics were appeared to affect significant influences to duty awareness and professional environment consciousness. Second, in relation with effects of Job-stress in life gymnastics leaders on self-efficacy, physical/mental stress, duty characteristics and communication factors showed significant influences to self-efficacy.