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심근경색 모델 흰쥐에서 스트레스가 B-type Natriuretic Peptide 발현 및 심박변이율 변화에 미치는 영향
이삼윤(Sam Youn Lee),이미경(Mi Kyoung Lee),김남호(Nam-ho Kim),주민철(Min Cheol Joo),조항정(Hyang Jeong Jo),강지숙(Ji Sook Kang),김병숙(Byung Sook Kim),윤선식(Sun Sik Yoon),최을식(Eul Sig Choi),이문영(Moon Young Lee) 대한스트레스학회 2010 스트레스硏究 Vol.18 No.3
심박변이율의 감소는 심근 경색 환자에서 예후의 악화와 관련되어 있다. 심박변이율 중 very low frequency가 심부전환자의 예후를 판단할 수 있는 독립적 인자로서 사용이 가능하다고 보고된 바 있으며, 심실의 압력 증가에 반응해서 생성되는 B-type natriuretic peptide가 심근 경색의 예후 인자로서 사용할 수 있음 역시 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 심근경색 모델을 제작하여 일정의 회복 기간을 거친 다음 다시 일정 기간의 스트레스를 겪게 한 후 심박변이율의 변화 및 심실 조직에서의 BNP 발현 정도를 비교하여 스트레스에 의한 영향을 관찰하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 15마리를 대상으로 하였다. 실험동물은 인위적 스트레스 및 수술을 받지 않은 대조군(CON, n=5), 심근경색 수술을 받은 후 restraint stress를 받지 않은 군(MI+No Stress, n=5), 심근경색 수술을 받은 후 1주일 동안 restraint stress를 받은 군(MI+Stress, n=5)으로 분류하였다. 심근경색 모델 제작 직후 15분 이상 심전도의 변화를 기록하였으며, 2개월 정도 후 심근경색 수술을 받은 동물을 두 군으로 나누어 그 중 한 군에는 1주일 동안 restraint stress를 가한 후 restraint stress를 가하지 않은 동물과 심박변이율을 비교 분석하였다. 심실 조직은 좌심실 전벽 부위의 위축을 관찰할 수 있었고, 대식세포에 의하여 응고, 괴사된 심근세포의 탐식과 혈관이 풍부한 육아조직 및 섬유 변화를 볼 수 있었다. 심박변이율은 심근경색 수술을 받은 직후 심박수는 유의한 증가를 보였고, standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals (SDNN), very low frequency (VLF) 및 low frequency (LF)의 유의한 감소를 보였다. 심근경색 수술을 받았던 동물에서 두 달 정도의 회복 기간을 거친 후 스트레스를 받지 않은 군은 심박수 및 기타 심박변이율 분석에서 SDNN 값을 제외하고는 정상군과 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었던 반면 1주일 동안 스트레스를 받은 군에서는 심박수가 다시 유의하게 증가했을 뿐만 아니라 SDNN, VLF 및 LF 역시 정상군과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 심근경색 동물에 대해 1주일 동안 스트레스를 가한 결과 심박변이율이 감소하고 심실에서의 BNP 발현은 더욱 증가하여 악화함을 보여주고 있다. Diminished heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with less favorable prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI). It has been reported that very low frequency (VLF) power in HRV analysis is an independent risk predictor in patients with congestive heart failure and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be used as a prognostic factor of MI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether stress has an effect to the changes of BNP expression and/or heart rate variability in MI model in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (CON), MI group (MI+No Stress), and MI followed by stress group (MI+Stress). MI+Stress group rats were raised for a two month recovery period after the operation, followed by being exposed to restraint stress for 2 hours per day for 1 week. Electrocardiogram was recorded after the operation and the last day after 1 week of stress. The frequency components of HRV were calculated in the frequency domain such as VLF, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and so on. In HRV analysis, standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals (SDNN) was significantly reduced in both groups compared to the control group. VLF and LF also were significantly reduced in MI+Stress group compared to the control groups. In addition, BNP expression in western blotting was shown the strongest bands in MI+ Stress group among experimental groups. These results suggest that BNP and HRV were aggravated by stress in MI rat model. (Korean J Str Res 2010;18:275∼285)
폴리머 기판 위에 전사된 실리콘 박막의 기계적 유연성 연구
이미경,이은경,양민,천민우,이혁,임재성,좌성훈,Lee, Mi-Kyoung,Lee, Eun-Kyung,Yang, Min,Chon, Min-Woo,Lee, Hyouk,Lim, Jae Sung,Choa, Sung-Hoon 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2013 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.20 No.3
현재까지 유연한 전자소자 개발은 주로 인쇄전자 기술을 이용한 유기재료 기반 위주로 연구 및 개발이 진행되어 오고 있다. 그러나 유기 기반의 소자는 성능 및 신뢰성에 많은 제약이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무기재료 기반의 실리콘 고성능 유연 전자소자를 개발하기 위한 방법으로 나노 및 마이크로 두께의 단결정 실리콘 박막을 transfer printing 기술을 이용하여 유연기판에 전사하여 제작하였다. 제작된 유연소자는 굽힘 시험과 인장 시험을 통하여 유연 신뢰성을 평가하였다. PI 기판에 부착된 두께 200 nm의 박막은 굽힘 시험 결과, 곡률 반경 4.8 mm 까지 굽힐 수 있었으며, 따라서 굽힘 유연성이 매우 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 인장 시험 결과 인장 변형률 1.8%에서 박막이 파괴되었으며, 기존 실리콘 박막에 비하여 연신율이 최대 1% 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. FPCB 기판에 부착된 마이크로 두께의 실리콘 박막의 경우 칩이 얇아질수록 굽힘 유연성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었으며, $20{\mu}m$ 두께의 박막의 경우 곡률 반경 2.5 mm 까지 굽힐 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 유연성의 증가는 실리콘 박막과 유연 기판 사이의 접착제의 완충작용 때문이다. 따라서 유연 전자소자의 유연성을 증가시키기 위해서는 박막 제작 시 공정 중의 결함을 최소화하고, 적절한 접착제를 사용한다면 유연성을 크게 증가시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Development of flexible electronic devices has primarily focused on printing technology using organic materials. However, organic-based flexible electronics have several disadvantages, including low electrical performance and long-term reliability. Therefore, we fabricated nano- and micro-thick silicon film attached to the polymer substrate using transfer printing technology to investigate the feasibility of silicon-based flexible electronic devices with high performance and high flexibility. Flexibility of the fabricated samples was investigated using bending and stretching tests. The failure bending radius of the 200 nm-thick silicon film attached on a PI substrate was 4.5 mm, and the failure stretching strain was 1.8%. The failure bending radius of the micro-thick silicon film attached on a FPCB was 2 mm, and the failure strain was 3.5%, which showed superior flexibility compared with conventional silicon material. Improved flexibility was attributed to a buffering effect of the adhesive between the silicon film and the substrate. The superior flexibility of the thin silicon film demonstrates the possibility for flexible electronic devices with high performance.
이미경,송종례,오은경,윤영미,Lee, Mi Kyoung,Song, Chong Rye,Oh, Eun Kyung,Yoon, Young Mi 한국가정간호학회 2017 가정간호학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Purpose: The study aimed to describe the utilization of home healthcare in patients using home mechanical ventilator(HMV) Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used in this study. A Questionnaires were sent to nation wide home healthcare agencies to assess their utilization status of home healthcare. A convenience sample of 158 patients data was reviewed. Result: A total of 88(55.7%) men with the mean age of 51.94(${\pm}19.52$) years were included in the study. Approximately 55.1% of patients at the outpatient department were referred to the home healthcare services after discharge. The underlying diseases were as follows : 129 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 27 muscular dystrophies. A total of 155 patients have invasive HMV. Efficient home healthcare nursing activities provided by a highly skilled home healthcare advanced practice nurses(HHCAPN) were tracheotomy and gastrostomy tube management and urinary catheterization. The average frequency of home visit for one patient was 2.52times per month. The duration of home healthcare utilization with >1 year was 82.9%. HHCAPNs have limited knowledge and skill for HMV. Conclusion: The government support is required to provide sufficient home healthcare services to the patients discharged with HMV. HHCAPNs should be properly educated on the effective HMV care.
슬관절 전치환술 환자의 조기퇴원 후 가정간호 운동 프로그램이 슬관절기능 상태와 삶의 질에 미치는 효과
이미경,이인희,주정혜,황문숙,서재곤,성영희,Lee, Mi-Kyoung,Lee, In-Hee,Ju, Jung-Hea,Hwang, Mun-Suk,Seo, Jai-Gon,Sung, Young-Hee 대한근관절건강학회 2005 근관절건강학회지 Vol.12 No.2
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of home care exercise program on knee joint function(WOMAC) and the quality of life in patient with total knee replacement arthroplasty. Method: Forty-one subjects were sampled according to research criteria, and divided into two groups : 21 out of experimental group and 20 out of control group. The patients having treatment of total knee replacement arthroplasty were out of the hospital. After surgery executed, it took 8days for them to recovere their health conditions since 10th day, the experimental group received the home care exercise program per regularly four days interval. Results: 1) After applying home care exercise program, the total score on the WOMAC Index for the control group was $3.09{\pm}.76$. The score of the experimental group was $3.55{\pm}.55$ which is statistically higher than that of the control group. (P=.007). 2) After applying home care exercise program, the score of the quality of life for the control group was $3.09{\pm}.50$. The score of the experimental group was $3.46{\pm}.35$ Which is statistically higher than that of the control group. (P=.007). Conclusion: This figures show that home care exercise program has good results. These findings also indicate that the services of home care exercise program are alternatives for the hospitalization.
고온 신뢰성 시험에서 발생된 플렉서블 OLED의 휨 변형
이미경,서일웅,정훈선,이정훈,좌성훈,Lee, Mi-Kyoung,Suh, Il-Woong,Jung, Hoon-Sun,Lee, Jung-Hoon,Choa, Sung-Hoon 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2016 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.23 No.1
플렉서블 OLED는 매우 다양한 유기(organic) 및 무기 물질로 이루어져 있으며, 각 층을 증착하는 과정에 의하여 고온에 의한 휨(warpage)이 발생한다. 휨으로 인하여 발생한 굽힘 변형은 후속 공정에 많은 영향을 미치며, 궁극적으로 생산 수율 및 신뢰성을 저하시킨다. 본 연구에서는 플렉서블 OLED 소자의 고온 환경신뢰성 시험 및 공정 단계에서 발생하는 휨 변형을 수치해석을 이용하여 예측하였으며 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 이를 통하여 휨에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 재료를 파악하고, 궁극적으로 휨을 최소화 함으로써 플렉서블 OLED의 신뢰성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 휨의 측정 및 수치해석 결과, 편광 필름과 베리어 필름이 휨에 많은 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었으며, OCA가 휨에 미치는 영향은 미미하였다. 플렉서블 OLED의 휨에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 소재는 plastic cover이였으며, 휨을 최소화하기 위한 plastic cover 소재의 최적 물성을 실험계획법으로 계산한 결과, 탄성 계수는 4.2 GPa, 열팽창계수는 $20ppm/^{\circ}C$ 일 경우 플렉서블 OLED의 휨은 1 mm 이하가 됨을 알 수 있었다. Flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices consist of multi-stacked thin films or layers comprising organic and inorganic materials. Due to thermal coefficient mismatch of the multi-layer films, warpage of the flexible OLED is generated during high temperature process of each layer. This warpage will create the critical issues for next production process, consequently lowering the production yield and reliability of the flexible OLED. In this study, we investigate the warpage behavior of the flexible OLED for each bonding process step of the multi-layer films using the experimental and numerical analysis. It is found that the polarizer film and barrier film show significant impact on warpage of flexible OLED, while the impact of the OCA film on warpage is negligible. The material that has the most dominant impact on the warpage is a plastic cover. In order to minimize the warpage of the flexible OLED, we estimate the optimal material properties of the plastic cover using design of experiment. It is found that the warpage of the flexible OLED is reduced to less than 1 mm using a cover plastic of optimized properties which are the elastic modulus of 4.2 GPa and thermal expansion coefficient of $20ppm/^{\circ}C$.
수치해석을 이용한 팬 아웃 웨이퍼 레벨 패키지의 휨 경향 및 신뢰성 연구
이미경,정진욱,옥진영,좌성훈,Lee, Mi Kyoung,Jeoung, Jin Wook,Ock, Jin Young,Choa, Sung-Hoon 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2014 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.21 No.1
최근 모바일 응용 제품에 사용되는 반도체 패키지는 고밀도, 초소형 및 다기능을 요구하고 있다. 기존의 웨이퍼 레벨 패키지(wafer level package, WLP)는 fan-in 형태로, I/O 단자가 많은 칩에 사용하기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 팬 아웃 웨이퍼 레벨 패키지(fan-out wafer level package, FOWLP)가 새로운 기술로 부각되고 있다. FOWLP에서 가장 심각한 문제 중의 하나는 휨(warpage)의 발생으로, 이는 FOWLP의 두께가 기존 패키지에 비하여 얇고, 다이 레벨 패키지 보다 휨의 크기가 매우 크기 때문이다. 휨의 발생은 후속 공정의 수율 및 웨이퍼 핸들링에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 FOWLP의 휨의 특성과 휨에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자에 대해서 수치해석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 휨을 최소화하기 위하여 여러 종류의 epoxy mold compound (EMC) 및 캐리어 재질을 사용하였을 경우에 대해서 휨의 크기를 비교하였다. 또한 FOWLP의 주요 공정인 EMC 몰딩 후, 그리고 캐리어 분리(detachment) 공정 후의 휨의 크기를 각각 해석하였다. 해석 결과, EMC 몰딩 후에 발생한 휨에 가장 영향을 미치는 인자는 EMC의 CTE이며, EMC의 CTE를 낮추거나 Tg(유리천이온도)를 높임으로서 휨을 감소시킬 수 있다. 캐리어 재질로는 Alloy42 재질이 가장 낮은 휨을 보였으며, 따라서 가격, 산화 문제, 열전달 문제를 고려하여 볼 때 Alloy 42 혹은 SUS 재질이 캐리어로서 적합할 것으로 판단된다. For mobile application, semiconductor packages are increasingly moving toward high density, miniaturization, lighter and multi-functions. Typical wafer level packages (WLP) is fan-in design, it can not meet high I/O requirement. The fan-out wafer level packages (FOWLPs) with reconfiguration technology have recently emerged as a new WLP technology. In FOWLP, warpage is one of the most critical issues since the thickness of FOWLP is thinner than traditional IC package and warpage of WLP is much larger than the die level package. Warpage affects the throughput and yield of the next manufacturing process as well as wafer handling and fabrication processability. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of warpage and main parameters which affect the warpage deformation of FOWLP using the finite element numerical simulation. In order to minimize the warpage, the characteristics of warpage for various epoxy mold compounds (EMCs) and carrier materials are investigated, and DOE optimization is also performed. In particular, warpage after EMC molding and after carrier detachment process were analyzed respectively. The simulation results indicate that the most influential factor on warpage is CTE of EMC after molding process. EMC material of low CTE and high Tg (glass transition temperature) will reduce the warpage. For carrier material, Alloy42 shows the lowest warpage. Therefore, considering the cost, oxidation and thermal conductivity, Alloy42 or SUS304 is recommend for a carrier material.
만남과 이별을 반복하는 여대생의 이성교제 경험을 통한 자아정체성 형성에 관한 내러티브 탐구
이미경(Lee, Mi kyoung),구자경(Koo, Ja Gyoung) 한국독서치료학회 2022 독서치료연구 Vol.14 No.1
본 연구는 여대생이 만남과 이별을 반복하는 이성교제를 그들의 삶의 맥락 속에서 시간적, 상황적으로 어떻게 경험하며, 그 경험의 의미가 그들의 자아정체성 형성에 어떤 의미를 부여하는지 살피는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 여대생 2명으로, 대학에서 이성교제를 2번 이상 경험하였고, 자신의 이성교제 경험을 풍부하고 의미 있게 표현할 수 있는지를 기준으로 선정하였다. 참여자들과의 면담은 2016년 08월부터 2017년 5월까지 주로 이루어졌으며 2019년 2월, 2020년 10월의 전화통화, 2021년 11월에 ZOOM으로 추가 면담을 진행하였다. 연구참여자의 경험을 Clandinin과 Connelly(2007)의 3차원적 내러티브 탐구 공간에 위치 지우면서 분석한 결과, 연구참여자들이 이성교제에서 경험한 반복되는 만남과 이별의 경험이 자아정체성 재구성에 주는 의미는 ‘사랑받을 수 있는 존재임을 깨닫다’, ‘이타적인 사랑방식을 배우다’, ‘성적 욕망에 주체적으로 되다’, ‘거절에 대한 두려움에서 벗어나다’, ‘자기느낌과 욕구에 대해 확신이 생기다’인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 이성교제를 정체성의 재구성과 확립을 위한 발달적 과정으로 바라보는 관점이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. This study aims to examine how female college students’ dating experiences affect them temporally and contextually, in terms of time and context, and to investigate how their experiences add meaning to their formation of self-identity. The participants of this study were two female students who had dated more than once at their university and were selected based on whether they could express their experiences of dating richly and meaningfully. The interviews with participants were mainly conducted from August 2016 to May 2017, followed by telephone conversations in February 2019, October 2020, and ZOOM in November 2021. The experiences of the research participants were analyzed while positioning them in a three-dimensional narrative inquiry space as designed by Clandinin and Connelly (2007). As a result of the study, the meaning of the repeated dating and breakups experienced by the study participants, allowed an understanding of self-growth. The participants reconstructed their self-identity and realized the following: that they can be loved, learned altruistic love, became subjective to sexual desires, emerged free from the fear of rejection, and became more confident about one s feelings and desires. These research results suggest that it is necessary to view the dating relationships of female college students as a developmental process for reconstructing and establishing identity during college.
유아기 자녀를 둔 부모의 정신건강이 자녀의 위축 및 불안·우울에 미치는 영향
이미경(Lee Mi Kyoung),김소향(Kim So Hyang) 한국유아교육·보육복지학회 2018 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.22 No.3
본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 부모의 정신건강이 자녀의 위축 및 불안 우울에 어떠한 영향력이 있는지 살펴봄으로써 부모 정신건강의 중요성을 인식시키고 부모 정신건강 증진을 위한 부모교육 프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다 연구대상은 부산광역시에 소재하고 있는 유치원과 어린이집에 재원 중인 만 3세 ~ 만 5세 유아를 둔 부모 263쌍을 대상으로 유아기 자녀를 둔 부모의 정신건강과 자녀의 위축 및 불안 우울의 검사 도구를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다 연구결과는 첫째 유아 아버지의 정신건강은 불안의 경향성이 가장 높고 다음으로 충동성 공격성 우울로 나타났다 유아 어머니의 정신건강은 불안 공격성 충동성 우울로 나타났으며 자녀의 정신건강은 불안 우울이 위축의 경향성 보다 높게 나타났다 둘째 유아기 자녀를 둔 부모의 정신건강이 자녀의 위축 및 불안 우울에 영향력을 미쳤다. This study was to examine the mental health tendencies of parents of preschoolers and the influence of their mental health on children s withdrawal and anxiety·depression in an effort to raise awareness of the importance of parental mental health and the purpose of this study is to provide basic data of various programs that recognize the importance of parental mental health and increase the tendency of parents mental health. The subjects of this study were of father and mother who had 3 to 5 year-old infants in kindergarten and daycare centers in Busan. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, the general tendencies in the mental health of the parents and in the children s withdrawal and anxiety·depression were analyzed. Concerning the mental health of the fathers, anxiety proneness was strongest, followed by impulsivity proneness and aggression proneness. Their depression proneness was relatively weakest. As to the mental health of the mothers, anxiety proneness was strongest, followed by aggression proneness, impulsivity proneness and depression proneness. In regard to the tendencies in the withdrawal and anxiety·depression of the children, proneness to anxiety·depression was stronger than that to withdrawal. Second, the correlations of the mental health of the fathers and mothers to the children s withdrawal and anxiety·depression were analyzed. As a result, there were less withdrawal and less anxiety·depression in the children when the parents were in better mental health. Third, the mental health of the parents exercised an influence on the children s withdrawal and anxiety·depression.
이미경(Lee, Mi-Kyoung) 한국피해자학회 2011 被害者學硏究 Vol.19 No.1
This study examines disparities between legal procedures and realities through issues analyses of damage claim against state concerning secondary victimization which victims of sexual violence experience in criminal procedures. For this, case study is used as methodology and it is analyzed damage claim against state suit files(total 6 suit cases and 11 victim cases). The lawsuits brought by the victims who experience unfair human rights violations during criminal procedures against the state are basic rights of the victims, simultaneously they are the only formal procedures victims could take. The analyses of the lawsuit files have meaning for them to argue their rights affirmatively in the actions. Above all, in this study, it is analyzed illegality judgement standards of public officials focused on cases of damage claims against state. Public official's judgement standards are main issues of the claims concerning secondary victimization in criminal procedures. Current judgement standards, which mean "it is recognized in the case of distinctively unfair or hardly affirmation of the rationality," omit suffering of the victims and distinctiveness of sexual violence damage regarding secondary victimization. In addition, though the victims are injured parties of the accidents, commonly they are marginalized in the criminal procedures. It means that they are treated as the weak who need to be cared carefully by courts and law enforcement agencies based on the law and policies for protection of victims, rather than the subjects who have human rights. Actions brought by the victims against the state with the respect to the secondary victimization have meaning as they question violations of their rights by the unfair execution of state power and furthermore, require damage claim to the state. However, it would be needed subsequent studies regarding damage claims against the state can contribute to expansion of victims's rights or they only regenerate damages again within current law schemes. This study is detailed monitoring to the implementation of victims' rights in law and comments for the re-constitution of victim's rights in it.
배우자의 아로마테라피 제공이 분만통증, 불안 및 분만 만족도에 미치는 효과
이미경 ( Mi Kyoung Lee ),허명행 ( Myung Haeng Hur ) 여성건강간호학회 2011 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.17 No.3
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the spouse`s aromatherapy massage on labor pain, anxiety during labor and childbirth satisfaction for laboring women. Methods: The subjects of this study were laboring women who didn`t have any complication during pregnancy and who have admitted for childbirth with their spouse to E. hospital in D city. This study was carried out from June to November in 2007. The subjects were allocated into three groups: spouse`s aromatherapy massage group, spouse`s carrier oil massage group and control group. Aromatherapy massage and carrier oil massage was applied for ten minutes every hour after the cervix dilated 5cm. The subjects in the control group were with their spouse during labor. Results: The labor pain by VAS was significantly different among the three groups (Kruskal-Wallis x2=7.09 p=.029) in the deceleration phase. The anxiety during labor by VAS were significantly different among the three groups (Kruskal-Wallis x2=6.77 p=.034) in the deceleration phase. There was no significant difference in childbirth satisfaction among the three groups. Conclusion: The spouse`s aromatherapy massage using Lavender, Clary sage, Frankincense and Neroli could be effective in decreasing labor pain and decreasing anxiety level during labor.